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1、,巧辨定语从句和同位语从句,山东省曹县第二中学 刘银超,定语从句和同位语从句是高中学生较难掌握的一个语法点，笔者试从以下几点谈谈它们的区别与联系。一被修饰或被说明的词1定语从句中被修饰的是名词或代词；而同位语从句的被说明的词只能是名词，而且一般是下列名词，hope,answer,fact,belief,News,idea,information,order,conclusion,suggestion,plan,Truth,thought,doubt,promise,feeling等名词例如：(1)This is the boy who we are looking for yesterday.
2、(2)He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.(3)His failure was due to the fact that he had not practice for a long time.(4)She told us her hope that she would become a Pianist.在例（1）中，who引导的是一个定语从句，boy是先行词,但它不能作为同位语从句中被修饰的词,在例（2）中，he 是先行词，who 引导的是定语从句，he 不可作为同位语从句中被修饰的词在例（3）中，that 引导的是同
3、位语从句。同样例（4）that 引导的也是同位语从句2When,where,why 如果引导的是定语从句的话，那么它们的先行词分别是表示时间，地点，和原因的名词；而如果三者引导同位语从句的话那么被修饰的词,肯定不是表示时间，地点和原因的名词例如：(1)Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao?(2)I had no idea when you were here.在例（1）中，when引导的是一个定语从句，先行词days是表示时间的词;在例（2）中，when 引导的是一个同位语从句，被
4、修饰的词是idea，不表示时间,二引导词1that 既可以引导定语从句，又可以引导同位语从句引导同位语从句时，连接词that 本身无词义，在同位语从句中也不充当任何成分，但不可以省略，也不可以用其他的词来代替；引导定语从句时，关系代词that 在从句中做一个成分，作宾语时也可以省略例如：(1).The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.(2).The news(that/which)we heard on the radio was not true.在例（1）中，that 引导的是同位语从句，在从句中不作任何成
5、分，也不可以用其他词代替，且不可省略在例（2）中，that 是定语从句，在从句中作heard的宾语，也可以省略，还可以用which 来代替,2When,where，why 既可以引导同位语从句，也可以引导定语从句它们引导同位语从句时，只起连接作用，没有指代作用；它们引导定语从句时，具有指代先行词的作用，在从句中作状语，可以转换成“介词关系代词”的形式例如（1）Ill never forget the day when I passed the National College Entrance Exanmination.(2)He had no idea when she left.(3)19
6、95 was the year when he was born.(4)This is the village where he grew up.在例（1）中，when 引导的是定语从句，可以转换“on which”在例（2）中，when引导的是同位语从句，when在从句中状语，但不能转换成“介词关系代词”在例（3）中，when引导的是定语从句，when可以转换成in which在例（4）中，where引导的是定语从句，where可以转换成in which,三性质这是两种从句的本质的不同所在定语从句是形容词性的，它的功能是修饰先行词，描述它的性质或特征同位语从句是名词性的，它的功能是对所说明的
7、词语作进一步的补充性的解释试比较：The news that we heard spread all over the school campus.(定语从句）The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the school campus.（同位语从句）,Exercises:,1.Theres a feeling in me_well never know what a UFO isnot ever.（02上海）A.that B.which C.of which D.what.,答案解析：that well never kno
8、w what a UFO is not ever作a feeling的同位语，解释a feeling 的具体内容的。that 在从句中不做任何成分。,2.Is this the hospital _he worked ten years ago?A.that B.where C.which D.the one,答案解析:此处是where引导的定语从句,先行词the hospital 是表示地点的,所以用关系副词where引导,并且在定语从句中作地点状语.,3.A story goes _Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being s
9、urrounded by clever and qualified noblemen.(04上海)A.when Bwhich C.what D.that,答案解析:that引导的是同位语从句,和story构成同位关系.在同位语从句中不充当任何成分,也不能省略.,4.His success was because of _he had been working hard.A.that B.the fact which C.the fact that D.the fact,答案解析:the fact 作because of 的宾语,that 引导的是同位语从句.用来说明fact 的具体内容.不在从
10、句中作任何成分,也不能省略.,5.Tom came to the conclusion_by a computer.A.that not all things can be done.B.because of not all things be done.C.being not all things can be done D.because not all things can be done,答案解析:conclusion 后面应跟一个由that 引导的同位语从句,故选择项A 为答案项.,6.We are living in an age _many things are done on computer.(03春招）A.which B.that.C.whose D.when,7.I work in a business_almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.(04湖南）A.how B.which C.where D.that,答案解析:定语从句不能用how引导,且从句的主谓宾成分完整,故可排除B和D选项.,GOOD-BYE,Thank You,
