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1、Unit 9Grammar Vocabulary,I.GrammarLanguage focus P147 一般过去时的被动语态 概念：被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。在以下三种情况下，常用被动语态。1）强调动作的承受者，而不强调施动者。2）不必提及施动者。3）不知道施动者。详见书本P148,eg.1)Was the song composed by a soldier?这首歌是由一名士兵创作的吗?2)Such books were written for children.以前这种书是儿童读物。3)We were shown the machines they had turned out.
2、他们让我们参观了他们生产的机器。,Language focus P151 构词法（详见P151）,Language focus P153 对主语和宾语提问的疑问词 1）疑问代词 who 在疑问词中充当主语，对主语提问不用助动词。形式：who+谓语动词+其它成分?2）疑问代词 what/whom在疑问词中充当宾语，对宾语提问要用助动词。形式：what+助动词+动词原形+其它成分?,eg.1)Who left?谁离开了?2)Who gave you that book?谁给你的那本书？3)What are you having for dinner?你晚饭吃什么?4)What did she sa
3、y?她说什么了?5)Whom did you meet in the street yesterday?昨天你在街上遇见了谁?,Language focus P156动名词 概念：1）动名词具有名词的功能，可以起相当于名词的作用。2）它与其它动词非谓语形式一样，也具有动词的某些特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语，并可同它的宾语、状语等一起构成动名词短语。形式：动词原形 ing,动名词的句法作用 1.作主语 A)动名词作主语也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而把动名词短语置于后部。这种用法通常见于：Its no use(useless,no good,nice,fun等)+-ing，或There is n
4、o use+-ing。B)动名词和不定式作主语在意义上有一定的差别:通常动名词泛指一般动作，而不定式表示具体动作。,eg.1)Traveling by train is more comfortable than by bus.与汽车相比，乘火车更舒适。2)It is no use talking so much about this.这种事多说也无济于事。,动名词和不定式的区别1)Selling old houses is difficult.卖老房子是困难的。(泛指一般动作)2)To sell my old house is difficult.把我的老房子卖出去是很难的。(谈论一个特定的
5、动作),2.作宾语和介词的宾语(有些动词后面只能接动名词作宾语，不能接动词不定式。例如：suggest,avoid,enjoy,admit,mind,consider)eg.1)The boys avoided fighting.男孩子们避免了斗殴。2)He suggested going out for a walk.他建议出去走走。3)She is good at telling lies.她很会撒谎。4)Before driving any of the buses,they will have to pass a special test.在驾驶公共汽车前,他们必须通过专门测验。,连词
6、 If 引导的真实条件，概念：1)条件状语表示“如果，那么”，这种条件是可以实现的。2)if 引导的从句位于主句之前时，要用逗号。在主句之后则不用逗号。3)如果条件状语是将来时,只能用一般现在时表示。形式：从句：If 主语+谓语（一般现在时），主句：主语+will/wont（情态动词）+动词 原形,eg.1)You may stay here if you keep quiet.如果你保持安静你可以待在这儿。2)If I have time,Ill go to the meeting together with you.如果我有空，我将和你一起去开会。3)If that is true,wha
7、t should we do?假设那是真的我们该怎么办呢?4)She will play the piano only if she is paid.只有付给她报酬，她才愿意演奏钢琴,II.Vocabulary Activity 1 in honor of=in ones honor 为了（纪念或表示敬意而举行某活动）eg.I have cooked a special meal in honor of our visitors.我做了一道特殊的菜向我们的来客表示敬意。2)A memorial meeting was held in his honor.举办了纪念会以悼念他。,worth pr
8、op./a.1)价值的，顶得上 eg.1)This is a car worth$20，000.价值2万美元的一辆小汽车。2)How much is this toy worth?That toy is worth little.这玩具值多少钱？这个玩具不值钱。3)A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。,compete for v.to strive with another or others to attain a goal(和)争夺；力争获取 eg.1)He was clever enough to compete
9、for the mathematics scholarship.他很聪明，完全能获得数学奖学金。2)These young men compete for the silver medal.这些年轻人争夺银牌。,name v.to give a name to:给以名字：eg.1)We named the child after both grandparents.我们以孩子祖父母的名字给他取名。2)The boy was named George after his uncle.那孩子随他舅父的名子取名乔治。,represent v.to stand for;symbolize:代表代表；象
10、征：eg.1)The bald eagle represents the United States.秃鹰象征了美国。2)These stones represent armies.那些石头代表部队。,stage v.to arrange and carry out:发起；举行，上演 eg.1)Next year shanghai will stage a boxing match.明年上海将进行一台拳击比赛。2)Our school stages a play every year.我们学校每年上演一台戏,Activity 12bid(for)v./n.offer or propose(an
11、 amount)as a price.出 价，投标 eg.1)He bid$5 for an old book.他为一本旧书出价5美元。2)Park wants to sell his farm,and he has already had two large bids for it.帕克想卖掉他的农场，并且已经有两个出大价的买主。,in advance ahead of time;beforehand.提前；预先 eg.1)They used to pay the rent in advance.他们老是预付房钱的。2)I received one months salary in advance.我得预支一个月得薪水。,(have an/the)effect on n.the result of a particular influence 影响；效果；作用 eg.1)The medicine had the effect of making me sleep.我吃了这种药想睡觉。2)This had a great effect on on the future of both mother and son.这件事对母亲和孩子的未来都有极大的影响。,
