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1、四级翻译技巧,一、题型简介,在四级新题型考试中，翻译题所占分值为5%，时间为5分钟，由5个句子组成，要求考生将句子的一部分由中文翻译成英文。它考查的内容主要包括两部分，一是意群的表达，二是句法。,二、应试技巧,1)首先，确定关键词(一般由两个词或词组组成)，寻找可能的英文相应表达；2)然后，利用相应的语法结构或功能连接方式(connectives)将两个英文词或词组连接起来；3)最后，结合待翻译的文字在句子中所处的位置与功能，根据句法结构理顺语言。,三、翻译常见问题和应对政策,1).理解表达不到位是翻译的最大问题。2).理解关键在于理解句子的语法结构。3)表达关键在于用符合英语语言的习惯来做适
2、当调整。4)加强句法和和词汇基础，持之以恒。,四、翻译标准方法步骤,1).标准：准确、通顺、完整。2).方法：以直译为主适当意译。3).步骤：通读全句，准确理解。分析成分，划分意群。选择词义，贴切表达。适当调整，书写译文。,五、某些特殊句型、结构的翻译,A.定语从句与同位语从句的区别：1).定语从句先行词可以是任何名词，而同位语从句先行词相当有限，例如：conclusion,fact,news,idea,belief,message,hope,evidence,opinion,problem,thought,understanding 2).同位语从句中 that 不在从句中充当任何成分，定语
3、从句 that 充当一定句子成分。3).同位语翻译可采用解释法，即先行词后+“I”。B.定语 1).分词短语作定语 2).不定式作定语 3).介词短语作定语4).形容词做定语 上述成分做定语时，一般来说，应把定语翻译在中心词前面。,五、某些特殊句型、结构的翻译,倒装结构：Here comes the bus.Here you are.完全倒装：谓语动词全部移到主语的前面 The child ran away.Away ran the child.作用：有动感）一些标志副词 Out/in/off/up/down/away/here/there2)开头是状语,五、某些特殊句型、结构的翻译,部分倒装
4、：把助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面(1).表示“也（不）I like this book.So does he.(so/neither/nor 放在句首，后面用不完全到装)(2).as引导让步状语从句时，从句的表语可以放在最前面：Great as Newton was,many of his ideas(have been challenged)today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.Much as he likes her,he does get annoyed with her sometim
5、es.,五、某些特殊句型、结构的翻译,（3）.含有否定意义的词放在句首，要用部分倒装:Never/little/few/hardly/scarcely/seldom/in no way/no longer/on no account/under no circumstance（4）.关于only：加状语放在句首，后面要用部分倒装:Only under special circumstances are freshmen permitted to take make_ up tests.,五、某些特殊句型、结构的翻译,D.比较结构 1).Asas 2).not so as 3).rather A
6、，than B 与其说B，不如说A 4).less A，more B 与其说A，不如说BE.并列结构 两个或两个以上的并列成分有明显的连词标记或标点符号连接，如：and,or,but,both and,neithernor,not but,not onlybut also等。,五、某些特殊句型、结构的翻译,F.否定结构 1).部分否定：若否定句中出 all，both，every，each 等类似词语，则表部分否定。2).形状否定：例如：His contribution can not be exaggerated.他的贡献极大。You can never be careful enough.你
7、必须多加小心。,五、某些特殊句型、结构的翻译,F.否定结构 3).形式肯定，内容否定 He is anything but/except a scholar.他绝不是一个学者。Swimming here is far from/not at all dangerous.在此游泳毫无危险。He is the last person I want to meet.他是我最不想见的人。,五、某些特殊句型、结构的翻译,G.形式主语翻译方法固定，可当作短语直接翻译在句子最前面。It is reported that 据报道It is estimated that 据估计 It is conjecture
8、d that 据推测 It must be admitted that 必须承认 It can not be denied that/There is no denying that 不可否认 It can be said without fear/exaggeration that 可以毫不夸张地说 H.强调结构：还原强调部分，直接翻译。,六、实战练习,以下是样题所提供的5个翻译句子，我们根据其内容来推测可能考查的知识点：（87）.The substance does not dissolve in water _(不管是否加热)。本句意为：不管是否加热，这种物质都不会溶解于水。前半句所给的
9、信息并不重要，考生凭四级词汇知识可以理解substance(物质)和dissolve(溶解)两个单词的意义。考虑提示部分的汉语，“不管是否”即“whether or”，很容易找到这个对应结构。关键点在于对“加热”的理解，是主动还是被动处理，从上下文意义推断出是 water被加热，所以我们采用被动方式，即whether(it is)heated or not，填入部分作让步状语从句，it is可以被省略。,六、实战练习,考查重点：从句知识：尤其让步状语从句，注意复习whether or,though,no matter how,as等表达的用法。分词用法：注意辨别现在分词和过去分词，同时考虑动词
10、被动语态的运用。,六、实战练习,88）.Not only _(他向我收费过高)，but he didnt do a good repair job either.本句意为：他不但向我收费过高，而且东西修理得不怎么样。本句中要考虑两个层面，首先是动词“收费”的对应词，应当是“charge”。“过高”则往往使用too high或too much,由于主体内容是金钱而不是温度，我们用经常搭配的“much”。更加巧妙的用词是“overcharge”，恰好可以把意思归并到一起。还要考虑的是本句中“not onlybut”结构中出现了否定词前置到句首的现象，自然是倒装句的标志。结合后半句的一般过去时形式，
11、我们不得不把助动词did提炼出来，按照倒装结构翻译成“Not only did he charge me too much”或者“Not only did he overcharge me”。,六、实战练习,考查重点：倒装句结构中的否定词前置现象。类似的知识点还要注意Never/Neither/Hardly/Scarcely等否定词在句首的倒装情况。,六、实战练习,（89）.Your losses in trade this year are nothing _(与我的相比)。本句意为“你在生意中的损失与我的相比不值一题。”翻译时有两个知识点容易出错，首先，“与相比”考查词组知识，四级程度同学
12、应当掌握“compared with”或者“in comparison with”,但常有考生把“compare with”与“compare to”(把比做)混淆，或者没有考虑过去分词形式。此外，“我的”应当使用物主代词所有格“mine”，此处不宜写成“my losses”。,六、实战练习,考查重点：词组知识：需要考生把握大批类似compare with以及名词形式in comparison with的词组或短语，其中固定搭配需要使用的介词副词非常重要。分词形式：在句子中做修饰成分与前者构成主动被动关系至关重要。,六、实战练习,（90）.On average,it is said,visit
13、ors spend only _(一半的钱)in a day in Leeds as in London.本句意为：据说，游客平均一天在利兹花掉的钱只有在伦敦的一半那么多。显然本句在拿asas结构做文章。因为是比较关系，把在Leeds和在London的费用做比较，所以后半句有明确的“as”一词。空缺部分是要有“as”,还要有“half”和“money”。关键是次序如何调理。根据比较结构中的倍数原则，倍数数字放在最开始，接下去有关于量的 as much+n.+as,因此本句要填入“half as much money”。,六、实战练习,考查重点：比较结构：本句考查同级比较中的倍数关系，类似表达还
14、有twice as much(many)as,六、实战练习,（91）.By contrast,American mothers were more likely_(把孩子的成功归因于)natural talent.本句意为：相比较，美国的母亲们更可能把孩子的成功归因于天赋。本句再次在词组方面进行考查，“把归因于”是大学英语四级考查率极高的一个语言点，有时表达因果关系最复杂的动词词组。应当熟练把握“attributeto”的拼写和用法。此外，不要忽略另外一个词的用法,“be likely to”表示“容易”、“可能”等意义，稍不小心就会把to漏掉。总之，需要填入的部分拼贴在一起就是“to att
15、ribute their childrens success to”。,六、实战练习,考查重点：动词词组，表示因果关系的attribute to。需要熟练掌握用法的还有lead to,result in,result from,be to blame for,be responsible for。另外，还要学会使用拼写类似的词组 contribute to，表示“有助于，对做出贡献”。,六、实战练习,特别提示：仔细研究以上样题的考点，不难发现新四级虽然放弃了专门的词汇语法结构题型，翻译部分仍就重点考查了各类词组语法（倒装句、虚拟语气、分词、从句、词组）的知识，而且全是原来四级题目中的重点。准备
16、新四级千万不要与以往的知识割裂，我们所说的“万变不离其宗”就是这个道理，熟练掌握四级大纲规定的词汇、词组、语法知识，并且活学活用，才不会被千变万化的题型吓倒。,七、翻译练习安排,1).时间以每天30分钟为宜。2).借用英英字典养成良好的英文思维习惯。3).坚持每天练习：3-5分钟做翻译(卡表做)，8-12分钟调整译文，结合词典、语法书对照答案。4).可以每天做阅读中的难句一句。,Ex.Translate the following sentences into English.,1.要是他适合当校长，那么哪个学生都可以当。（no morethan）,no morethan,He is no m
17、ore fit to be a headmaster than any schoolboy would be.,2.至于她的父亲，她不敢肯定是否会接收她和她的小孩。(as for),as for,not sure whether,As for her father,she is not sure whether he will accept her and her baby.,undermine,while,Staying up late will undermine ones health while going to bed early and getting up early will
18、benefit it.,3.晚睡会损害健康而早睡早起有益于健康。(undermine),convey,The ambassador personally conveyed the presidents message to the premier.,4.大使亲自向总理转达了总统的问候。(convey),personally,5.这个女孩决定敞开心扉，把她看见的一切都告诉警方。(open up),open up,what she had seen,The girl decided to open up and tell the police what she had seen.,6.过量的运动对
19、身体健康弊多利少，所以我们必须控制运动量。(do more harm than good)P.47,excessive,do more harm than good,Excessive exercises does more harm than good to ones health.Therefore we must control the amount of exercise we do.,7.他几次试图加入他们的谈话，但都由于胆小而放弃了。(make a few attempts to),make a few attempts to,He made a few attempts to j
20、oin in their conversation,but he gave up out of timidness.,timidness,8.就方便快捷而言，火车无法与飞机竞争。(in terms of),in terms of,Trains cannot compete with planes in terms of convenience and speed.,9.就中美文化作一对比会有助于你尽快明白和适应在美国的学习环境。(a comparison of),a comparison of,adapt to,Making a comparison between Chinese and A
21、merican cultures will help you to better understand and adapt to your study environment in the USA.,10.在公共汽车上年轻人给老弱病残让座是中国人的传统美德。(yield),yield their seats to,It is a traditional Chinese virtue for the young on buses to yield their seats to the old,the weak,the sick and the disabled.,11.她将她的少年时代描绘成一个
22、幻想和发现的时期。(portray as)P.126,wonder and discovery,She portrayed her childhood as a time of wonder and discovery.,12.试验表明，不抽烟的人比抽烟的人在工作中犯的错误要少。(fewer than),Experiments show,committed,Experiments showed that non-smokers committed fewer errors than smokers.,13.球迷经常受到人们的重视，不是因为他们自身的成功，而是因为他们支持的球队获得胜利。（not
23、 but）,be highly regarded,Football fans are often highly regarded not for their own achievement,but through their connection to a team that wins.,14.尽管演技高超，这部长达3个小时的电影还是未能抓住我们的注意力。(despite),wonderful acting,hold our attention,Despite the wonderful acting,the three-hour movie could not hold our attent
24、ion.,15.王教授是我唯一指望能救我儿子的大夫（rely on）,Professor Wang is the only doctor I can rely on to save my son.,16.我们认为你的建议不恰当，应该放弃。(in place)P.132,give it up,We dont think your proposal quite in place,so you should give it up.,17.他到家时，发现家里只有一些老人和病人。(nothing but),the aged and the sick,When he arrived,he found no
25、thing but the aged and the sick at home.,18.就这台发动机的状况而言，它即使能发动也是奇迹了。(given),start,Given the condition of the engine,it is a wonder that it even starts.,19.从就业来说，旅馆业是这个国家的第二大产业。(in terms of),employment,industry,In terms of employment,the hotel industry is the second largest industry in this country.,
26、20.这个国家里,不管肤色如何，每一个人都有权住在他想住的地方。(regardless of),the color of his skin,Everyone in this country has the right to live where he wants to,regardless of the color of his skin.,21.虽然他说他为此事做了很多努力，但是他的成功至少部分是由于他运气好。(in part）P.151,the case,due to,Although he said he had done a lot for the case,his success w
27、as at least in part due to luck.,22.将要讨论的议题非常关键，因为它将决定很多人的未来。(issue),critical,determine,The issue to be discussed is critical,because it will determine the future of many people.,23.我将尽量避免将我的观点强加于别人。(impose on),try my best to avoid,Ill try my best to avoid imposing my ideas on others.,24.在那种情况下，很少有人
28、能够正视自己性格上的缺点。(rarely,face up to),the defects in their own characters,in such a situation,Rarely can people face up to the defects in their own characters in such a situation.,25.大学生活被称为人的一生中最美丽的阶段。(refer to as),College life is referred to as the most beautiful period of ones life.,26.总的来讲，他是一个很有学问的人
29、，尤其是在数学领域。但当涉及到政治时他就什么也不知道了。(when it comes to)P.157,Generally speaking,especially in the field of mathematic science,Generally speaking he is quite learned,especially in the field of mathematic science.However,when it comes to the politics,he knows nothing.,27.从他们对1000名没上过大学的工人进行的调查结果来看，高考的失利对他们的生活有
30、着很深远的影响。(profound),According to the survey,had a profound effect on,According to the survey they made of the 1000 workers who missed out on the chance to go to university,the failure in the college entrance examinations had a profound effect on their later life.,，,28.由于成本的提高，雇主们拒绝为雇员支付退休金。另一方面，雇员们也不
31、愿意一辈子待在一家公司。(on the flip side),Owing to the cost rise,Owing to the cost rise,employers refuse to pay the retirement pension for their employees.On the flip side/on the other hand,employees are unwilling to stay in the same company for their whole lives.,29.既然你已经告诉我谁应该对此事负责，我就不再作进一步追查了。(pursue),take
32、the responsibility for the matter,Since you have told me who should take the responsibility for the matter,I will not pursue any further.,30.即使是在最忙的季节，我也要每天尽量腾出半小时时间锻炼身体。(set aside),even in the busiest season,I will try to set aside half an hour each day to do some exercise even in the busiest seaso
33、n.,31.无论我们遇到什么样的困难，我们都应该想办法克服它。(overcome)P.174,No matter,try our best to,No matter what difficulties we come across,we should try our best to overcome them.,32.尊老爱幼是中华民族传统的美德。(traditional),Respecting the old and caring for the young,Respecting the old and caring for the young is a traditional Chines
34、e virtue.,33.今天，各行各业的人都在努力提高自己的知识水平以便跟上时代的发展。(all walks of life),keep pace with the development of our times,acquire more knowledge,Today,people from all walks of life are trying to acquire more knowledge to keep pace with the development of our times.,34.孩子们特别喜欢卡通片。(have a fancy for;take a fancy to
35、),Children take a fancy to cartoons.,35.考虑到他们缺乏经验，这工作他们做得不错。(given that),be lacking in experience/inexperienced/green hand,Given that they are lacking in experience/inexperienced/green hand,they have done a good job.,36.不管你是喜欢还是厌恶，你都必须接受这个事实。(detest)P.181,come to terms with the fact,Whether you like
36、 it or hate/detest it,you must come to terms with(accept)the fact.,37.家长们抱怨孩子们总是整天迷恋于电视节目。（fascinate）,complain,Parents always complain that their children are fascinated by TV programs all day long.,38.在一个全球化的世界里，任何一个国家和地区都不可能置身事外，避免外来文化和经济的影响和冲击。（escape）,globalized world,the impact of foreign cultu
37、re and economy,In a globalized world,no country or district can escape the impact of foreign culture and economy.,39.在你方便时请及早跟我联系。(at your earliest convenience),at your earliest convenience,Please contact me at your earliest convenience.,40.由于好来坞全球化策略的成功，世界各个角落的人们都可以看到美国电影和影碟，但同时本土的文化也受到美国文化的的影响。(su
38、ffer from the impact of),Hollywoods successful strategy of globalization,Owing to Hollywoods successful strategy of globalization,people in every corner of the world can watch American movies and DVDs,but meanwhile,it is unavoidable for the local culture to suffer from the impact of the American cul
39、ture.,the local culture,41.他无需认真考虑就可轻易击败对手。（giving a second thought:rethink/think quickly）P.68,giving a second thought,He can beat his opponent easily without giving a second thought.,42.在根本不懂得驾驶的情况下，他居然把车开上了公路。（用with结构）,With little or no knowledge of,With little or no knowledge of driving,he drove
40、the car onto the road.,43.对这座桥梁的施工未经许可进行更改是违法的。（unauthorized）,unauthorized,It is illegal to make an unauthorized change in the construction of the bridge.,44.我会平静地接受这个事实，因为我知道如果我完不成任务，全队就有可能面临失败。（chance）,chances were that,I could accept this fact calmly because I knew if I werent able to finish the
41、mission,chances were that the team would be defeated.,45.偏远山区里的孩子们严重缺乏科学文化知识。（lack in）,remote mountain areas,lack in,Children in remote mountain areas are lacking in scientific and cultural knowledge.,46.在董事会议上他建议把这项轻松的工作留给身体不好的玛丽来做。(leave to)P.90,leave to,He suggested at the board meeting that the
42、easy task(should)be left to Mary whose health is poor.,47.目前正在香港的布朗先生很有教学经验，他将在春天来我校给学生上课。(who),who is in Hong Kong now,Mr.Brown,who is in Hong Kong now,has a lot of teaching experience and will come to teach our students in the spring.,48.这家旅馆是我市最好的旅馆，吃的东西很好，服务质量也不错。（be true of:be applied to),This
43、is the best hotel in our city:the food is good and the same is true of the service.,the same is true of,49.为了吸引更多的乘客坐船，船长向所有乘客保证乘船旅游十分安全。(assure),In order to,assure,In order to attract more passengers,the captain assured all the passengers of the safety of traveling by ship.,50.他花了15万元买的那辆新车在一次事故中被严重损坏，已经无法修理了。（which,beyond）,seriously damaged,beyond repair,His new car,for which he paid￥150000,was seriously damaged in an accident and was beyond repair.,
