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1、过去进行体的用法,Group four,(一)表示过去某时正在进行的动作,1）过去进行体可以表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。When I went downstairs,they were already eating breakfast.2)也可表示过去某一阶段一直进行的动作。They were building a dam last winter.,3）人们常在口语中和记叙文中首先用过去进行体表示某种正在进行的动作为背景，并由此引出用一般过去时表示的新的事态和情节。I was talking to the librarian this morning,and he said we had
2、to return all the reference books before Saturday.,（二）表示过去某种习惯性动作,1）过去进行体所表示的习惯动作通常是指过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯。George was getting up at five everyday that week.2）过去进行体也可与always,constantly,continually,for ever等状语连用表示感情色彩。,My brother was always losing his keys.3)频度状语也有仅起强调作用，而不带感情色彩的。I remember my grandfather was
3、always smoking a cigar.,4）用来描写故事发生的情景时。如：It was a dark night.The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily.,5）when作并列连词，表示“（这时）突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如：I was taking a walk when I met him.我正在散步，突然遇见了他。,6）go,come,leave,start,arrive等动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。如：I was leaving for Wu
4、han that day.那天我正要去武汉。,（三）表示过去将来时间里的动作,1）过去进行体在一定上下文中也可表示按照计划安排即将发生的过去将来事态。They were leaving a few days later.2)过去进行体用在某些时间状语和条件状语分句中还可表示过去将来时间正在进行的动作。He told me to wake him up if he was sleeping.,（四）表示现在,将来时间里的动作,1)表示婉转口气 用过去进行体表示婉转口气只限于hope,want,wander等动词，主要用来表示有礼貌的请求。I was hoping/hoped you could
5、send me some books.I was wondering/wondered if youd like to come out with me one evening.,在这里，一般用过去时也是表示客气的请求，但过去进行体更加婉转，更加有礼貌。I hope you can send me some books.I hoped you could send me some books.I am hoping you can send me some books.I was hoping you could send me somebooks.以上四例只有婉转程度的区别，而没有时间关系差
6、异。这四种动词形式都表示现在的请求。,2)表示主观臆想的情况 过去进行体这一用法仅限于某些固定结构。a)I wish(但愿)they were not talking so loudly.b)Id rather（宁可）you were going at once.a）与b）分别表示现在时间和将来时间。过去进行体的这一用法通常可与一般过去时 交换使用，意义没有区别。I wish we were going/went.Its time we were leaving/left.,（五）过去进行体与一般过去时用法比较,a）表示已完成的动作用一般过去时，表示未完成的动作用过去进行体。I was rea
7、ding a novel yesterday.(未读完)I read a novel yesterday.(已读完)b）一般过去时通常只说明过去某事发生某事，而过去进行体则侧重在动作的持续时间，而不仅是说明事实。,It rained/was raining all night.c）当一般过去时与过去进行体同时出现在句中时，通常是表示较短的动作用一般过去时，表示较长的动作用过去进行体。I broke a glass while I was cooking the dinner.d）在口语中，说话人表示所谈内容是随便的，非故意的，或者无一定目的性的，常用过去进行体。,I was hearing J
8、ohn had got a new job.e）注意一般过去时和过去进行体表示的动作的时间顺序。比较：When we arrived,she was making some fresh coffee.When we arrived,she made some fresh coffee.当前一例表示到达时她正在煮咖啡，后一例表示到达以后她才煮咖啡。后一例中的when after,前后两个动作表示先后性，并非同时性。,f）表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词（如be，like，love，hate，fear，own，hear，see，know，want，notice）可用于一般过去时，但通常不用
9、过去进行时。如：I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food.我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。,g）一般过去时与always，constantly，forever，continually等连用，表示“过去经常性、习惯性的动作”；而过去进行时与always，constantly，forever，continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感情色彩。如：He always got up at six.他过去总是六点起床。He was always thinking of his work.他总是一心想到工作。,Thanks for your listening,
