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1、被动语态的翻译技巧,一、翻译成汉语的主动句1、英语原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语在采用此方法时,我们往往在译文中使用“加以”,“经过”,“用来”等词来体现原文中的被动含义。例1.Other questions will be discussed briefly.其他问题将简单地加以讨论。例2.In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging,boring holes,artificial explosions,or similar operations which mak
2、e them available to us.换言之,矿物就是存在于地球上,但须经过挖掘、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。,被动语态的翻译技巧,一、翻译成汉语的主动句2、将英语原文中的主语翻译为宾语,同时增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)做主语例1.It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well,but on television everything is much more living,much more real.可能有人会指出,无线电广播同样也能做到这一点,但还是电视屏幕上的节目要生动、真实得多。下
3、列的结构也可以通过这一手段翻译:It is asserted that 有人主张 It is believed that 有人认为 It is generally considered that 大家(一般人)认为 It is well known that 大家知道(众所周知)It will be said 有人会说 It was told that 有人曾经说,被动语态的翻译技巧,一、翻译成汉语的主动句3、将英语原文中的by,in,for等做状语的介词短语翻译成译文的主语,而英语原文中的主语一般被翻译成宾语。例.And it is imagined by many that the ope
4、rations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes,and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.许多人认为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比,而且认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门的训练才能掌握。,被动语态的翻译技巧,一、翻译成汉语的主动句4、翻译成汉语的无主句 例.Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our centu
5、ry,the strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft.在我们这个世纪内研制了许多新奇的交通工具,其中最奇特的也许就是气垫船了。It is hoped that 希望 It is reported that 据报道 It is said that 据说 It is supposed that 据推测 It may be said without fear of exaggeration that 可以毫不夸张地说It must be admitted that 必须承认 It must be pointed out that 必须指出 It
6、will be seen from this that 由此可见,被动语态的翻译技巧,一、翻译成汉语的主动句5、翻译成带表语的主动句例1.The decision to attack was not taken lightly.进攻的决定不是轻易做出的。例2.On the whole such an conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence,but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as th
7、e other with whom he is being compared,and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.总的来说,得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的,但必须具备两个条件：能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的另一个孩子的态度相同;他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。,常用英汉互译技巧,二、译成汉语的被动语态 英语中的许多被动句可以翻译成汉语的被动句。常用“被”,“给”,“遭”,“挨”,“为所”,“使”,“由”,“受到”等表示。例1.Thes
8、e signals are produced by colliding stars or nuclear reactions in outer space.这些讯号是由外层空间的星球碰撞或者核反应所造成的。例2.Over the years,tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。,
