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1、,英语语法一,Add your company slogan,物主代词和双重所有格,1)物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用。例如:John had cut his finger;apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.约翰割破了手指,显而易见,他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。物主代词有形容词性(my,your等)和名词性(mine,yours等)两种,形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的-s属格结构。例如:Jacks cap 意为The cap is Jacks。His cap 意为The cap is
2、his。2)名词性物主代词的句法功能作主语。例如:May I use your pen?Yours works better.我可以用一用你的钢笔吗?你的比我的好用。,物主代词和双重所有格,b.作宾语。例如:I love my motherland as much as you love yours.我深爱我的祖国就像你深爱你的祖国一样。c.作介词宾语。例如:Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word,not in yours 你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话,而不能按你自己的去解释。d.作主语补语。例如:The lif
3、e I have is yours.Its yours.Its yours.我的生命属于你,属于你,属于你。e.双重所有格物主代词不可与 a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any,several,no,each,every,such,another,which等词一起前置,修饰一个名词,而必须用双重所有格。公式为:a,an,this,that+名词+of+名词性物主代词。例如:a friend of mine,each brother of his.,反身代词,1)列表 数 单数 复数人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称人称代词 I y
4、ou he/she/it we you they反身代词 myself yourself himself/herself/itself ourselves yourselves themselves另外:one的反身代词为oneself2)做宾语 有些动词需有反身代词,如absent,bathe,amuse,blame,dry,cut,enjoy,hurt,introduce,behave等。例如:We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.我们昨晚玩得很开心。Please help yourself to some fish.请你随便吃点鱼。b.用于及
5、物动词+宾语+介词,如take pride in,be annoyed with,help oneself to sth等。例如:I could not dress(myself)up at that time.那个时候我不能打扮我自己。注:有些动词后不跟反身代词,如:get up,sit-down,stand up,wake up等。例如:Please sit down.请坐。,反身代词,Click to add TextClick to add TextClick to add Text,3)用作表语,如结构be oneself。例如 I am not myself today.我今天不舒
6、服 4)用作同位语 The thing itself is not important.事情本身并不重要。5)在不强调的情况下,but,except,for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。如:No one but myself(me)is hurt.注意:a.反身代词本身不能单独作主语。(错)Myself drove the car(对)I myself drove the car.我自己开车。b.但在and,or,nor连接的并列主语中,第二个主语可用反身代词,特别是myself 作主语。例如:Charles and myself saw it.查尔斯和我看见了这件事。,动词的时
7、态:一般现在时,一般现在时的用法 1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语:every,sometimes,at,on Sunday。例如:I leave home for school at 7 every morning.每天早上我七点离开家。2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如 The earth moves around the sun.地球绕太阳转动。Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国东部。3)表示格言或警句。例如:Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即
8、使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例:Columbus proved that the earth is round.哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。,动词的时态:一般现在时,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content&Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:I dont want so much.我不要那么多。Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。比较:Now I put th
9、e sugar in the cup.把糖放入杯子。I am doing my homework now.我正在做功课。第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。,动词时态:一般过去时态,1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:时间状语有:yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982等。例如:Where did you go just now?刚才你上哪儿去了?2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的
10、动作。例如:When I was a child,I often played football in the street.我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球 Whenever the Browns went during their visit,they were given a warm welcome那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。3)句型:It is time for sb.to do sth“到时间了”“该了”。例如:It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。It is time that sb.did sth.“时间已迟了”“早该了
11、”,例如It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。would(had)rather sb.did sth.表示宁愿某人做某事。例如:Id rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。,动词时态:一般过去时态,4)wish,wonder,think,hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。例如:I thought you might have some.我以为你想要一些。比较:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。)Chri
12、stine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着)Mrs.Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs.Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)注意:用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。1)动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend 等。例如:Did you want anything else?您还要些什么吗?I wondered if you could
13、help me.能不能帮我一下。2)情态动词 could,would。例如:Could you lend me your bike?你的自行车,能借用一些吗?,动词时态:一般过去时态,used to/be used to used to+do:“过去常常”表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。例如:Mother used not to be so forgetful.老妈过去没那么健忘。Scarf used to take a walk.斯卡夫过去常常散步。be used to+doing:对已感到习惯,或“习惯于”,to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。例如:He is used to a
14、vegetarian diet.Scarf is used to taking a walk.斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。典型例题-Your phone number again?I _ quite catch it.-Its 69568442.didntB.couldntC.dontD.cant答案A.本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看出,在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时。,动词时态:一般将来时,一般将来时1)shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如:Which paragraph shall I r
15、ead first?我先读哪一段呢?Will you be at home at seven this evening?今晚七点回家好吗?2)be going to+不定式,表示将来。主语的意图,即将做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow?明天打算作什么呢?b.计划,安排要发生的事。例如:The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播 c.有迹象要发生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds,there is going to be a storm.看那乌云,快要下雨了。3)be
16、+不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如:We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。4)be about to+不定式,意为马上做某事。例如:He is about to leave for Beijing.他马上要去北京。注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow,next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。,5)be going to/will 用于条件句时,be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如:If you are going to make a journey,youd
17、better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes,we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.6)be to和be going to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如:I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排)Im going to play football tomorrow a
18、fternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。(主观安排),动词时态:一般将来时,一般现在时表将来下列动词come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.火车明天上午六点开。When does the bus star?It stars in ten minutes.汽车什么时候开?十分钟后 2)以here,there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如:Here comes the bus.=The bus is
19、coming.车来了。There goes the bell.=The bell is ringing.铃响了。3)在时间或条件句中。例如:When Bill comes(不是will come),ask him to wait for me.比尔来后,让他等我。Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.我到了那里,就写信给你。4)在动词hope,take care that,make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如:I hope they have a nice time next week.我希望他们下星期玩得开心 Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。,动词时态:一般将来时,用现在进行时表示将来下列动词come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如:Im leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。Are you staying here till next week?你会在这儿呆到下周吗?,动词时态:一般将来时,Add your company slogan,Thank You!,