《英语主表被知识.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语主表被知识.ppt（9页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、主表被,主表被,1主动结构表示被动意义。这些动词的主语一般是表物的词，通常具有某些内在的特征，这些句子的时态多用一般现在时或一般将来时，通常和well，easily，smoothly等连用。This poem reads well.这首诗读来顺口。The cloth washes well.这布料好洗。Clothes iron more easily when damp.衣服潮湿时熨起来较方便。This pen writes smoothly.这笔写起来很流畅。Nylon dries quickly.尼龙织物干得快。In hot weather meat wont keep long.热天，肉
2、不能长时间存放。The brake doesnt grip properly.刹车不灵。,2动词的进行式表示被动意义。The house is building.(=The house is being building.)房屋在建造中。The lunch is cooking.(=The lunch is being cooked.)午饭正在烧。Drums and gongs are beating.(=Drums and gongs are being beaten.)鼓在打，锣在敲。又如：The dictionary is binding.词典在装订中。A new film is sho
3、wing in town.城里在放映一部新影片。The guns are firing.枪炮正在开火。,3动词want，deserve，need，require，repay，take，bear（适宜）和be worth等后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。这时，动名词与句子的主语有动宾关系。例如：The book is worth reading.(=The book is worth to be read.)这本书值得一读。My watch cant work,it needs repairing.(=My watch cant work,it needs to be repaired.
4、)我的手表不走了，需要修了。He deserved punishing.(=He deserved to be punished.)他该受到惩罚。That wont bear thinking of.(=That wont bear to be thought of.)那是不堪想象的。The rule will take some learning.(=The rule will take to be learned.)这些规则需下工夫才能学会。,4某些感官动词和系动词加形容词可以用主动语态表示被动意义，如look，smell，taste，sound，feel，prove等。例如：The fl
5、ower smells sweet.这花闻上去很香。The music sounds very familiar to me.这音乐我听起来很耳熟。The cloth feels very soft.这布料摸上去很柔软。Your suggestion proved quite effective.你的建议已经证明是很有效的。The dish tastes delicious.这菜吃起来很可口。,5某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。its adj to doThis question is difficult to answer.这个问题很难回答。The coffee is b
6、itter to taste.咖啡味道很苦。Chickens wings are nice to eat.鸡翅很好吃。The furniture is heavy to move.这家俱搬起来很重。The water is not fit to drink.这水不适于饮用。另外，有些动词的不定式作表语可用主动形式表示被动意义。例如：She is to blame.她应该受到责备。The house is to let.该房屋出租。Little remains to do.没有什么可做的了。,还有，作名词后置定语的不定式可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，意义上没有什么区别。例如：Give me a
7、 list of people to invite/to be invited.给我一份需要邀请的人的名单。There is no time to lose/to be lost.没有时间可以浪费了。The man to insult/to be insult is Mr.Johnson.要请教的人是约翰逊先生。There is a lot of work to do/to be done.有很多工作要做。The box is too heavy to carry/to be carried.这箱子太重，搬不动。（此句用主动语态更为常见）,有时作定语的不定式用主动语态和用被动语态也有些区别。例
8、如：This is the soldier to send.这是我们要派的士兵。（意思是We shall send him.）This is the soldier to be sent.这个就是要派的士兵。（意思是There isnt any other possibility.）The doctor recommended him to air the room.医生建议他让房子透透气。（him是动词不定式的逻辑主语，是执行者，动词不定式用主动语态。）The doctor recommended the room to be aired.医生建议让房子透透气。（the room 是动词不定
9、式的逻辑主语，是承受者，动词不定式用被动语态。）There is nothing to see.没有什么东西可看。（意思是nothing worth seeing.）There is nothing to be seen.看不见什么东西。（意思是nothing there at all.）,6英语中有些短语动词含有被动意义。例如：past for（=be accepted as）被认为，come out（=be published）被出版，fall for（=be attracted）被迷住；受骗，come in（=be introduced）被采用，come apart（=be separated）被拆开，come down（=be demolished）被拆毁，give place to(=be succeeded;be replace)被取代，get the sack被解雇，catch it受责备，等等。The book came out last month.这本书是上个月出版的。He passes for a learned man.他被认为是个有学问的,
