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1、宾语从句复习三要点,重庆市铝城中学 廖小康,要点一：宾语从句的引导词,.当宾语从句是由陈述句变化而来时，该从句通常由that引导。此时that没有具体意义，口语中可以省略。例如：Im sure.You have seen that book before.（合并句子）,Im sure(that)you have seen that book before.,2.当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时，用连词if或whether引导，意思为“是否”，表示选择。例如：Could you tell us?Will he really come here?（合并句子）,Could you tell us
2、if/whether he will really come here?,注意：if 和whether在引导宾语从句时，一般可以互换，但下列四种情况中只能用whether，而不能用if。,1）当和or not 一起使用时。例如：We didnt know whether or not she was ready.我们不知道她是否已做好准备。,2）宾语从句用作介词宾语时。例如：I am interested in whether he joined the army.我对他是否参军了很感兴趣。,3）当宾语从句移到句首表示强调时。例如：Whether this is true or not,Im
3、not sure.这是否真实，我不敢肯定。,4)连词处于动词不定式前，用whether而不用if。例如：We decided whether to walk there.,3.当宾语从句由特殊疑问句变化而来时，则用该特殊疑问词来引导宾语从句。例如：Could you tell me?Where is the nearest post office?（合并句子）,Could you tell me Where the nearest post office is?,注意：连接词作定语时，和它所修饰的词是不可以分开的。例如：What time,which room,how many people等
4、。例如：I dont know how many people there are in the room.,要点二：宾语从句的语序,宾语从句一律用陈述句语序。不论从句由哪个引导词引导，也不论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句的结构均为“引导词+主语+谓语+其他成分”。（任何动词不得超越到主语之前去。）,例：1.We dont know when they will arrive.2.Could you tell me which way we must take to get to the museum?,要点三：宾语从句的时态（有三条规则）,1.如果主句是祈使句或是一般现在时或一般将来时态，宾语
5、从句可根据句意选择任何一种时态。例如：,1).Do you know who he was talking with at eight last night?2).Please tell me how many pictures they have drawn.3).Mary says she will come back soon.,2.如果主句是一般过去时，则宾语从句常用表示过去的任意时态。例如：,1).He said that he was a cleaner.2).I knew she had cleaned the house already.,3.如果宾语从句表达的是客观事实、真理
6、、自然现象、名言、谚语等时，主句即使使用了过去时，宾语从句仍然用一般现在时。例如：,1).He said(that)time is money.2).Our teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.3).She said that one and one makes two.,1.The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)2.Tom says that they _(play)basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.3.I hea
7、r they _(return)it already.4.He asked what they _ at eight last night.(do)5.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948.(be),Exercise,goes,were playing,have returned,were doing,had been,6.The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound.(travel)7.I think you _ about the relay race n
8、ow.(talk)8.I didnt know whom the letters _ from.(be)9.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be),travels,are talking,were,will be,一类常考的宾语从句试题,请看这三道中考试题:例1.I dont know when he _.When he _,Ill let you know.(2004 江苏)A.comes;comes B.will come;comesC.comes;will come D.will come;will come,B,解析：例1中包含有宾语从句和条件
9、状语从句，前一句为宾语从句，后一句为时间状语从句。在宾语从句中，当主句为一般现在时，从句可根据句意采用任何时态，故第一空应填将来时；第二句是一个由when引导的时间状语从句，主句为将来时态，从句应该用一般现在时态，故答案为B。,例2.I dont know _ he will come tomorrw._ he comes,Ill tell you.(2005江苏)A.if;Whether B.whether;Whether C.if;That D.if;If,解析：例中，前一句是宾语从句，用if和whether均可，但后一句为条件状语从句，只能用if，故答案为D。,D,例3.I dont k
10、now if he _.He will come if it _.(2004安徽)A.comes;wont rain B.will come;doesnt rain C.comes;doesnt rain D.will come;wont rain,解析：例中，前一句是if引导的宾语从句，根据意思判断应为将来时，后一句是条件状语从句，主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时，故答案为B.,B,在中考试题中，对宾语从句的考查主要体现在三个方面：连词、语序和时态。近年来对状语从句和宾语从句的混合考查更加频繁，要注意综合分析。下面还有五道模拟中考题，大家做做看。,1.I want to know if the
11、y_ the spring sports meeting next month.If they _ it,I must get ready for it.A.hold;will hold B.will hold;hold C.hold;hold D.will hold;will hold,B,2.Excuse me,sir,could you tell me_?A.where I can find the toilet B.where can I find the toilet C.where do I find the toilet D.the toilet is where,3.Could
12、 you tell me _?Yes,They _ to the library.A.Where are the twins;have been B.Where were the twins;have gone C.Where were the twins;have been D.Where the twins were;have gone,A,D,4.Do you know_?Yes,he came here on a train.A.when he came here B.if he will come here C.why he came here D.how he came here,5.Father asked Edison_doing that for.A.how he was B.what he was C.Why was he D.where he was,D,B,宾语从句巧记歌,学习宾从三注意：时态语序连接词。时态主从要呼应，运用当中应切记；主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意；主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去；语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句；that连接陈述句，省与不省没关系；从句若表是否时，if,whether均可以；特殊问句作宾语，仍用原来疑问词；三个问题须牢记。切莫丢东忘了西。,See you next time!,
