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1、大学英语4/6级考试、作文、翻译,新题型 特点与应对,四六级考试新题型 结构,考试宏观分析：复用（写、汉译英）能力增加（30%）：学生之间差距较大，有一些应试技巧，是复习/讲座的重点。中高级笔译也适用 写、汉译英能力 不等于写、汉译英练习，与阅读、词组、记忆相关听力（35%）：学生之间差距很大，应该是复习重点，但需要长期大量练习（很难短时间提高）阅读（35%）（学生之间差距小一些），学生大致知道如何准备,如何备考？提高水平（读听写译）+应试技巧一、阅读:有学同学想多做模拟题（可增加速度，但记住东西很少）(1)理解（词汇量,语法,难句结构）(2)阅读速度（词汇量+泛读）解决办法：3、4本教材集中
2、在一个学期半精读：读完课文，做其中的词汇、汉译英练习（包含了词组、搭配）-（也可词汇手册的例句）考前泛读或做模拟题，提高阅读速度,(3)逻辑推理能力、应试技巧（很多错误是因为阅读速度慢，考试时赶速度引起的。）小结：记住 词汇、词组；阅读 模拟题（做完后没有记住很多词汇）,二、听力只有听力练习不够，不是最优化。解决办法：(1)较大量听力练习：听力教材（如新视野）全部（课堂只能教一小部分）、其他教材、测试题、网络资料（可可英语、龙卷风收音机）为何有些人要听2-3遍才能听懂？与阅读速度、词汇熟悉程度有关(2)阅读速度（140 wpm）(3)词汇量及熟悉程度(bear/bulb）,如何提高听力：选能听
3、懂约7成的材料，效率较高；听不懂可先看单词、文字本（隔几天听）不要忽视“阅读”与“对词汇的熟悉程度”（阅读与背单词也有助于听力）（中学基础好但不用功的同学主要是词汇与阅读量；中学听力少的同学主要是听力练习）读、听小结：3、4本教材，集中在一个学期半精读（也可词汇手册的例句）+大量听力练习,三、写作高考 语文作文中，评分标准是什么？思想、组织、语言:词汇词组,语法四六级考英语作文 高考语文（理论上相同，实际不同）*词汇词组的选择（语法结构）教师阅读能力有限、时间不够（每天400篇/有时不到1分钟1篇）；学生往往使用中学单词（例：这个房间人很多）如何提高写作能力：作文练习不重要 需要熟悉/背出大量
4、词组、句型（包括一部分难字，优雅漂亮句型）,四、汉译英:阅卷老师关注的重点：词汇词组的选择，语法结构。（每天650份，约半分钟/1份，有时20秒/1份）翻译练习不重要需要熟悉/背出大量词组、句型（包括一部分难字，优雅漂亮句型）写作、翻译的总结：词组含难字的词组词组来源：半精读教材（量少不够用；泛读量大 写怪句子）；大英词汇手册的例句；词语手册；套语,读、听、作文、翻译能力培养的总结：对词汇量的要求不高（听力、阅读中不太可能出现大量难字，个别不认识的单词未必影响到选择正确答案）。也即背词典单词 不是很有效。即使背词典，应背词组、含难字的词组搭配词汇量：认识4000（大纲5000多），高度熟练30
5、00（词组、搭配）+部分难字较大量的阅读（半精读全套教材）（也可词汇手册的例句）大量听力练习 四六级真题、模拟题：最后阶段冲刺,作文技巧一、打开思路作文150字（15句）。有时觉得无话可说，作文写不长，可事先背出以下关键词，然后就容易打开思路了。who;what;where;how;why past;present;future individual,family,society(government)local;China;world 各个领域：science and technology;education;economy(finance;trade)/transportation/mat
6、erial;spiritual;moral/physical;intellectual,如果作文写不长，可用举例的办法拉长：Giving examples（例如，某人（或自己虚构某人）只有网上获得零碎知识，没有系统理论，不成功。）还可简单介绍反面的观点（但不能多说，以免被阅卷老师判“走题”）Positive and negative 二、handwriting三、用中文写提纲 这样不容易走题,大致的评分标准 2分：乱写；5分：基本语法词汇错；8-9分：基本正确，简单11以上：正确，用词高雅四、确保语言正确1.不用没有把握的句型、单词2.专项检查某些语法错误（动词时态/语气、单复数、第三人称-s
7、）,对于动词时态/语态的错误，动词与名词的单复数错误（基本性的错误），自己往往是查不出来的。全文写完后，如果自恶己通读一遍，往往会集中在全文的语义上，而忽视了动词时态与名词单复数等问题。可采用专项检查的办法。例如，复查第一遍时专门看动词时态/虚拟、动词第三人称的 s是否遗漏，名词的复数是否对。这样可减少一些基本性的错误。,五、使用一些高雅的词汇，老练的句型在英文作文的评分中，阅卷人很容易被高雅的词汇，老练的句型所吸引，从而打分偏高。（阅卷人句，不太会注意作文的内容，没有时间细看全文，可能会看第一段、抽查几你只要不明显走题即可，注重英语的正确性与高雅）,事先背出一些套语，写作文时有意识地、千方百
8、计地塞进去几句（15句中塞入约5句，就较出众）。例，A has exerted/exercised a negative/positive/far-reaching influence/impact on这句话可使用在几乎任何作文中（请给作文题目，使用该句型+拓展思路）还可套用成语1-2次。,作文（第三套）Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief acc
9、ount of the impact of the Internet on learning and then explain why education doesnt simply mean leaning to obtain information.You should write at least 120 words but not more than 180 words.,老师说：Quiz today.学生说：Once I learn how to use Google,isnt that all the education I really need?,写作分析：不要走题：（1）描述
10、图片、学生的话，解释 the impact of the Internet on learning；（2）分析explain why education doesnt simply mean leaning to obtain information；（3）结论Sample:The Impact of the Internet on Learning,The picture is funny,but it reflects a serious problem in education.In the picture,the teacher says the class is going to h
11、ave a quiz.But according to the student,once he learns how to use Google,he doesnt really need education.The picture reveals the impact of the Internet on learning.（该生基本使用题目中已经给出的英文文字）,The students words imply education simply means learning to obtain information.I dont think so.First of all,educati
12、on means learning to obtain systematic knowledge.Every subject of education is systematic,such as philosophy,economics,mathematics,and so forth.Secondly,information could either be pieces of knowledge in education,or be fragments from Google.Thirdly,most people understand education does not mean lea
13、rning to obtain information.Otherwise,they would not attend schools or colleges.,（思路：三条理由：一、教育是系统知识；二、零碎信息来自教育与Google两者（也即Google不够）（但这个理由不是很清楚）三、多数人不认为教育就是获取信息。（这不是推理、理由）（而且以上三者之间无明显逻辑关系）估计该生没有用中文写提纲,In conclusion,the Internet really helps us in learning,but education doesnt simply mean learning to
14、obtain information on the Internet.,改进内容以上三条理由逻辑性不强、不清晰，如果改用中文来列提纲或许可改进内容：一、教育是系统知识，不是零碎的信息（举例说明）；二、教育有助于学习（理论与）技能；三、教育培养人，培养人的交际能力、个性发展。改进语言（参见p.40 作文套语）Revised Version:（插入套语，但 学生应分头自己积累，考试时不可都使用相同的词语，以免扣分）,The picture is funny/ironic,but it reflects a serious problem in education.In the picture(As
15、 is indicated/shown in the picture),the teacher says(announces that)the class is going to have a quiz.But according to the student,(the student claims that)once he learns how to use Google,he doesnt really need education.The picture reveals the impact of the Internet on learning(the negative/far-rea
16、ching/deep-going impact/influence the Internet has exerted on learning).,The students words imply education simply means learning to obtain information.I dont think so(but I beg to disagree/differ).First of all(To begin/start with),education means learning to obtain systematic knowledge rather than
17、fragmentary pieces of information.,Every subject of education is(All subjects of study/All disciplines are)systematic such as philosophy,economics,mathematics,and so forth.(或者套用现有的词语：Knowledge consists of(comprises/is composed of)two types/Knowledge may be classified into two categories:systematic k
18、nowledge and fragmentary pieces of information.Googling represents only the second type of information and contributes only slightly/insignificantly to the establishment of a theoretical framework.)如果作文不需要分类、be classified into two categories怎么办？,Secondly(Moreover),information could either be pieces
19、of knowledge in education,or be fragments from Google.(语义不清，改成By simply searching on the Google,you cannot hope to establish a systematic theoretical framework.You can only see the tree instead of the wood.Also you are unlikely to develop a useful job skill/practical skills.),Thirdly,most people und
20、erstand education does not mean learning to obtain information.Otherwise,they would not attend schools or colleges.(这第三条不是真正的理由，可放在本段最后，或放在最后一段。）,改写：Last but not the least/More importantly,education is not limited to expansion of knowledge.It is supposed to help students to develop as true human bei
21、ngs,cultivate a fine character,improve their interpersonal skills through interactions with the teachers and peers/fellow students.,In conclusion,the Internet really helps us in learning,but education doesnt simply mean learning to obtain information on the Internet.(改写：Judging from/In view of/In th
22、e light of the above analysis,one/we may safely arrive at our conclusion:While there is no denying the fact that the internet helps us in learning,education doesnt simply mean learning to obtain information on the Internet.,翻译：中餐许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪
23、都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养（nutrition）。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既美味又健康。,对比两种译文许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。Many people like Chinese food.In China,cooking is considered as not only a skill,but also an art.Many people are fond of Chinese cuisine.In China,it is regarded/deemed not on
24、ly as a craftsmanship,but also as an art.,精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。The well prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking.A(n)carefully/exquisitely prepared Chinese cuisine is a feast for both the mouth and the eyes.,烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大，但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到色、香、味和营养（nutrition）。Although cooking methods an
25、d food materials are very different in different places in China,it is common for good cooking to take color,smell,taste and nutrition into account.Culinary skills and dish ingredients vary widely in different regions of China,but good Chinese cuisines always share something in common,i.e.the color,
26、aroma,taste and nutrition.,由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既美味又健康。Since food is very important to health,a good cook is always trying to seek balance among cereals,meat and vegetables,so Chinese food is tasty and healthy.As food is vital/crucial to/for ones health,a good chef invariably trie
27、s to strike/maintain a balance among grains,meat and vegetables,thus making Chinese cuisine both tasty and healthy.,高雅词语句型来源精读教材：词汇练习、汉译英练习（或，大英词汇手册的例句）汉英词语手册（演示）作文套语（不同学生不可使用相同的词语）以下是”作文套语”样板（学生应分头自己积累，考试时不可都使用相同的词语，以免扣分）,I.BeginningWhen it comes to the issue of(Faced/Confronted with the question o
28、f),some people claim/argue/advocate that,but/while/whereas othersThere is much discussion/debate(public controversy)nowadays over/on/about the issue of A(n)growing/increasing number of people(People in ever-increasing numbers)are beginning to realize that According to a(n)recent/official survey/inve
29、stigation/study,II.ExemplificationTo illustrate this point,I would like to cite/quote/give an example.Here is a case in point.,III.Classification（如果作文题目不需要分类如何办？）There are three kinds of secondary schools.Secondary schools consist of(comprise;are made up of;are composed of)three types.Schools may be
30、 classified(divided;put)into two types(categories).can fall into two typesState schools may be categorized(classified;grouped)according to(on the basis of)the age range.Primary schools may be further divided(further classified;sub-divided)into,V.Comparison and contrast（I）SimilaritySweden is about th
31、e same as(is similar to)Norway in that it has a small agricultural area.(A bears similarity with B)(II)DifferenceNorway has a small population,but(while;whereas)Sweden has a much larger population.N differs(greatly;largely;significantly;considerably)from S in that N hasN and S are different(dissimil
32、ar)in that On the one hand,D has the smallest land area;on the other,it has the largest percentage of agricultural area.,X is much(far;considerably)greater(smaller;cheaper)than Y.somewhata little(slightly)scarcely(hardly)X is just(exactly;precisely)almost(practically;virtually;literally)about(more o
33、r less;approximately;roughly)the same as Y.X is quite(totally;completely;entirely)different from Y.X differs greatly(considerably;slightly)from Y.X and Y are different(dissimilar)in many ways(respects).,VI Cause and effectThe(primary/leading/underlying/deep-seated)cause of(reason for)higher prices w
34、as an increase in demand.The effect(result;consequence)of an increase in demand is higher prices.The demand has increased.So(Therefore;Thus;Hence;Because of this;As a result;As a consequence;Consequently;Accordingly),the prices are higher.,An increase in demand often causes(results in;leads to;gives
35、 rise to contributes to/brings about)higher prices.Higher prices are often caused by/due to/owing to/because of(can be attributed/ascribed to)(may stem from/arise from/result from)an increase in demand/a large number of factors/a multitude of factors.A has exerted/exercised a negative/positive/far-r
36、eaching influence/impact on(可用在很多作文),VII.CoherenceFirst;Firstly;First of all(X At First)/To start/begin with,Second;Moreover;Furthermore;Besides,In addition;Whats more,;More importantly,;Finally;Last but not the least To conclude/sum up/summarize,/In short/In brief/In a word,VIII.Analysis and Argume
37、ntbe for(against)sth.(sb.)/be in favor of(be opposed to)I beg to differ/disagree./Lets agree to disagree.A recent study/survey/investigation(conducted/carried out by sb.)shows/indicates/reveals/demonstrates that There is sufficient/adequate/considerable/little evidence to show thatThere is no doubt(
38、There is no denying the fact that/It goes without saying that),让步：Some people may think(believe;claim;be of the opinion that)It is true that/Indeed,It is sometimes believed that,转回主题：However(Nevertheless;On the other hand),most(many)peopleOn the whole,the advantages seem to outweigh the disadvantage
39、s.If we weigh the advantages and disadvantages(pros and cons),we may find that the former play a more important role than the latter.,IX.EndingFrom what has been discussed above/Judging from the above analysis/In view of(In the light of)the above-mentioned evidence,one/we may safely arrive at/come t
40、o/draw/reach the conclusion thatObviously/Clearly/Apparently/Evidently,it is necessary/essential/imperative that proper/immediate measures/actions should be taken(to)The prospects(outlook)seem(s)quite promising(bright/rosy/encouraging/dark/bleak).The grave/serious consequences should not be overlook
41、ed.,The advantages of A outweighs the advantages of BAlthough A enjoys enormous/considerable advantages in,it cannot compete with(it does not bear comparison with)B As advantage looks insignificant in comparison with Bs(when Bs advantages are taken into consideration/account.,X.Interpretation of dat
42、agraph;pie diagram;bar chart;table/figure;Figure 1The graph shows(indicates)thatAs can be seen from(in)the diagram(graph;chart;table;Figure 2),As(is)shown(indicated)in Table 1,There was a small(slow;slight)/gradual(steady)increase(rise;upturn;upswing)in the output.There was a rapid(sudden;sharp;stee
43、p)decrease(decline;reduction;fall;drop;plunge;slump)in the stock index.The price has soared(skyrocketed;spiraled upwards;showed an upward tendency/a downward trend;slumped),After the recent increases;the index is beginning to level off.X accounts for(makes up;constitutes;assumes)15 percent of the to
44、tal.(p.25,Revised Composition),成语说明：作文中可使用1-2个成语，但不宜多用。有时要加引号。使用时要注意全句通顺。如，前面加导入语，As a saying/proverb goes,“Seeing is believing.”或By doing so,he was only“teaching fish how to swim”.,四六级备考的第一重点：一个学期内，半精读3、4本教材（或大英词汇手册的例句）+大量听力练习(听读得分高/低与 作文有相关系数)大于（写作、翻译）词语积累但在工作中，词语积累听力阅读,2013年四级考试样题8个短对话听力,1.M:Fina
45、lly Ive got the chance to put on my new suit tonight.I hope to make a good impression on your family.W:Come on,its only a family reunion.So jeans and T-shirts are just fine.Q:What does the woman mean?A)The man has left a good impression on her family.（使用原文中明显的词语，不是正确答案）B)The mans jeans and T-shirts
46、are stylish.（使用原文中明显的词语，不是正确答案）C)The man should buy himself a new suit.（使用原文中词语，不是正确答案）D)The man can dress casually for the occasion.（正确答案中未使用原文词语，而是改写）,有些考生已经意识到了这一点，所以假如他们没有听懂原句，但听到了部分较难的单词，于是他们就排除听到的难字，从而可能选对答案,4.W:This crazy bus schedule has got me completely confused.I cant figure out when my b
47、us to Cleveland leaves.M:Why dont you just go to the ticket window and ask?Q:What does the man suggest the woman do?A)Read the notice on the window.（使用原文的window,以便误导考生）B)Board the bus to Cleveland.（使用原文的Cleveland）C)Go and ask the staff.（正确答案，但故意不使用原文的window,而是改用staff）D)Get a new bus schedule.（使用原文的显
48、眼词组bus schedule，但不是正确答案）,7.W:My hand still hurts from the fall on the ice yesterday.I wonder if I broke something.M:Im no doctor,but its not black and blue or anything.Maybe you just need to rest it for a few days.Q:What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?A)She got hurt in an accident
49、 yesterday.B)She has to go to see a doctor.C)She is black and blue all over.（使用原文中显眼的词组，不是正确答案）D)She stayed away from work for a few days.,六级考试样题8个短对话听力,1.W:Did you hear that Anna needs to stay in bed for four weeks?M:Yeah.She injured her spine in a fall.And the doctor told her to lie flat on her ba
50、ck for a month,so it can mend.Q:What can we learn from the conversation?A)The man happened to see Anna fall on her back.（使用原文中词语，不是正确答案）B)The serious accident may leave Anna paralyzed.C)The doctors therapy has been very successful.D)The injury will confine Anna to bed for quite a while.（正确答案，但改写了）,2
