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1、高考英语专项复习,定 语 从 句,一、概念,定语从句 在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。,关系代词有：,who,whom,whose,that,which等。,关系副词有：,when,where,why等。,二、用法,1、关系代词引导的定语从句,关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。,1）who(主格),whom（宾格）,that,这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾
2、语。例如：,a)他就是 我昨天见到的 那个人。,He is the man.,I saw him yesterday.,He is the man whom I saw yesterday.,b)你认识 站在那边的 那个人吗？,Do you know the man?,He is standing over there.,Do you know the man who is standing over there?,（）,（）,2）whose 用来指人或物。例如：,a)小明，他的父亲是工程师，是我们班级里最好的学生。,（）,Xiao Ming is the best student in ou
3、r class.,His father is an engineer.,Xiao Ming whose father is an engineer is the best student in our class.,注意：定语从句应紧跟在先行词的后面（即定语从句所修饰的词）,3）which,that 所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：,a)这是 我们去年参观的 工厂。,（）,This is the factory.,We visited it last year.,This is the factory which/that we visited last ye
4、ar.,可以省略,说明：关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。,b)这是 去年建造的 工厂。,（）,This is the factory.,It was built last year.,This is the factory which/that was built last year.,不可以省略,2、关系副词引导的定语从句,关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。,1）关系副词when,where,why 的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用。例如：,a)我仍然记得 我参军的 那一天。,（）,I still remem
5、ber the day.,On that day I joined the army.,I still remember the day when I joined the army.或,I still remember the day on which I joined the army.,b)这就是 我们去年住的 房屋。,（）,This is the house.,We lived in it last year.,This is the house where we lived last year.或,This is the house in which we lived last ye
6、ar.或,This is the house which we lived in last year.,c)你知道 他迟到的 原因吗？,（）,Do you know the reason?,He was late for that reason.,Do you know the reason why he was late?或,Do you know the reason for which he was late?,2）当先行词是指时间、地点或原因时，并非就用when,where,why 来引导定语从句。例如：,这是我们去年参观的地方。,这是我们去年工作的地方。,a),vt.,vi.,Thi
7、s is the place which/that we visited last year.,This is the place where we worked last year.,我仍然记得我入团的那一天。,我仍然记得我们一起度过的那一天。,b),I still remember the day when I joined the League.,I still remember the day that/which we spent together.,3、判断关系代词与关系副词,方法一：,用关系代词，还是关系副词完全,This is the mountain village wher
8、e I stayed last year.,这是我去年呆过的山村。,取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：,Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.,我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。,方法二：,准确判断先行词在定语从句中的,成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。,A.whereB.that C.on which D.the one,例1.Is this the museum _ you visited a few days ago?,
9、例2.Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago?,A.whereB.that C.on which D.the one,B,D,4、关系代词 that 的用法,1）不用 that 的情况 介词后不能用。例如：,We depend on the land from which we get our food.,我们依赖土地获得食物。,We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.,2）只能用 that 作为定语从句的关系代 词的情况,1.This is all _ I know about
10、 the matter.A.that B.what C.who D.whether,2.Is there anything else _ you want?A.which B.that C.who D.what,3.The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall.A.which B.that C.where D.it,A,B,B,4.He talked happily about the men and books _ interested him greatly in the school.A.which B.that C.it D.whom,5
11、.There is no dictionary _ you can find everything.A.that B.which C.where D.in that,6.This is one of the best books _.A.that have ever been written B.that has ever been written C.that has written D.that have written,B,A,A,7.He wrote a letter to me,telling me everything _ he saw on the way to the Pari
12、s.A.what B.that C.which D.where,8.Is oxygen（氧气）the only gas _ helps fire burn?A.that B./C.which D.it,9.Is there anything _ to you?A.that is belonged B.that belongs C.which belongs D.that belong,B,A,B,a)在 there be 句型中，只用 that，不 用 which。,b)不定代词，如：anything,nothing,the one,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时，
13、只用 that，不用 which。,c)先行词有 the only,the very 修饰时，只用 that。,d)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时，只用 that。,e)先行词既有人，又有物时。,1.Do you know who lives in the building _ there is a well?A.in front of it B.in front of whose C.in front of which D.in front which,2.Ill never forget the day _ I joined the League.A.on which B.in wh
14、ich C.which D.at which,3.The woman _ my brother spoke just now is my teacher.A.who B.to whom C.to who D.whom,C,A,B,4.Jeanne was her old friend,_ she borrowed a necklace.A.from who B.from whom C.to that D.to whom,5.His glasses,_ he was like a blind man（盲人）,fell to the ground and broke its leg.A.which
15、 B.with which C.without which D.that,B,C,介词关系代词引导的定语从句，关键是判断介词的选择，方法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词（习惯搭配），再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断,结合生活实际来判断。,结论:,Is this the factory _ you visited last year?,Is this factory _ you visited last year?,1.,a.that b.where c.in which d.the one,2.,All _ I need is a good rest.,You know _ I need is
16、 a good rest.,a.what b.all what c.that d.which,a,d,c,a,3.,Mr Smith is one of those forei-gners who_ working in China.,Mr Smith is the only one of those foreigners who _ work-ing in China.,a.is b.has c.have d.are,4.,Pisa is a city,_ has a lean-ing tower.,Pisa is a city,_ there is a leaning tower.,a.w
17、hich b.that c.where d.there,d,a,a,c,5.,This is the place _ we visit-ed last year.,This is the place _ we worked last year.,a.which b.where c.in that d.there,6.,The news _ he told us was very exciting.,He told us the news _ our team had won the game.,a.what b.as c.that d.which,a,b,c/d,c,在实践中要注意定语从句与其它从句的结构上的细微差别,能够正确区分使用它们。,结论,定语从句（Attributive Clauses）：一个名词或代词的定语是一个句子，这个句子就是一个定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词是先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。,Thank you all!,
