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1、Unit 4 Text CPablo Picasso:from a Child Prodigy to an Utter Genius,1Pablo Picasso,born in Spain,was a child prodigy who was recognized as such by his art-teacher father,who ably led him along.2He was a rebel from the start and,as a teenager,began to frequent the Barcelona cafes where intellectuals g
2、athered.He soon went to Paris,the capital of art,and soaked up the works of Manet,Gustave Courbet,and Toulouse-Lautrec,whose sketchy style impressed him greatly.3Before he struck upon Cubism,Picasso went through a prodigious number of stylesrealism,caricature.The Blue Period dates from 1901 to 1904
3、and is characterized by a predominantly blue palette and subjects focusing on outcasts,beggars,and prostitutes.This was when he also produced his first created painting in memory of a great childhood friend,the Spanish poet Casagemas,who had committed suicide.The painting started as a self-portrait,
4、but Picassos features became those of his lost friend.The composition is stilted,the space compressed,the gestures stiff,and the tones predominantly blue.Yet another example,perhaps the most lyrical and mysterious ever,is the haunting Woman with a Crow(1903).,4The Rose Period began around 1904 when
5、Picassos palette brightened,the paintings dominated by pinks and beiges,light blues,and roses.His subjects are circus people,harlequins,and clowns,all of whom seem to be mute and strangely inactive.One of the premier works of this period is extremely beautiful Family of Saltimbanques dating to 1905,
6、which portrays a group of circus workers who appear alienated and incapable of communicating with each other,set in a one-dimensional space.5In 1905,Picasso went briefly to Holland,and on his return to Paris,his works took on a classical aura with large make and female figures seen frontally or in d
7、istinct profile,almost like early.,6Picasso discovered ancient Iberian sculpture from Spain,African art,and sculptures.Slowly,he included the simplified forms he found in these sources into a striking portrait of Gertrude Stein,finished in 1906.She has a severe masklike face made up of emphatically
8、clear-cut forms compressed inside a restricted space.This unique portrait comes as a crucial shift from what Picasso saw to what he was thinking and paves the way to cubism.7Then came the awesome Les Demoiselles dAvignon of 1907,the shaker of the art world.Picasso was a little afraid of the painting
9、 and didnt show it except to a small circle of friends until 1916,long after he had completed his early Cubist pictures.Cubism is essentially the fragmenting of three-dimensional forms into flat areas of pattern and color,overlapping and intertwining so that shapes and parts of the human anatomy are
10、 seen from the front and back at the same time.The style was created by Picasso in tandem with his great friend Georges Braque,and at times,the works were so alike it was hard for each artist quickly to identify their own.,8 Every progressive painter,whether French,German,Belgian,or American,soon to
11、ok up Cubism,and the style became the dominant one of at least the first half of the 20th century.Picasso would create a host of Cubist styles throughout his long career.In 1912 Picasso produced Still-Life with Chair-Caning,in the Picasso Museum in Paris,which is an oval picture that is,in effect,a
12、cafe table in perspective surrounded by a rope frame-the first collage,or a work of art that incorporates preexisting materials or objects as part of the whole.Elements glued to the surface contrasting with painted versions of the same material provided a sort of sophisticated double take on the par
13、t of the observer.A good example of this,dubbed,The Guitar(1913).The most accomplished pictures of the fully developed Synthetic Cubist style are two complex and highly colorful works representing musicians.He produced fascinating theatrical sets and costumes for the Ballet Russe from 1914 on,turned
14、,in the 1920s,to a rich classical style,creating some breathtaking line drawings,dabbled with Surrealism between 1925 and 1935,and returned to Classicism.,9Picasso lived in Paris through the World War,producing gloomy paintings in semi-abstract styles,many depicting skulls or flayed animals or a hor
15、rifying charnel house.He turned enthusiastically to sculpture,pottery,and print-making.Whatever Picasso had a hand in turned out to have an unquenchable spark of utter genius.,Exercises of Text CPart OneChoose the best answer to each question.,1.From the first two paragraphs we can infer _.A.Pablo P
16、icassos family background is helpful for him to grow into a painter B.when he was young,Picasso always behaved as he was asked to C.at first,Picasso followed the styles of the other artists closely D.Picasso has been greatly influenced by artists in Paris instead of his father2.The phrase“struck upo
17、n”in the third passage means _.A.“was subjected to a bad impact”B.“stopped practicing”C.“was fond of”D.“was impressed by”,3.Which of the following statements is not a fact about Picassos first created painting in memory of the Spanish poet Casagemas?A.Originally the painter has planned this works to
18、 be a portrait of his own rather than that of his friends.B.That Picasso looked like Casagemas made the painting become a portrait of the poet.C.The basic tone of the painting was gloomy.D.It was created in the early 1910s.4.In Picassos long career of arts _.A.his subjects of painting never changed
19、B.Les Demoiselles d Avignon was his favorite C.he tried many different styles D.he produced fascinating theatrical sets and costumes for the Ballet Russe,5.The portrait of Gertrude Stein was _.A.created after Picasso got inspiration from the signs of ancient sculptures B.finished after Picasso had b
20、ecome a complete cubist C.famous for its delicate and detailed style D.just depicting what the painter had seen 6.The painting Still-Life with Chair-Caning was_.A.in a square shape B.a caricature of justiceC.a creation by combining what already existed into one workD.the painted versions of the same
21、 material,7.From this passage we know that cubism _.A.depicts objects in three-dimensional forms B.helps us to appreciate the human bodies from different visual angles C.is Picassos creation D.was taken up by all painters in the first half of the 20th century8.In the last paragraph the author indica
22、tes that during World War Two,_.A.the painting tone of Picasso was similar to that in the Blue Period B.the subject was similar to that in the Blue Period C.Picassos interest in art was merely restricted to painting D.although Picasso proved a genius,some of his works were still questionable,Part Tw
23、oFill in the blanks with the words given below and change the forms where necessary.,1.The board of directors has made a decision that your competitive idea _ in the plan.2.We will spare no efforts to _ two months work into one so as to take part in the upcoming fashion show.3.The statesman called o
24、n the public to fight for their freedom as their fates _ with that of the country.4.In his latest works the painter just gave a _ outline of the marvelous scenery in the remote village trying to arouse viewers desire to visit it in person.,were intertwined,will be incorporated,compress,sketchy,5.The
25、 markings are so blurred that it is difficult for the experts to _.6.With New Year approaching the streets are filled with _ of happiness here and there.7.Only after graduation from university did he find his knowledge was still quite _ on his research field.8.She was very regretful for her foolish
26、behavior but she _ from a large audience in the theatre.,sketchy incorporate perspective restrict aura alienate fragment compress intertwine identify,identify,an aura,restricted,was alienated,Part ThreeMake ready for a presentation on Pablo Picasso:from a Child Prodigy to an Utter Genius after discu
27、ssing the following topics in group.1.The process of Picassos growing into an utter genius of art.2.The painting styles of Picasso and the representative works of each style.3.Your understanding about cubism.,Part Four Write a composition with some phrases picked up from the above passage at least 1
28、50 words following the outline given below in Chinese.1.毕加索对世界艺术的贡献 2.个人生活对毕加索的艺术风格的影响 3.毕加索作品中蕴含的人文主义精神,拿扇子的女人,卖艺人家,毕加索作品,熟睡的农民,在海滨,The End,参考译文C巴勃罗毕加索-从神童到绝对天才 1出生于西班牙的巴勃罗毕加索，在作美术老师的父亲眼里是一个神童，父亲的良好教导伴他一路走来。,参考译文C巴勃罗毕加索-从神童到绝对天才 2毕加索一直就很叛逆，青少年时的他常光顾荟萃了众多知识分子的巴塞罗那咖啡馆。不久后，他去了艺术之都巴黎，在那里他吸收了马奈，居斯塔夫库尔贝，
29、图卢兹劳特雷克作品的风格，他们粗犷的风格给他留下了深刻印象。,参考译文C巴勃罗毕加索-从神童到绝对天才 3在钟情于立体派之前，毕加索曾采用了诸如现实主义和讽刺艺术之类的很多风格。1901至1904年是他创作的蓝色时期，特点是以蓝色为主色调，刻画对象主要是流浪汉，乞丐和妓女。就是在那时毕加索的第一部创造性作品诞生了，他以此来缅怀童年时的好朋友-选择了自杀的西班牙诗人卡萨吉马斯。这幅画的创作初衷是一幅自画像，但毕加索却把自己的面部特征画成了那位已逝朋友的了。这幅画以蓝色为主色调，其构图有些虚饰，空间安排紧凑，人物姿势僵硬。另一部蓝色时期的作品是常浮现于人们脑海的手拿乌鸦的女人，这可能是毕加索最充满
30、抒情诗格调和神秘色彩的一部作品了。,参考译文C巴勃罗毕加索-从神童到绝对天才 4玫瑰红时期大约始于1904年，此时毕加索开始使用更加明亮的色彩，大部分绘画是粉色，米色，浅蓝色或是玫瑰红的。描绘的主题转向了马戏团里的人，滑稽角色，小丑，他们看起来不但不会说话而且还很不活跃。这一时期一部很重要的作品是于1905年开始创作的一维图画卖艺人家，刻画的是一群变得麻木的马戏团工人，他们不能很好地互相交流。,参考译文C巴勃罗毕加索-从神童到绝对天才 51905年毕加索在荷兰逗留了些日子，当他返回巴黎时，作品展现出很大气的古典主义风格，这些画从前面或侧面描绘了女性身体的轮廓，这一点很像他早期的作品。,参考译文
31、C巴勃罗毕加索-从神童到绝对天才 6从西班牙，非洲艺术和雕塑作品中，毕加索发现了古伊比利亚雕塑的痕迹。慢慢地，他把这些作品中所蕴含的简朴的风格融入了1906年创作完成的优秀之作格特鲁德斯坦因画像。她的那张好似带着面具的严肃的脸庞，在有限的创作空间里显得特别轮廓鲜明。这幅很独特的画像是毕加索从描绘他所见到所想的一个重要转变，也为他转向立体主义铺平了道路。,参考译文C 巴勃罗毕加索-从神童到绝对天才 7后来在1907年毕加索又创作了让人敬畏的亚威农少女，整个艺术界为之震动。毕加索自己对这幅画也有点畏惧，直到1916年，他才把它拿给一些朋友看，此时这幅早期立体主义作品已完成很久了。从本质上说，立体主
32、义是把三维作品分割成平面的图案和颜色，其中不乏重叠和交织，这样一来就能同时从前后看到人体解剖的整个轮廓和局部。这种风格是由毕加索和好友乔治布拉克共同开创的。有时他们的作品相像到连他们自己也很难快速分辨出哪幅画是自己的。,参考译文C巴勃罗毕加索-从神童到绝对天才 8每一个进步画家，不管他是法国，德国，比利时还是美国人，都会迅速接受立体主义，这种风格至少在20世纪上半叶占了主导地位。在漫长的绘画生涯中，毕加索创作了很多立体主义的作品。1912年在巴黎的毕加索博物馆他创作了藤椅静物，这是一幅符合透视法要求的椭圆形的作品，刻画的是一张由绳子围起来的咖啡桌，这是通过把原有材料拼合在一起而形成的第一幅拼贴
33、画。这种把材料粘贴到某个表面上而创作出来的作品与用同种材料画出来的形成了鲜明对比，对观众来说就会有一种很复杂的顿时恍然大悟的感觉。其中一个很好的例子是1913年创作的吉他。毕加索的那些体现了成熟的合成立体主义风格的作品中，成就最高的当属那两幅很精细华美地刻画了音乐家的作品。从1914年起毕加索开始为芭蕾舞剧设计舞台背景和服装。20世纪20年代他又转向多彩的古典风格，创作出让人叹为观止的素描作品。1925至1935年是他创作的超现实主义时期，此后又重返古典主义。,参考译文C 巴勃罗毕加索-从神童到绝对天才9世界大战期间毕加索生活在巴黎，创作了一些格调低沉的半抽象主义作品，其中很多刻画的是人的头盖
34、骨，被剥皮的动物和令人胆战心惊的停尸房。此后他又热情地投入雕塑，陶艺和版画作品的创作。无论毕加索画什么，作品里都闪耀着绝对天才的光芒。,Writing exampleThe founder of cubism,Pablo Picasso is one of the most creative and influential figure in western contemporary art.Different from miserable and impoverished Van Gogh,Picasso was the first artist witnessing his own wor
35、ks being collected into Louvre Museum-a place housing thousands of masterpieces of art.Being a productive painter,Picasso has left us more than twenty thousand works,many of which have long before become household names such as Les Demoiselles dAvignon.In his long career,the great painter has soaked
36、 up the pick of various genres.Picasso has always immerged himself in depicting what he observes and thinks.The changeable styles of Picassos works have something to do with his unstable life.Full of ups and downs,the painters personal life has seldom bored him with its dullness.Picasso tends to fal
37、l in love easily and thus has involved himself in several love affairs.Usually his partners would act as his models for some time and enabled him to be inspired constantly.Although Picasso has adopted various techniques in painting,his sense of freedom has been with him all the time.Never has his mi
38、nd been constrained by certain rules of art creation.Picassos greatness lies in both his devotion to the renovations in art and his concern to the life of common people.He shows great sympathy for the lower class people.He has ever created a painting entitled the Pigeon of Peace for UN so as to stre
39、ngthen the friendship of all nations and since then the pigeon has become a symbol of peace.Due to Picassos peerless contribution to the world of art,he ranked No.1 among the top ten greatest artists in 20th century.Time will testify that he does deserve this reputation.,Pablo Picasso,毕加索（18811973）出
40、生在西班牙，是当代西方最有创造性和影响最深远的艺术家，他和他的画在世界艺术史上占据了不朽的地位。,Manet,马奈(1832-1883)，法国印象主义画派中的著名画家，成就主要体现在人物画方面，第一个将印象主义的光和色彩带进了人物画，开创了印象主义画风。代表作有草地上的午餐、奥林匹亚、埃米尔左拉像。,Gustave Courbet,居斯塔夫库尔贝（18191877），法国画家，写实主义的代表人物。作品有奥尔南午饭后的休息、采石工人、乡村姑娘、筛麦妇、浴女。,Toulouse-Lautrec,图卢兹劳特雷克(18641901)，自幼身有残疾，因而发育不全。在巴黎学画期间，结识贝尔纳、梵高，深受德
41、加绘画题材和技巧的影响。和同时代许多画家一样，他十分喜爱浮世绘版画。他的不少作品题材，取自周围的生活，描绘资产阶级沙龙、咖啡店、夜总会、妓院的生活场面。他善于用精练的笔触，用鲜明的大块色彩对比组织画面，刻画人物性格。作品有红磨坊舞会、在咖啡馆里、洗衣女等。,红磨坊舞会,Cubism,立体主义，西方现代艺术史上的一个运动和流派，二十世纪初，由乔治布拉克与帕布洛毕加索等创立。立体主义的艺术家追求碎裂、解析、重新组合的形式，形成分离的画面。立体主义以全新的方式展现事物，从几个角度去观察，把正面不可能看到的几个侧面都用并列或重叠的方式表现出来。,The Blue Period,蓝色时期（1900至19
42、04年），毕加索当时的生活条件很差，又受到德加、雅西尔与劳特累克画风的影响，加上在西班牙受教育时染上的西班牙式的忧伤主义，这时期的作品弥漫着一片阴沉抑郁的蓝色。,the Spanish poet Casagemas,西班牙诗人卡萨吉马斯，生于名门望族（其父是美国驻巴塞罗那领事），他曾出资与毕加索共同创办了一家画室。后因爱情遭遇不幸而自杀。,The Rose Period,玫瑰红时期，这时毕加索的经济已好转，生活比以前愉快，绘画主色调变为轻快的粉红；绘画对象亦由蓝色时期的乞丐、瘦弱小孩和悲戚妇女转向街头艺人、杂耍艺人及风华正茂的女孩。,Iberian,伊比利亚人，是西班牙南部和东部的史前民族之一
43、，以后此名字也意指整个伊比利半岛。从西元前8世纪至前6世纪，塞尔特人大量迁往西班牙北部和中部，渗入了葡萄牙和加利西亚地区，却没有触及南部和东部青铜时代的原住民伊比利亚人。伊比利亚人曾开创了独特的文明，在农作物栽培和金属加工技艺方面都颇具声望，特别是他们有自己的铸币和文字体系。,Les Demoiselles dAvignon,亚威农少女，五个裸女的色调以蓝色背景来映衬，背景也作了任意分割，没有远近的感觉，人物是由几何形体组合而成的。,the Picasso Museum,世界上有两座毕加索博物馆，一座在巴黎，另一座在巴塞罗那。巴塞罗那毕加索博物馆是一间建于15世纪的优美宅邸，它有着幽静的庭院、
44、华丽的墙壁和窗棂。馆中藏有毕加索及其他一些画家的作品。该馆是一栋14世纪建筑物，虽然道路窄小外观也不起眼，收藏却很丰富。这里曾是毕加索的寓所，在此可以一睹其少年时期的作品。,Synthetic Cubist style,合成（综合）立体主义，画家们将不同状态及不同视点所观察到的对象，集中地表现于单一的平面上，造成一个总体经验的效果。合成的立体主义不再从解剖分析一定的对象着手，而是利用多种不同素材的组合去创造一个新的主题，并且采用实物拼贴的手法，试图使艺术家接近生活中平凡的真实。,the Ballet Russe,芭蕾舞剧，由舞蹈演员身着剧装在音乐伴奏下表演的戏剧，是综合音乐、美术、舞蹈于同一舞
45、台空间的戏剧艺术形式。起源于文艺复兴时期的意大利，后传入法国并获得极大发展。最初的法国芭蕾舞剧音乐不仅有器乐，还有歌唱和朗诵，因此可看作是歌剧的前身。19世纪中叶以后出现大量优秀的芭蕾舞剧音乐，如柴可夫斯基的天鹅湖、斯特拉文斯基的火鸟等。,Surrealism,超现实主义，在1922年前后，在达达派艺术内部，产生了超现实主义，对整个欧美影响巨大的现代画派。超现实主义画家强调梦幻与现实的统一才是绝对的真实，因此，力图把生与死，梦境与现实统一起来，具有神秘、恐怖、怪诞等特点。代表画家有米罗、达利、恩斯特、马格里特、伊夫唐吉、保尔.德尔沃、马森克利等人。,Classicism,古典主义，17世纪至19世纪流行于欧洲各国的一种文化思潮和艺术倾向。提倡典雅崇高的题材，庄重单纯的形式，强调理性而轻视情感，强调素描与严谨的外表、贬低色彩与笔触的表现，追求构图的均衡与完整，努力使作品产生一种古代的静穆而严峻的美。在技巧上，古典主义绘画强调精确的素描技术和柔妙的明暗色调，并注重使形象造型呈现出雕塑般的简练和概括，追求一种宏大的构图方式和庄重的风格、气魄。,
