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1、echo 主讲,小升初阅读理解,阅读理解定义,阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的一孔之见。所以统览全片和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文中中的一些重要细节。在统览全篇的同时要注意要点的摘录，因为一些显性的答案是可以从要点中直接回答，而隐性的答案则是要通过全篇的理解才能得出。统览全片、摘录要点亦有利于检查时节省时间。,解题方法,1、分门别类识别问题2、统览全篇摘录要点3、开通脑筋推测词意5、根据构词法猜测词意6、用知识和生活经验理解短文7、条分缕析理解长句,记叙文,记叙文阅读主要抓四大要素：时间、地点、人物、和事件的起因、发
2、展和结果。人物之间的关系、表现，从中分析他们的思想品质、性格特征等，也需要掌握,议论文,议论文是阐明作者对人或事好坏的立场观点，因此在阅读理解时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据，理清论证思路，再进行逻辑推理得出结论。,应用文,应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简历，形式多样，题材各异。如：图示、表格、地址、网址等。对这类问题的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。,练习一,The students were having their chemistry class.Miss Li was telling the children what water was
3、like.After that,she asked her students,Whats water?No one answeredMiss Li asked again，Why dont you answer my question？Didnt I tell you what water is like？,Just then a boy put up his hand and said，Miss Li，you told us that water has no color and no smellBut where to find such kind of water？The water i
4、n the river behind my house is always black and it has a bad smellMost of the children agreed with him,Im sorry，childrensaid the teacher，Our water is getting dirtier and dirtierThats a problem1The students were having their _ classAEnglish BChinese Cchemistry Dmath,2Miss Li was telling the children
5、what _ was like.Awater Bair Cearth Dweather3A boy said，The water in the river behind my house is always _Awhite Bblack Cclean Dclear4Most of the children _ the boyAagreed with Bwrote toCheard from Dsent for5The water in the river has color and smell because it is getting _Amore and more Bless and le
6、ssCcleaner and cleaner Ddirtier and dirtier,练习二,Jim is an English boy.He comes to China with his father and mother.They come here to work.Jim comes here to study.He is in No.5 Middle School.He gets up early every day.He isnt late for school.He studies hard.He can read English well.He often helps us
7、with our English,and we often help him with his Chinese.,After class he likes playing football,swimming,running,jumping and riding.He makes many friends here.We are glad to stay with him.On Sunday he often helps his mother clean the house,mend something or do the shopping.He likes Chinese food very
8、much.He likes living here.He likes Chinese students very much.We all like him,too.,根据短文内容，判断以下句子的正误。对的在括号内填 T,错的填 F.()1.He gets up late every day.()2.He often teaches us English.()3.After class,he likes singing and playing basketball.()4.On Sunday he often helps his mother clean the house.()5.He doe
9、snt like Chinese food.,动词过去式变化规则,1.一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked2.结尾是e加d,如：taste-tasted3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed,如：stop-stopped4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i,再加-ed,如：study-studied5.不规则动词过去式：,am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-ggave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-at
10、e,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat,重读闭音节,单个元音字母后面有辅字母（r 除外）且以辅音字母结尾的重读音节。就是一个元音字母后跟一个或几个辅音字母的单词。闭音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音 例如：bad，bed，sit，hot，cup;b)元音+辅音 例如 it、of;c)元音+多个辅音 例如：egg，fish。重读音节指的是单词中读音特别响亮的音节。,名词复数规则,1
11、、一般情况下，直接加-s,如：book-books，cat-cats,bed-beds2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾，加-es,如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i，再加-es,如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v，再加-es,如：knife-knives5.不规则名词复数：,man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-m
12、ice,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,练习三-Mothers Day,Hello，boys and girls.Do you know Mothers Day?Mothers Day is a holiday for mothers,It is on the second Sunday in May.It is celebrated in the UK.the USA,Sweden(瑞典)and other countries.,On
13、the day,fathers and children make the breakfast,mothers dont work,and many people give flowers and cards to their mothers.Mothers Day began on the 10th May 1908 in the USA.The idea of a day for mothers was first given by Anna Jarvis of the USA.She wanted people to spend one day saying thanks to thei
14、r mothers.Soon the holiday became popular around the country and the world.,However,in 1923,Anna wanted to stop Mothers Day.Because she didnt like the way people chose to celebrate it.She wanted people to spend more time telling their mothers that they love them and spend less money buying things.,1
15、.Mothers Day is on_.A.the second Sunday in May B.the second Saturday in May C.May the second D.The 8th May 19232.Where did people celebrate Mothers Day first?A.People first celebrated it in EnglandB.People first celebrated it in USAC.People first celebrated it in England,America,Sweden and other cou
16、ntriesD.People first celebrated it in Sweden,3.Why did Anna want to stop Mothers Day?A.Because she didnt want to be a famous womanB.Because she didnt like the way people chose to celebrate itC.Because she didnt mothersD.Because she didnt have money to buy presents4.The idea of _ for mothers was firs
17、t siven by Anna Jarvis.A.a child B.a week C.a day D.a flower,5.Saying thanks to their mothers means _.A.Ask their fathers to spend a lot of money for their mothersB.Ask their mothers to have a restC.Spend much money buying presents for their mothersD.Spend some time telling mothers that they love th
18、em,大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国,The United Kingdom of Great British Isles and Northern Ireland,大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成，是一个位于欧洲西北面大不列颠群岛的君主立宪制国家。始于英格兰王国故简称英国，1536年与威尔士合并，1707年与苏格兰合并，1801年与爱尔兰合并,美利坚合众国（United States of America）,瑞典王国(The Kingdom of Sweden),练习四,Have you ever been to Beijing,our capital?Its f
19、ar away from Guangzhou.Its 2,478kilometers from Beijing to Guangzhou.The city of Kunming is 1,706 kilometers away from Guangzhou.Its always warm there.But its very hot in summer in Wuhan,which is 1,225 kilometers away from Guangzhou.Changsha is near Guangzhou.,Its 833 kilometers from Changsha to Gua
20、ngzhou.Do you know which city is the biggest in China?Its Shanghai.Its 1,780 kilometers from Guangzhou to Shanghai.If you travel by air,youll find it very interesting and fast enough to fly from Guangzhou to Beijing.,It only takes you about four hours and youll get there easily,safely and unhurriedl
21、y.But traveling by train is quite different.You have to stay on the train for more then thirty hours to arrive in Beijing.More and more people like to travel by air.You can see why,cant you?,1.If you have been to Beijing,our capital,youll know_.A.its not far away from all the other cities in China.B
22、.You have to travel long y land from Guangzhou to Beijing C.Its not far away from us all.D.Its not far away from Guangzhou,2.From the passage we know _has the longest way to Guangzhou except Shanghai.A.Wuhan B.Changsha C.Beijing D.Kunming 3.Which is wrong?A.Wuhan is very hot in summer.B.Its warm in
23、winter in Guangzhou.C.Its as warm in winter in Kunming as Beijing.D.Its 1,225 kilometres from Wuhan to Guangzhou.,4.Which is right?A.Kunming is 2.478 kilometres away from Beijing.B.Its 833 kilometers away from Guangzhou to Changsha.C.Beijing is the hottest city in China.D.Guangzhou is the biggest ci
24、ty in China.5.Why do more and more people in China like to travel by air?Because _ A.It is faster and more interesting than by train.B.Chinese people like planes.C.Traveling by train is much cheaper D.It is more expensive and faster than by train.,练习五,Its easier to downhill than to climb uphill,so i
25、ts easier to fall into bad habits than into good ones.Bad habits do not come suddenly.They come little by little without ones being aware of their danger.,Schoolboys first pick up little bad habits in school and on the street.When they cannot write their lessons,they copy from their schoolmates.If t
26、hey see bigger boys smoking,they also want to learn to smoke.If they see their friends gambling,they want to gamble.,When they get bigger,the habits become stronger and stranger,so that they can no longer get rid of them.From copying,they learn to steal;from gambling,they learn to cheat.At last they
27、 become distrusted by everyone.How necessary it is that we get rid of the bad habits at the beginning!Or they should overcome us in the end!,1.Bad habits dont come suddenly,do they?_.A Yes,they do B No,they dont C Yes,they dont D No,they do(考察反义疑问句)2.Some boy students fall into bad habits_.A in scho
28、ol B at homeC on the street D both A and C,3.The boys may steal from _.A copying B gambling C writing D their parent4.Its_ to fall into bad habits,but_ to get rid of them.A easy,hard B hard,easy C easy,easy D hard,hard5.The writer wants to tell us_.A to steal for money B to get rid of bad habits at
29、the beginning C to go uphill D A,B and C,辽宁省沈阳市小升初考题,A young mother and her little girl get on a bus and sit down,The bus conductor comes to ask them to buy the tickets.I want one ticket to Childrens Park.The conductor looks at the little girl and says to her，How old are you?The little girl answers,
30、Mother says I am four years old at home,but Iam two years old on the bus.The young mothers face turns very red.Then she buys a half ticket.,1.Where do they go?A.Home B.The park C.The bus2.How do they go there?A.By train B.On foot C.By bus3.Why is the mothers face red?A.she feels hot B.she is angryC.
31、she teaches her daughter to tell a lie4.How old is the little girl?A.2 B.3 C.45.Whats the meaning of the ticket?A.方便面 B.车票 C。饮料,北京市丰台区六年级毕业考题There are four seasons in a year,spring,summer,autumn and winter.March,April and May make the spring season.June,July and August make the summer season,Septemb
32、er,October and November make the autumn season.December,January and February make the winter season.,Summer is the hottest season ina a year,and winter is the coldest.Most of the girl like spring.When spring comes,they can go to parks and zoos to see all kinds of flowers and animals.But boys like wi
33、nter.In winter they go can go skating and fight with snowballs.I like summer.My birthday is in summer.I can eat ice cream and go swimming.Which season do you like?,（）1.There are five seasons in a year（）2.Summer is the hottest season in a year.（）3.Sepetember,October and November make the winter seaso
34、n.（）4.Children can go skating and fight with snowballs in autumn.（）5。My birthday is in January.,反义疑问句(The Disjunctive Question),附加疑问句。它表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。它表示提问人的看法，没有把握，需要对方证实。反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。,1陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式They work hard,dont they?2陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式 You didnt go
35、,did you?,attention，please！,反义疑问句中特殊表现形式1.陈述部分含有no,nothing,little,never,no where时反义问句用肯定形式Little has been done to prevent pollution,isnt it?2.陈述部分的主语是指人的不定代词时，（anyone，everyone，someone，anyone，everybody，somebody），反义问句中要用they代替。No one was injured in the accident,were they?,3.陈述部分的主语是指物的不定代词时（something，
36、anything，everything，nothing）反义问句要用it代替Eerything is ready,isnt it?4.陈述部分的谓语动词因加了否定前缀或后缀时，问句仍用否定形式。You dislike fat,dont you?,I think chickens can swim,cant they?I think Lucy is a good girl,isnt she?,5.当陈述部分是:I think,suppose,believe,except,imagine 加从句时，疑问句和从句的人称时态保持一致。,6.当陈述部分是祈使句时，疑问句要根据语气来表达,用will/sh
37、all Lets go out for a walk,shall we?Let us go our for a walk,will you?Turn on the radio,will you?,7.陈述部分有had better 时，疑问句应用hadnt开头：youd better get up early,hadnt you?,反义疑问句回答,1.前半部分为肯定形式，提问为否定形式，回答时就实事求是，是就说yes，不是就回答noshe is here，isnt she？yes，she is.（是的，她在）no，she isnt.（不是，她不在）,2.前半部分为否定形式，提问为肯定。回答也是实事求是，肯定的回答就说yes，否定回答就说noshe is not here，is she？yes，she is.（不，她在）no，she isnt.（是的，她不在）,由此可见，其实就根据实际情况回答就好了，不要刻意去想中文翻译就没问题了。千万别说了yes又否定，或者no后面接肯定。,谢谢观赏-echo,
