《确定词义表达得体.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《确定词义表达得体.ppt（71页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、第四章确定词义 表达得体（词义的处理）Meaning of Words and Phrases,一、确定词义 1、避免望文生义 2、注重词性 3、立足三“意”4、瞻前顾后 5、看词在句中的位置 二、表达得体,确定词义 表达得体,课堂互动1,课堂互动2,3,语言是艺术，是科学。说得好，说得巧，说得妙，说得恰如其分，可使人摆脱尴尬，提高品位，赢得赞赏；也可使人扭转局面，转败为胜，走向成功；还可救人性命，跳出苦海，远离灾难。,第四章确定词义 表达得体,4,搞翻译，要注意语言艺术和技巧。英语语言多彩，词汇丰富，意义广泛，情感不同。翻译一定要把语言和环境、语言和表达、语言和情感结合起来，注意词义的选择、
2、引申和褒贬这三个方面的问题。,5,run a car run a shop run oil run message run a fever run a computer run a meeting run chickens run arms run an advertisement,驾驶经营提炼传递发操作主持饲养运输刊登,Run的译法,6,head的译法：,1.head of the English Department 英语系主任 2.head of the government 政府首脑 3.head of the bed 床头 4.head of the staircase 楼梯顶端 5
3、.head of the needle 针尖,7,head的译法：,6.He was badly wounded in the head.他头部受了重伤。7.He has a good head for maths.他很有数学天分。8.You should use your head.你该动动脑子。9.The dinner cost us five dollars a head.这顿饭花了我们每人块钱。,8,head的译法：,10.He arranged his speech under five heads.他的演讲分为五个部分。11.We have thirty head of cattl
4、e.我们有三十头牛。12.Heads or tails?正面还是反面？13.Where is the head?厕所在哪？,9,poor的译法：,1.The cloth is poor in quality.这种布料质量很差。2.The water is poor in oxygen.这水缺氧。3.Her first concert had a poor audience.她的首场音乐会只有寥寥无几的听众。,10,poor的译法：,4.This to her was a poor consolation.这种安慰对她来说是不起作用的。5.In my poor opinion,you shoul
5、d let her go.以鄙人之见，你应该让她走。6.She was a poor sailor and always went to bed immediately on getting on the boat.她有晕船的毛病，所以总是一上船就上床睡觉。,11,练习1：run的译法,1.He will not be running in the next election.他不准备参加下届竞选。2.The train is not running today.那班火车今天停开。3.The film began to run.电影开映了。4.His face was running with
6、 sweat.他汗流满面。,12,run的译法,5.It was such a hot day that the butter ran.天气热得连黄油都融化了。6.The road runs north.这条路向北延伸。7.The rumor runs that he is going to resign.谣传他要辞职了。8.The monsoon had six weeks more to run.雨季还要持续六个星期。,13,run的译法,9.The car repair will run you at least two hundred.修车至少要花掉你两百元。10.The play r
7、an for only a week in that theatre.这部戏在那家剧院里只上演了一个星期。11.Potatoes are running large this year.今年土豆长得很大个。12.A freezer doesnt cost much to run.冰箱的使用花费不大。,14,练习2：live的译法,1.She needs to find somewhere to live.她需要找个住的地方。2.Where do these plates live?这些碟子放哪儿？3.Spiders can live for several days without food.
8、蜘蛛可以几天不吃东西还能存活。4.We saw a real live rattlesnake!我们看见了一条活生生的响尾蛇。,15,live的译法,5.The club has live music most nights.这个俱乐部大多数晚上都有现场演奏的音乐。6.The show is going on live.这场演出正在实况直播。7.Pollution is still very much a live issue.污染仍然是目前非常让人关注的问题。8.This is a live and interesting book.这是一本生动有趣的书。,16,练习3：like的译法,1.
9、He likes mathematics more than physics.他喜欢数学甚于物理学。2.Bananas dont like me.我吃了香蕉肚子不舒服。（香蕉不适我的肠胃。）3.It tastes like a mango.其味如芒果。4.Like charges repel;unlike charges attract.相同的电荷相斥，不同的电荷相吸。,17,like的译法,5.Like knows like.英雄识英雄。（惺惺相惜）6.Like attracts like.物以类聚。（臭味相投）7.Like cures like.以毒攻毒。8.Ill see you lik
10、e on Thursday.我可能在星期四见你。,18,练习4：last的译法,1.He is the last man to come.他是最后来的。2.He is the last man to do it.他决不会干那种事。3.He is the last person for such a job.他最不配干这个工作。4.He should be the last man to blame.怎么也不应该怪他。,19,last的译法,5.This is the last place where I expected to meet you.真没想到在这里见到你。6.This is the
11、 last place where I want to meet you.最不想在这里见到你。7.He was a senator of the last Congress.他是上届国会的议员。8.She is the last wife in the world for a farmer.她最不适合做农民的妻子。,20,last的译法,13.I hope Ive seen the last of her.我希望以后都不要再见到她。14.These colors wont last if exposed to the sun.这些颜色在阳光暴晒下会变浅。15.This is a book th
12、at will last.这是一本有生命力的书。（这将是一本传世之作）16.This money wont last me a whole week.这钱不够我用一个星期。,21,练习5：“情况”的译法,1.在这种情况下 under such circumstances2.这种情况必须改变。This state of affairs must be changed.3.现在情况不同了。Now things are different.4.他们的情况怎么样？How do matters stand with them?,22,“情况”的译法,5.前线有什么情况？How is the situat
13、ion at the front?6.可是在其他地方，情况却完全两样了。However it is quite another story in other places.7.我们可能去那儿，但得看情况而定。We may go there,but it all depends.8.前面有情况，准备战斗。Theres enemy activity ahead.Prepare for combats.,23,奇妙的英语词汇，由26个字母组成，竟洋洋洒洒，浩浩荡荡，有百万之众。英语词典就像是一座词汇仓库，每一个词（汇）释义众多，就像是丰富的货堆，让人眼花缭乱。一词多义、一义多词和一词多类的现象很多，
14、确定词汇意思，既靠能力，又靠眼力。,一、确定词义,24,受原文表层语法结构的影响和字面意思的束缚，对约定俗成、固定搭配、成语等易产生望文生义的错误。,1、避免望文生义,25,例1：the School of the Air【误】空军学校【正】广播学校,26,例2：Thats a tall story about the towns high street.有关这城主街的说法实在令人难以置信。,例3：The die is cast.木已成舟。,27,例4：“I will teach him to deceive others,”he said.【误】他说，“我要教他去欺骗别人。”【正】他说，“我
15、要告诫他不要骗人。”,28,例5：Stop selling me to him.【误】不要把我卖给他。【正】别在他面前夸我。,29,例6：She has given heart to him.【误】她爱上了他。【正】她鼓励了他。,30,例7：He didnt speak for long.【误】他很久没有说话了。【正】他说话时间不长。,31,例8：I bought a tape-recorder for a song.【误】我买一台录音机来听唱歌。【正】我廉价买了一台录音机。,32,课堂互动1：哪句译文正确,1.My dogs are killing me.A我的狗要咬死我了。B我的双脚疼死我
16、了。答案B 2.The doctor said to me,“That patient may die of cancer,for all I care.”医生对我说，“无论我如何照料他，那病人恐怕会死于癌症”。医生对我说，“那个病人可能会死于癌症。”答案B,33,3She can speak French after a fashion.A她追求时髦，会说法语。B她能说一点法语。答案B 4We cannot pay too high a price for our national security.A我们不能为了国家的安全而花太大的代价。B为了国家的安全花再大的代价也值得。答案B,课堂互动
17、1：哪句译文正确,34,课堂互动1：哪句译文正确,5.Everything doesnt cause cancer.A任何东西都不致癌。B并非所有东西都致癌。答案B。6.Although our country is economically better off than ever before,it has a way to go.虽然我国的经济比以前有所前进，今后仍有很长的路要走。B.尽管我国的经济情况比以前有所好转，但仍有待进一步发展。答案B。,35,根据其主要词性、语法作用、词与词的搭配等来选择词义，用最恰当词汇表达再现原文。,2、注重词性,36,例1：Millet made a p
18、ortrait of Lady Chesterfield,which flattered her.【译文】米利特给柴斯特菲尔德贵妇人画了一幅像，这幅像很美，简直超过了她本人。,A.动词(Verbs),37,例2：There is no need for you to worry;if anything goes wrong it is I who will have to face the music.【译文】你没有必要担心，如果有什么差错，我来承担后果。,38,a)英语中有很多抽象名词，或由形容词、动词或名词加上词尾构成的抽象名词，用来表示动作、状态、性质、人物的特征、具体的实例或抽象概念，
19、翻译时可以具体化。,B.名词(Nouns),39,例1：Her grace was a delight.【译文】她风度优雅,很讨人喜欢。例2：There was a pleasant freshness of spring everywhere.【译文】处处洋溢着春色宜人的清新气息。,40,例3：You might well have spared yourself the trouble.【译文】你大可不必多此一举。,小节结束,41,例4：At the same time,inequality has become worse,poverty has increased absolutely
20、.【译文】同时贫富不均的现象变得更加严重，贫穷者的绝对数增加了。,42,例1：Jane used to be ill,but shes as right as rain now.【译文】珍妮曾经有病，可现在身体很好。,C.形容词、副词(Adjectives&Adverbs),翻译形容词时可添加或重复形容词所修饰的主体名词，翻译副词时可添加修饰谓语动词的程度副词。,43,例2：Im quite well able to take care of myself.【译文】我完全能照顾我自己。例3：He laughed shallowly.【译文】他勉强笑了一下。,小节结束,44,介词（短语）或译为动
21、词，或译为名词，或译为形容词，还可译为句子。,D.介词短语(Prepositional Phrases),45,例3：He was at once a soldier and a writer.【误】他立即成为一个军人和一位作家了。【正】他是一个军人，同时又是一个作家。,小节结束,46,例2：Because he has caught cold he is not at home today.【误】他因为感冒了，所以今天不在家。【正】他今天感冒了，不能接见客人。,47,例1：I went to my medical man when I fancy Im ill.He is an old ch
22、um of mine,and feels my pulse,and looks at my tongue,talks about the weather,all for nothing.【译文】我觉得自己生病了，就去找我的医生，他是我的一个老朋友，他给我把脉、看舌头、还和我谈论天气，不收我一分钱。,48,3、立足三“意”,每一个词汇都有：基本意义（basic meaning）衍生意义（derivative meaning）搭配意义（collocative meaning）,49,例1：kill1）They killed a bottle of whisky between them.【译文】他
23、们两人喝完了一瓶威士忌酒。2）He killed ten good years on that job.【译文】他在那件工作上浪费了整整10年。3）Her bright red hat killed the quiet colour of her dress.【译文】她戴着一顶红色的帽子，这和她一身的素装很不相称。4）These flowers kill easily.【译文】这些花很容易枯死。5）The funny play nearly killed me.【译文】这出有趣的戏几乎把我笑死。,50,6）That bus ride every day kills off all of my
24、energy.【译文】每天坐那趟公共汽车使我筋疲力尽。7）This carpet kills the sound of footsteps.【译文】这条地毯听不到脚步声。8）The bill was killed in the House.【译文】议案在议会被否决了。9）That has killed her affection.【译文】那件事使她的感情变冷淡了。10）Care killed a cat.【译文】忧虑伤身谚语,51,例2：sight1)It cost him a sight of trouble.【译文】那件事给他招来一大堆麻烦。2)I know him only by sig
25、ht.【译文】我跟他只是面熟。3)He fell in love with her at first sight.【译文】他对她一见钟情。4)The next election was already in sight.【译文】下届选举已经临近。5)Take a careful sight before firing.【译文】瞄准之后再射击。,52,6)I have lost sight of my old friend for many years.【译文】我已多年未得到老友的音讯。7)The Great Wall in China is one of the sights of the w
26、orld.【译文】中国长城是世界名胜之一。8)The Statue of Liberty is a noble sight.【译文】自由神像是一个宏伟的景物。9)It is worth a long sight more than that.【译文】这个比那个价值高的多。10)Do what is right in your own sight.【译文】做你认为对的事。,53,“瞻前”指看词的前缀，“顾后”指看词的后缀，即观察派生词的词义。派生词由词根、前缀、后缀组成，这是“扩大词汇的三把钥匙”。,4、瞻前顾后,54,例1：pure1)Pure water is useful.【译文】纯净水有
27、用。2)This is purely water.【译文】这不过是水。3)Purify the water before drinking it.【译文】请将水净化后饮用。4)Purified water is useful.【译文】净化了的水有用。,55,例2:like1）All music is alike to Tom.【译文】汤姆不懂音乐。2）That,I think,is hardly likely.【译文】我想那不大可能。3）Mans life is often likened to sea voyage.【译文】人生常被比作海上航行。4）His likeness to his b
28、rother was remarkable.【译文】他长像酷似他兄弟。5）Things cannot be always to ones liking.【译文】事情不会总是称心如意的。6）Like likes like.【译文】物以类聚。,小节结束,56,5、看词在句中的位置,确定词义要看词在句子中的位置，前后的“邻居”等，位置改变，意思随之而改变，邻居不同，词义不同。,57,例1：only 1)He only loves her.【译文】他只是爱她。2）He loves her only.【译文】他只爱她（他爱的只是她）。3）Only he loves her.【译文】只有他爱她。4）He
29、loves his only wife.【译文】他爱他惟一的妻子。,58,例2：naturally1)They are behaving naturally.【译文】他们举止自然。2)Naturally,they are behaving well.【译文】当然，他们表现很好。3)She is naturally gentle.【译文】她天生就温柔。,59,例3：happily1)He did not die happily.【译文】他死得不安心。2)Happily,he did not die.【译文】庆幸的是，他没死。,60,例4：foolishly1)He always spoke fo
30、olishly.【译文】他一向不善于言谈。2)Foolishly he spoke at that moment.【译文】他在那一刻开口说话，真是愚蠢。,61,例5：quite properly 1)Quite properly he was punished.【译文】他受处分是理所当然的。2)He was punished quite properly.【译文】他受到了恰当的处分。,62,例6：rather1)He is a rather foolish fellow.【译文】他这家伙有点笨。2)He is rather a foolish fellow.【译文】说他是个笨蛋更为恰当。,63
31、,确定词义重要，表达得体同样重要。注意文字表达的分寸和褒贬。表达要合乎语言的习惯用法。,二、表达得体,64,例1：油漆未干 Wet Paint.,例2：前面施工 Workmen ahead.,例3：谢绝参观 Visitors Declined.,65,例4：禁止停车 No Parking.,例5：禁止拍照 Cameras Forbidden.,例6：禁止打猎 Shooting Prohibited.,66,例7：小心台阶 Watch your step.,例8：非请莫入 No Admittance Except on Invitation.,例9：员工专用 Staff Only.,67,课堂互
32、动2：翻译下列句子,注意go的基本意义、衍生意义、搭配意义,1)The sales of the book went deeply into the millions.【译文】那本书销售达好几百万册。2)He is four going on five.【译文】他四岁多，快五岁了。,68,课堂互动2：翻译下列句子,注意go的基本意义、衍生意义、搭配意义,3)A pound does not go far these days.【译文】目前一英镑买不到多少东西了。4)Ill give you 50,but I cant go any further.【译文】我可以给你50英镑，但不能再多了。5)
33、This will go a long way towards world peace.【译文】这对世界和平将起很大作用。,69,6)A fine appearance and comfort do not usually go together.【译文】中看并不一定中用。7)She has the qualities which go to the making of a good teacher.【译文】她具有一个优秀教师所必需的素质。,课堂互动2：翻译下列句子,注意go的基本意义、衍生意义、搭配意义,70,8)A foreign language will go far towards widening our mental horizon.【译文】外语会大大帮助我们开阔思想境界。9)What he says goes.【译文】他说了算。10)He made a promise and then went back on it.【译文】他许下了诺言，但没有兑现。,课堂互动2：翻译下列句子,注意go的基本意义、衍生意义、搭配意义,71,Thank you for sharing!,
