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1、A Course in General Knowledge for English Tour Guides,Tsinghua University Publishing PressSep 1,2009,Unit 1 A Survey of Tourism in China,Lead-in Questions What is tourism?When and how did tourism industry begin in modern times?When and how did Chinas tourism start?,Unit 1 A Survey of Tourism in Chin
2、a,What is tourism?Mathieson and Wall(1982):Tourism is“the temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal places of work and residence,the activities undertaken during their stay in those destinations,and the facilities created to cater to their needs.”,Unit 1 A Survey of Tourism i
3、n China,The development of tourismthe Grand Tour:the 1660s to 1840s Thomas Cook:the first travel agency in 1845British Travelex,American Express,Japan National Tourism Organization,Unit 1 A Survey of Tourism in China,The development of tourism in ChinaShanghai Commercial and Savings Bank:in 1923 Chi
4、na Travel Agency:in 1927 1949-1974Late 1970sMid-1080smid-1990s,Unit 1 A Survey of Tourism in China,The hallmark of Chinas tourismChina National Tourism Administration(CNTA)Galloping Bronze Horse Treading on a Flying Swallow,Unit 1 A Survey of Tourism in China,The hallmark of Chinas tourism,Post-clas
5、s Tasks,I.Fill in the blanks with what you have learnt.1)WTO stands for _.2)_ was the traditional travel in Europe mainly by upper-class young people from the 1660s to 1840s.3)In _,British _ initiated to establish the first travel agency in the world,which officially marked the beginning of tourism
6、industry in modern times.4)_ set up tourism department in 1923 and changed its name into China Travel Agency in 1927,which marked the emergence of tourism in China in modern times.5)CNTA stands for _,which is subordinate to _ with its headquarters in _.,Post-class Tasks,II.Translate the following ph
7、rases into Chinese.1)British Travelex2)American Express3)Japan National Tourism Organization,Post-class Tasks,III.Answer the following questions briefly.1)When and how China begin to develop quickly in tourism industry?2)Is China a major tourist destination?For whom?3)What is the hallmark of Chinas
8、tourism industry?,Unit 2 A Survey of Chinese History,Lead-in Questions,Do you know the Chinese mythological figures?Who are they?Do you know the hominid in China?Who are they?When and how did they begin to live in China?When and how did Chinese history see cycles of division and unification?,1.Ancie
9、nt Myth,Pangu(盘古),1.Ancient Myth,Nvwa(女娲)and Fuxi(伏羲),1.Ancient Myth,Suiren(燧人),1.Ancient Myth,Shennong(神农),1.Ancient Myth,The Yellow Emperor(黄帝),1.Ancient Myth,Three Sovereigns:the Heavenly Sovereign the Earthly Sovereign the Human Sovereign Five Emperors:the Yellow Emperor,Zhuanxu Emperor Ku Emper
10、or Yao Emperor Shun,2.The Primitive Society,Yuanmou Man(元谋人),Unit 2 A Survey of Chinese History,2.The Primitive SocietyLantian Ape Man(蓝田猿人),2.The Primitive Society,Peking Ape Man,2.The Primitive Society,Homo sapiens(智人):Dali Man(大荔人)Dingcun Man(丁村人)Maba Man(马坝人)The Upper Cave Man(山顶洞人)Liujiang Man(
11、柳江人)Ziyang Man(资阳人),2.The Primitive Society,Matrilineal Clan Society:Yangshao Culture(仰韶文化)Patriarchal Clan Society:Longshan Culture(龙山文化),3.The Slavery Society,Xia(夏,about 2070BC-1600BC):Qi(启)Shang(商朝,about 1600BC-1046BC)Yin Xu in Anyang City(安阳殷墟),3.The Slavery Society,Western Zhou(西周,1046BC-771BC
12、)King Wen(文王,about?-1050BC)King Wu(武王,about 1087BC-1043BC)Dan(旦,the Duke of Zhou,周公,about?-1105BC)feudal fief system(分封制),King You(幽王,?-?)A smile costs 1,000 pieces of gold.The vassals are fooled by the beacon fire.,3.The Slavery Society,Eastern Zhou(770BC-256BC)King Ping(平王,about 781BC-720BC)Five H
13、egemons of the Spring and Autumn Period(770BC-476BC):Duke Huan of Qi State(齐桓公),Duke Wen of Jin State(晋文公),Duke Mu of Qin State(秦穆公),Duke Xiang of Song State(宋襄公)and Duke Zhuang of Chu State(楚庄王)Seven Great Powers:Qi(齐),Wei(魏),Zhao(赵),Han(韩),Qin(秦),Chu(楚)and Yan(燕),4.The Feudal Society,Qin(221BC-207
14、BC)Ying Zheng(嬴政,259BC-210BC)abolishing the enfeoffment system(分封制)adopting the system of prefectures and counties(郡县制)standardizing the script,currencies,and weights and measureslinking the Great Wallbuilding a mausoleum and palaces on a large scaleburning classical books and burying Confucian scho
15、lars alivethe Terracotta Warriors and Horses,4.The Feudal Society,4.The Feudal Society,Western Han Dynasty(206BC-25AD)Liu Bang(刘邦,256BC-195BC)Emperor Wen(文帝,202BC-157BC)and Emperor Jing(景帝,188BC-141BC),4.The Feudal Society,Western Han Dynasty(206BC-25AD)Emperor Wu(武帝,156BC-87BC)defeated,the Hun(匈奴)a
16、dopted Dong Zhongshus(董仲舒,179BC-104BC)thought opened the Silk Road sent Zhang Qian(张蹇,?-?)to the Western Regions married Wang Zhaojun(王昭君,about 52BC-20BC)to the chieftain of the Hun in 33BC.,4.The Feudal Society,Xin(新朝,9-25)Wang Mang(王莽,45BC-23AD),4.The Feudal Society,Eastern Han(25-220)Liu Xiu(刘秀,6
17、BC-57AD),4.The Feudal Society,Three Kingdoms Period(220-280)Cao Cao(曹操,155-220)Liu Bei(刘备,161-223)Sun Quan(孙权,182-252),4.The Feudal Society,Jin Dynasty(晋,265-420)Sima Yan(司马炎,236-290),Western Jin(265-316)and the Eastern Jin(317-420)Five Barbarian Groups:Di(氐),Jie(羯),Qiang(羌),Xianbei(鲜卑)and the Hun(匈
18、奴)Sixteen Kingdoms:Han-Former Zhao(汉-前赵),Cheng-Han(成汉),Former Liang(前凉),Later Zhao(后赵),Former Yan(前燕),Former Qin(前秦),Later Qin(后秦),Later Yan(后燕),Western Qin(西秦),Later Liang(后凉),Southern Liang(南凉),Southern Yan(南燕),Western Liang(西凉),Northern Liang(北凉),Xia(夏),Northern Yan(北燕).,4.The Feudal Society,Sout
19、hern Dynasty(420-589):Song(宋,420-479),Qi(齐,479-502),Liang(梁,502-557)and Chen(陈,557-589)Northern Dynasty(386-581):Northern Wei(北魏,386-534),Eastern Wei(东魏,534-550),Northern Qi(北齐,550-577),Western Wei(西魏,535-557)and Northern Zhou(北周,557-581),4.The Feudal Society,Sui(581-618)Emperor Wen(杨坚,541-604)Emper
20、or Yang(炀帝,569-618)The Grand Canal(京杭大运河),4.The Feudal Society,Tang(唐朝,618-907)Li Yuan(李渊,566-635)Li Shiming(李世民,598-649)Wu Zetian(武则天,624-705)Li Longji(李隆基,685-762the An-Shi Rebellion,4.The Feudal Society,Five Dynasties:the Later Liang(后梁),Later Tang(后唐),Later Jin(后晋),Later Han(后汉)and Later Zhou(后周
21、)Ten States:Former Shu(前蜀),Later Shu(后蜀),Jingnan(荆南),Southern Han(南汉),Wu(吴),Southern Tang(南唐),Chu(楚),Min(闽),Wu-Yue(吴越),Northern Han(北汉),4.The Feudal Society,Northern Song(北宋,960-1127)Zhao Kuangyin(赵匡胤,927-976)Liao(辽,907-1125):Qidan(契丹)Western Xia(西夏,1032-1227):Dangxiang(党项),4.The Feudal Society,Sout
22、hern Song(1127-1279)Zhao Gou(赵构,about 1107-1187),4.The Feudal Society,Yuan(元朝,1271-1368)Kublai Khan(1162-1227)Jubilee(忽必烈,1215-1294),4.The Feudal Society,Ming(明朝,1368-1644)Zhu Yuanzhang(朱元璋,1328-1398Zhu Di(朱棣),4.The Feudal Society,Qing(清朝,1644-1912)Manchu(满)clan Kangxi(康熙,1654-1722)Yongzheng(雍正,1678
23、-1735)Qianlong(乾隆,1711-1799)Empress Dowager Cixi(慈禧,1835-1908),5.Democratic Revolution Period,Republic of China(ROC)Dr.Sun Yat-sen(孙中山,1866-1925)PRC(Peoples Republic of China),Post-class Tasks,I.Fill in the blanks with what you have learnt from the unit.1)_,_,_ and _ were the four greatest ancient c
24、ountries with advanced civilizations in the world.2)According to Chinese myth,_ stood on the earth and supported the heaven with his hands,thus he created the world._ refined the five-colored stones to mend the sky._ drew the Eight Diagrams used in divination._ first made fire.3)_ taught people to c
25、ultivate and tasted a large number of herbs to identify their medical functions.4)_ controlled part of the Yellow River Valley and invented cart,boat,clothes,script and medicine.He also ordered _ to invent characters and _ to raise silk worms.5)Today,Chinese people at home and abroad are still regar
26、ded as _.,Post-class Tasks,6)According to The Records of the Grand Historian,“Three Sovereigns”were:_,_ and _ while“Five Emperors”were:_,_,_,_ and _.7)Archeological surveys show that _ lived about 1.7 million years ago._was proved to live about 1.15 million years ago._ lived about 400,000-500,000 ye
27、ars ago.8)_ dating back about 7,000-6,000 years ago was prosperous in color-painted pottery,and was also called“Color-painted Pottery Culture Period.”_ dating back around 4,900-4,000 years ago was also named“Grey-pottery Culture Period.”9)_ founded the first dynasty in Chinese history Xia,which mark
28、ed the transition of the society from the primitive society to _.10)_ was the first dynasty with record in Chinese history.,Post-class Tasks,11)“The Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period”were _,_,_,_ and _.In the Warring States Period,“Seven Great Powers”were _,_,_,_,_,_ and _.12)After the l
29、ong bloody fights,all powers were weakened or strengthened with _,_,_ and _ known as the Southern Dynasty,while the _,_,_,_ and _ known as the Northern Dynasty.13)_ was the only female monarch in Chinese history.14)In 1912,_ broke out under the leadership of Dr.Sun Yat-sen who was known as _.The las
30、t emperor _ was forced to dethrone.,Post-class Tasks,II.Translate the following words or phrases into Chinese.1)hominid2)Homo erectus3)Homo sapiens 4)Matrilineal Clan Society5)Patriarchal Clan Society6)feudal fief system 7)enfeoffment system 8)system of prefectures and counties,Post-class Tasks,III.
31、Match the following two groups of words and phrases.1)Dali Mana.Henan Province 2)Dingcun Manb.Shanxi Province3)Maba Manc.Guangxi Province 4)Upper Cave Mand.Beijing5)Liujiang Man e.Guangdong Province6)Ziyang Manf.Shandong Province7)Yuanmou Man h.Yunnan Province 8)Lantian Man i.Shaanxi Province9)Yangs
32、hao Culturej.Sichuan Province10)Longshan Culturek.Shaanxi Province,Post-class Tasks,IV.Fill in the following chart.Dynasty Founder Capital Qi Yin Xu Western Zhou HaojingEastern Zhou King Ping Ying ZhengWestern Han Liu Bang Liu Xiu LuoyangWestern Jin Sima YiSui Li Yuan Zhao Kuangyin KaifengSouthern S
33、ong Zhao Gou Jubilee Yanjing/DaduMing Yingtianfu Huangtaiji,Post-class Tasks,V.Explain the following phrases in English.1)The Reign Period of the Emperor Wens and Emperor Jings Benign Administration2)Emperor Wu3)The Prosperity in the Emperor Guangwus Reign Period4)The Reign Period of the First Emper
34、ors Benign Administration of the Dynasty5)The Grand Canal6)The Benign Administration of Wude Reign Period,Post-class Tasks,7)The Palace Coup at the Xuanwu Gate8)The Benign Administration of the Zhenguan Reign Period9)The Benign Administration of Kaiyuan Reign Period10)The An-Shi Rebellion11)The Five
35、 Dynasties and Ten States12)Yue Fei,Post-class Tasks,VI.Answer the following questions briefly.1)What is“clan”,how did it form?2)When was the feudal fief system founded?What is it?3)How did the Chinese sayings come,“A smile costs 1,000 pieces of gold”and“The vassals are fooled by the beacon fire”?4)
36、Do you know the famous philosophers of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty?Who are they?5)What did Ying Zheng do during his reign?6)What are the Five Barbarian Groups who divided China into the Sixteen Kingdoms?,Unit 3 General Knowledge on Chinese Culture,Lead-in Questions,1.What were the four greatest inventi
37、ons in ancient China?2.Can you say something about science and technology,pharmacology and medicine,arts,literature,ideology and education in ancient China?3.Do you know the Ten Celestial Stems and the Twelve Terrestrial Branches?How did the ancient Chinese mark years,months,days and hours?,1.Scienc
38、e and Technology,Peking Ape Man:the first user of natural fireThe Upper Cave Man:first invented artificial fire Hemudu(河姆渡)People:first mastered the skill of well-drilling Banpo Man(半坡人):first produced arrow,fish hook with agnail and fish fork,and first knew how to spin,1.1 Astronomy,Xia Calendar(夏历
39、):Chinas first calendar“the inscriptions on animal bones or tortoise shells”(甲骨文)Book of Odes or Classic of Poetry(诗经):the first sun eclipse record with exact date in ChinaThe Spring and Autumn Annals(春秋):the Halleys CometGan and Shis Classic of the Constellations(甘石星经)Zhang Heng(张衡,78-139):invented
40、 the worlds first water-powered armillary sphere(浑天仪)and seismometer(地动仪)Zhang Sui(张遂,also named Monk Yixing 一行,673-727):Dayan Calendar(大衍历),1.2 Agriculture and Planting,Fan Shengzhi(汜胜之):the Western Han Dynasty,Fan Shengzhis Book(汜胜之书)Jia Sixie(贾思勰):the Northern Wei Dynasty,Essential Skills for the
41、 Common People(齐民要术)Chen Fu(陈旉):the Southern Song Dynasty,On Agriculture(农书)Wang Zhen(王桢):the Yuan Dynasty,On Agriculture(农书)Xu Guangqi(徐光启):Thoughts and Practice of Advocating Agriculture(农政全书)Lu Yu(陆羽):the Tang Dynasty,“the Saint of Tea”,The Classic of Tea(茶经),1.3 Handicraft and Commerce,the Shang
42、 Dynasty:smelt bronze and use iron toolsthe Spring and Autumn Period:metallurgy the Western Zhou Dynasty:Simuwu Quadrate Vessel(司母戊大方鼎)Maogong Tripod(毛公鼎)“industry and commerce serving the government”(工商食官)the method of recovering melted iron(高温液体还原法)Great merchants:Bai Gui,Lv Buwei,Fan LiBarter tra
43、de Cowry shells Mental currency round coin flying money(飞钱)and“guifang”(柜坊,banks or stores)jiaozi(交子)porcelain manufacturing:Tang tricolor ceramics(唐三彩)Large porcelain kilns:celadon vessels of Yueyao Kiln(越窖的青瓷)porcelain of Xingyao Kiln(刑窖的白瓷)porcelain in Jingdezheng(景德镇)the Song and Yuan Dynasties:
44、Guanyao Kiln in Kaifeng City(开封的官窖)Ruyao Kiln in Ruzhou City(汝州的汝窖)Junyao Kiln in Yuzhou City(禹州的钧窖)Dingyao Kiln in Dingzhou City(定州的定窖)Geyao Kiln at Yuezhou Town(越州的哥窖),1.4 Ancient Inventions,Eastern Han Dynasty:Du Shi(杜诗)invented“shuipai”(水排)Three Kingdoms:Ma Jun(马钧)improved damask loom(绫机)Eastern
45、 Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties:“jimingbu”(鸡鸣布)appeared Yuan Dynasty:Huang Daopo(黄道婆),1.4 Ancient Inventions,Shen Kuo(沈括):the Song Dynasty,Dream Pool Essays(梦溪笔谈),“the milestone in Chinas science history”.Guo Shoujing(郭守敬):the Yuan Dynasty,Shoushi Calendar(授时历)Song Yingxing(宋应星),the late Mi
46、ng Dynasty,Exploitation of the Works of Nature(天工开物),“encyclopedia of technology in the 17th century”.,1.4 Ancient Inventions,Counting and time-keeping devices:shadow clock or sundial(日晷),water clock clepsydra(滴漏),hourglass(沙漏)Ivory tallies(算筹),abacus paper-making:Cai Lun(蔡伦)in 105,paper specimen fr
47、om a Western Han tomb,1.4 Ancient Inventions,the Sui Dynasty:Woodblock printing(雕版印刷)the Tang Dynasty:Diamond Sutra(金刚经)in 868 Northern Song Dynasty:Bi Sheng(毕升),the ceramic movable type printing(活字印刷)Wang Zhen(王祯):the wooden movable type(木活字印刷)Hua Sui(华燧):the bronze metal movable type(铜活字印刷)Gunpowd
48、er:invented in the Sui Dynasty and used in wars in the Northern Song Dynasty Compass:the Qin Dynasty south-pointing device(司南):the Warring States Period south-pointing spoon(司南勺):the Eastern Han Dynasty south-pointing wagon(指南车)invented by Ma Jun(马钧)in the Three Kingdoms south-pointing fish in the N
49、orthern Song Dynasty south-pointing needle later,1.5 Architecture and Project,Banopo Man:first built Y-shaped houses with Chinese ethnic characteristicsHemudu People:first constructed stilt houses mainly appeared in the south of Chinathe Warring States Period:Li Bing(李冰,)and his son constructed Duji
50、angyan(都江堰)Irrigation Project the Qin Dynasty:the first Emperor first linked the Great Wall the Western Han Dynasty:Kaner well(坎儿井)the Sui Dynasty:Emperor Yang carved the Grand Canal in 605 from Luoyang to Zhuojun(涿郡)and Yuhang(余杭)four sections five great water systems the Sui Dynasty:Li Chun(李春)des
