《英语专业八级人文知识讲座PPT.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语专业八级人文知识讲座PPT.ppt（100页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、人文知识英语国家社会与文化,人文知识的考察范围宽泛.但并不要求有很深的研究,所以,主要是把握好出题的方向和侧重点.,测试要求:能基本了解主要英语国家的地理、历史、现状、文化传统等.,考题回顾1999 年:1.The Observer2.The geographical location of North America3.The old universities in U.K.4.Westminster Palace,2000:The titles of English nobility The features of Irish landscape The longest river in
2、Britain The legislative branch in U.K.The Hundred Years War,2001:The founding of Harvard The settlement of Anglo-Saxons The official name of U.K.The economic activity of Canada,2002:Wall Streetthe financial center Big Ben,Benjamin Hall The compulsory education in U.K.Three branches of U.S.A.governme
3、nt,2003:The location of California British news agency The founding fathers of U.S.A.The geography of Canada,2004:1920s in U.S.A.The largest river in U.S.A.The discovery of the New World The first settlement in America,2005:The capital city of Canada How long the U.S.President serves The important c
4、ities in U.S.A.The state church in England,2006:The President in the Civil War2.The capital city of New Zealand3.The natives of Australia4.The Prime Minister in Britain is head of the Cabinet,2007:1.The origin of the current British population 2.The Head of State of Canada is represented by the Gove
5、rnor-general3.The author of the Declaration of Independence4.The original inhabitants of Australia,2008:The largest city in Canada.The legislative branch of the U.S.government The oldest sport in U.S.A.The head of the executive branch in New Zealand,2009:The Head of State of New Zealand The capital
6、of Scotland The author of the Declaration of Independence and the U.S.president The cities located on the eastern coast of Australia.,参考书籍:英语专业八级人文知识及改错(上海外国语大学何树主编)英语国家概况(余志远主编)网络资料,The United Kingdom:地理、人口及基本事实考过题目:1.The longest river(2000)2.The official name(2000)3.The origin of the population4.B
7、ig Ben,Benjamin Hall5.The capital of Scotland(2009),备考点:Official name vs.Geographical Names:The British Isles,Great Britain and EnglandThe British Empire:a big empire on which the sun never set(1900);1/4 of the worlds people and land areaThe Commonwealth(of Nations):1931,50 independent members,econo
8、mic ties,2.Geographical position:It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe.It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.The English Channel:The Channel is a narrow sea passage which separates England and France and
9、connects the Atlantic Ocean and North Sea.The narrowest partthe Straits of Dover,3.Three political divisions:England:south,the largest,the most populous,the richestLondon,The Pennies,ScafellScotland:north,Edinburgh3 natural zones(the Highlands,the Lowlands,the Uplands),Ben NevisWales:west,Cardiff,4.
10、Rivers and Lakes:The longestthe SevernThe second longest and the most importantThamesThe largest lakeLough Neagh in Northern IrelandLake District:15 lakes,the Lake poets(William Wordsworth,Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey),5.The People:The English:Anglo-Saxons;England”Angle”land;Anglo-Saxo
11、ns:Germanic tribeThe English people and the English language the union of Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-SaxonsThe Norman:the native of Normandy,The Scots,Welsh&Irishthe CeltsCeltic:the language spoken by WalesThe National Eisteddfodaua Welsh festival of the arts to keep Welsh language and
12、 cultureGaelic:one of the Celtic language spoken in Highlands,历史:The titles of English nobility The Hundred Years War,备考点:The Origins of a Nation1.The first known settlersIberians2.The Celts(700 B.C.)3.Romans:55 B.C.Julius Caesar;43 A.D.ClaudiusChristianity was first brought to England by Romans.In
13、order to keep back the Picts&Scots,the Hadrians Wall,4.The Anglo-Saxons:Three Germanic tribesTuesday(Tiu),Wednesday(Woden),Thursday(Thor),Friday(Freya)derive from the name of Teutonic GodsThe Witan(council of the wiseman to advice the king)597:Pope Gregory I,St.Augustine,conversion to Christianity,t
14、he first Archbishop of Canterbury,5.The Viking and Danes:Alfredthe father of the British navy,Alfred the GreatKing Alfred defeated the Danes and came to an agreement with them in 879.,6.The Norman Conquest:The Battle of Hastings1066,Duke William vs.HaroldWilliamking of England in Westminster Abbey t
15、he feudal system;the Grand Council Domesday Book a property recordThe Tower of London,a historical sight,located in the center of London,was built by William the Conqueror,The Shaping of the NationThe Great Charter:King John,1215 the foundation of English liberties the spiritthe limitation of the ki
16、ngs power2.All Estates Parliamentthe beginning of Parliament,the“Model Parliament”,1265,3.Black Deaththe deadly epidemic disease spread by rat fleas in 14th century.It reduced Englands population from 4 million to 2 million by the end of the 14th century.4.The Peasant Uprising:Wat Tyler,1381Precipit
17、ated by the collection of Poll Tax,Transition to the Modern Age:The Wars of Roses(1455-1485):The battles between the House of Lancaster(red)and York(white).Henry Tudor united the two and brought about the rule of the Tudors.2.The English Reformation:(1529-1534)Henry VIIIs reform in breaking English
18、Churchs connection with the Pope and switching to Protestant theology,1535:the Supreme Head of the Church of England3.Bloody Mary:300 Protestants burnedThe monarch who lost Calais4.Elizabeth I:A time of confidence and achievementsThe Armanda(the Spanish fleet)was defeated by the British navy,5.The E
19、nglish Renaissance:(rebirth)A cultural movement that arose the rise of the bourgeoisie.The thinkers who worked for freedom and enlightenment were humanists.The English Renaissance was literary:Thomas More“Utopia”Shakespeare:Elizabethan drama,6.The Divine Rights of Kings:Charles IThe king rules with
20、the authority of God7.The Civil Wars(1642-1651)The Cavaliers;the RoundheadsOliver Cromwell and the New Model ArmyCromwell as Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England(1653),8.The Glorious Revolution:To reject James II,William of Orange from Holland was invited to be joint rulers with Mary(James
21、daughter).With no bloodshed,nor execution of the king.At their acceptance of the Bill of Rights,there began the constitutional monarchy.,The British EmpireThe Enclosure Movement:The 15th century,the cloth industry increased the value of wool.To covert land into pastures,the nobility and merchants be
22、gan to enclose the land.2.The Industrial Revolution:Changes occurred earliest and quickest in textiles.“The workshop of the world”,3.The East India Company:An English trade company formed at the end of the 16th century.It served as a tool of exploiting the Indian people.,4.The Chartist Movement(1836
23、-1848)The working class tried to realize the“peoples charter”about universal suffrage.The first nationwide working class movement5.The first colonyNewfoundland,1583,6.The Treaty of Versailles(1919)Signed at the Paris Peace Conference Britain took Palestine&Mesopotamia from Turkey and seized many Ger
24、man colonies in Africa and in the Pacific Ocean7.The Statute of Westminster(1931)The dominions became independent states in all but name,8.The Opium War:1840,an aggressive war against China1842,Treaty of Nanjing,经济The economic policy Britain pursued in the 1950s and 1960s was based on the theory of
25、John M.Keynes.The area between Glasgow and Edinburgh is the“Silicon Glen”in Britain.Margaret Thatcher:The first woman Prime Minister“iron lady”for the tight control of monetary policy.,政治考过题目:Westminster Palace The legislative branch Prime Minister,Cabinet,The components of the English Parliament:th
26、e Sovereign,the House of Lords,the House of Commons The British Constitution consists of conventions,common law,statue law The real center of power in the Parliament is the House of Commons.There is no written constitution.A parliament has the maximum duration of five years.,6.The party with the sec
27、ond largest number of seats becomes the official Opposition,with“shadow cabinet”.7.The House of Lords is the ultimate court of appeal in civil cases of Great Britain.8.The jury in England usually consists of 12 ordinary,independent citizens summoned by the court.,9.Downing Streetthe most important s
28、treet in London where the Home Office,the Treasury,the War Office are located.10.The Speakerthe presiding officer of the House of Commons(英国下议院的主持),教育,社会,文化传统考过题目:Big Ben The Old University News Agency Major Journal,The Observer the compulsory education the state church in England,The religious lead
29、er of the Church of England is Archbishop of Canterbury2.Easter is connected to the coming of spring,the resurrection of Christ,and the eating of Easter eggs3.Westminster Abbey:It is a veritable national shrine(真正的国家神殿),where the countrys greatest literary and scientific figures are buried.,4.Eton i
30、s a famous public school.(comprehensive school,state school)5.The most typical English sportsCricket reflects the English character:comparative slowness and quietness,6.The home of golf is Scotland.7.The most famous music and art festival in Britain The Edinburgh International Festival of Music and
31、Drama8.The Roaring Twenties:jazz,silent films9.The Swinging Sixties:the permissive ageThe Beatlesa popular music group,10.The Timesthe most famous of all British papers and the oldest.The Daily Telegraph;the Guardian11.The Economistthe most influential periodical in Britain The Spectator,12.Boxing D
32、aythe first weekday after Christmas,when Christmas gifts or boxes are traditionally given to household employees and other service workers.13.Hogmanay(In Scotland)New Years Eve and the parties,drinking,etc.14.Guy Fawkes DayNovember 5th,Ireland考过题目:The features of Irish landscape,The Emerald Isle ref
33、ers to Ireland,due to the green countryside.The largest riverthe Shannon river The highest peakCarrantuohill National DaySt.Patricks Day,March 17th National FlowerShamrock(三叶草)Official LanguagesIrish and English,7.The arrival of St.Patrick in AD 432 converted the Irish to Christianity.8.All Ireland
34、is first brought under English control by Henry VIII9.The oldest university in Ireland is the University of Dublin,10.The two political parties:Fianna Fail and Fine Gael11.93%of the population are Roman Catholics12.There are 2 official languages in Ireland:Irish and English13.In Ulysses,James Joyce
35、introduced the stream of consciousness technique.,The United States of America:地理,人口及基本事实考过题目The location of California The largest river The important cities,America is the 4th largest country in the world.The largest state of U.S.is _.Florida B.Texas C.Massachusetts D.Nevada3.Alaska and Hawaii are
36、 the two newest states in America.Alaska(Juneau)has the largest land area of all the states,while Hawaii(Honolulu)the smallest.,4.The Rockies,the backbone of the North American continent,is also known as the Continental Divide.5.Lake Superior is the largest freshwater lake in the world.The five lake
37、s are all located between two countries except Lake Michigan.(Huron,Ontario,M,Erie,S)6.New England is called the“birthplace”of America,as its the chief center of the War of Independence and the 1st industrial area.,7.The Mississippi Riverthe most important river in U.S.A.It is called the“Father of W
38、aters”or“Old Man River”.8.The Niagara Falls,9.Yellowstone National Park:the oldest national park in the world and the largest wildlife preserve in the U.S.A.Old Faithfulthe most famous gayer(喷泉)in Yellowstone.10.Grand Canyonits walls show layers that tell the story of the formation of the earth.,11.
39、People living in New England were originally called Yankees,which came to stand for all Americans.12.The first immigrants in American history came from England and the Netherlands.13.The largest of the ethnic minorities in America is the blacks.14.“Baby boom”refers to the great increase of birth rat
40、e between 1946 and 1964.,15.Houston is called the chemical capital of the world,and also the home of the U.S.space center.16.What is(are)the nickname(s)of the U.S.A.?A Uncle Sam B Brother Jonathan C Yankee D All of the above,历史考过题目:The founding fathers of America 1920s in America the discovery of th
41、e New World the first settlement in America the President in the Civil War the author of the Declaration of Independence,Who wrote the Declaration of Independence and later became the U.S.President?Thomas Jefferson B.George WashingtonC.Thomas Paine D.John Adams,16001900:The discoverer of AmericaChri
42、stopher Columbus Magellanthe first who sailed round the earth and proved the earth was roundThe British established 13 colonies along the east coast of North America.May Flowerthe ship which took Puritans to America in 1620.Plymouththe first colony,In 1766,Stamp Tax was collected to support the army
43、 stationed in America.In 1773,according to the Tea Act,the East Indian Company sold tea to the colonies and made profit.Some Boston residents boarded an English ship in Boston Harbor,and the tea into the sea.This is known as the Boston Tea Party.,7.The First Continental Congress:1774 Philadelphiaa p
44、rotest against objectionable laws8.The Second Continental Congress:1775 Philadelphiathe decision to fight for freedom and independence,9.The shots at Lexington signaled the beginning of the War of Independence.10.The Saratoga defeat was the turning point of the War of Independence,leading to the all
45、iance between U.S.and France.11.In September,1783,the Treaty of Paris was signed.Britain recognized the independence of U.S.A.,12.The Constitutional Convention:1787 Philadelphia,to revise the Articles of the Confederation13.The Bill of Rights:the first ten amendments put into the Constitution in 179
46、1,which include freedom of speech,the right to assemble,etc.,14.The Gettysburg victory was the turning point of the Civil War.15.In the Civil War,Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation and the Homestead Bill.16.President Jefferson bought the Louisiana Territory from France and doubled the coun
47、trys territory.17.The Westward Movement:1815-1830,moving westward to open the vast area of wilderness in America.,19001945:The“Open Door Policy”:advanced by Theodore Roosevelt in Sino-American relations,that is,invading China by means of force and culture.The stock market crash:1929 to 1933,3.In 193
48、2,Franklin D.Roosevelt promised a“new deal”to get America out of the depression.In his inaugural speech,he said that“the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”4.In the early 1930s,the American foreign policy was isolationism,that is,to keep America out of the fighting in Europe and Asia.,1945:1
49、.President Truman made the open declaration of the containment policy in 1949.2.Martin Luther King,Jr.,a famous leader of the black movements in 60s,advocated non-violent Civil Rights Movement.Rosa Parks,MontgomeryMalcolm X,black nationalism,3.In 1972,President Nixon visited China and met Mao Zedong
50、 and the two countries issued the Shanghai Communique,and the diplomatic relations were established in 1979.4.The longest war in U.S.history is the Vietnam War.,5.The Counterculture Movement was a movement of revolt against moral values,the aesthetic standards,the social relations of the conventiona
