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1、语法概述及状语从句,课堂任务,1,语法基本框架2，语法中的句子成分3,状语从句,1 语法基本框架,语法,词法,句法,名词,动词,副词,.,简单句,复杂句,并列复杂句,主谓,主系表,主谓宾,定状,句子成分,从属复杂句,形容词,状语从句,名词性从句,定语从句,宾从,同位从,主从,表从,2 句子成分,主谓 宾 I knock at the desk.主 系 表 The role of governments in environmental management is difficult but inescapable.,定语：line graphrenewable resources sense
2、of belongingThe girl under the tree is Kate.The girl sits under the tree.,什么是状语？,修饰动词、句子，形容词或副词,She studies hard in the university every day,方式 状 语,时 间 状 语,地 点 状 语,状语按用途可分为：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式、等。,decline dramatically level off gradually,思考：如果一个句子来修饰名词Puma are large,cat-like animals which are fou
3、nd in America.如果用一个句子1 去修饰另一个句子2 When local resources became depleted,the tribe moved on.,3:状语从句,She could sing at that time.She could sing when she was four years old.,状语从句按用途可分为：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式、等。,讲课思路：按连词来讲,（1）时间状语从句:No sooner had I arrived home,than it began to rain.Hardly had he arrived
4、 in England,when his wife persuaded him to go back.By the time it is due to hatch,the glow-worms light organ is fully developed,and its glow signals that the egg will soon hatch.连词when，as soon as,as,before,after,no sooner.than，by the time,hardly.when,while,Whenever you say“I love you”,mean it.Whenev
5、er you say“Im sorry”,look the person right in the eyes.Whenever someone asks you something you dont want to answer,smile and ask,“Why do you want to know?”Smile whenever you pick up the phone,for the caller will be able to notice it.,当他们选择做职业运动员时，他们就必须下赌注.professional athlete,make a gamble/bet When
6、they choose to be professional athlete,they have to make a gamble.,（2）地点状语从句:Remember you are a Chinese wherever you go.This is the classroom where we met Where there is no rain,farming is difficult or impossible.连词：where；wherever,Since everybody has come,lets begin our conference.I dont think it is
7、 entirely necessary to adhere strictly to the original story,on the grounds that movies are both visual and auditory.连词：on the grounds that，since,for,in that,as,because,等 because of/due to/owing to,（3）原因状语从句:,我还是喜欢和朋友一起旅行，因为得到快乐和休息在旅行中是最重要的。pleasure and relaxation.I still prefer to travel with frien
8、ds,on the grounds that getting pleasure and relaxation is the most important.,（4）目的状语从句:The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.Take the umbrella in case(that)it rains.连词：so that，in order that,for the purpose that,in case that,for fear that,越来越多的人们不得不花费更多
9、的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识，使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。retain a competitive edge Increasingly more people have to spend more time and energy in learning new technology and skill so that they can retain a competitive edge in job market.,（5）结果状语从句:,Mike is such a good worker that we all believe him.The eruption was so fierce
10、 that the dust darkened the sky,canceling the following summer in Europe and North America.连词：so that 或 suchthat,（6）条件状语从句:As long as you design the questionnaire properly in the first place,the data will be fine.Unless pollution reduction measures are able to keep pace with the continued pressures
11、of urban growth,air quality in many of the major cities will deteriorate beyond reason.连词：if,as/so long as.supposing that,assuming that,providing that,provided that,【练】参与有偿劳动是可以接受的,如果工作条件安全，工作时间合理，薪酬公平。engage in/paid work Engaging in paid work is acceptable,as long as work condition is safe,work tim
12、e is reasonable,and the salary is fair.,（7）让步状语从句:,Though he is young,he knows a lot.Well start our project even if the president disagrees.连词：although,though,even if/though，despite of the fact that,in spite of the fact that,许多人需要一份稳定且可靠的收入由于家庭责任，即使他们并不满意自己目前的工作。reliable/be unsatisfied with A great
13、number of people need a stable and reliable income because of family responsibility,although they are unsatisfied with their current jobs.,（8）方式状语从句:,He walks as if he is drunk.She talks as if she were my boss.连词：as if/as though,回顾：1 语法框架2 句子成分3 状从连词,时间：when，as soon as,as,before,after,no sooner.than
14、，by the time,hardly.when,while地点：where；wherever原因：on the grounds that，since,for,in that,as,because because of/due to/owing to 目的：so that，in order that,for the purpose that,in case that,for fear that,结果：so that 或 suchthat 条件 if,as/so long as.supposing that,assuming that,providing that,provided that,让步：although,though,even if/though，despite of the fact that,in spite of the fact that 方式：as if/as though,Where to find me?梁康1884-贵学,
