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1、过去分词1构成谓语have/had doneto have done/having donebe doneto be done/to have been donebeing done/having been done,2过去分词作表语I felt confused,even bored.我有点迷惑不解.甚至有点烦。The play is _.A.interest B.interested C.interesting D.interestsHe was _ in music.interest vt.使感兴趣“be+表语”结构表示一种状态，而被动语态表示一个动作。I am(very)annoyed
2、 with him.我对他很生气。I was annoyed by mosquitoes all night.我彻夜给蚊子闹苦了。,I am(very)surprised at your behavior.我对你的行为大为震惊。I was surprised by a knock at the door.有人敲门使我吃了一惊。3过去分词作定语required courses 必修课 a closed shopa _ movie 感人的电影a _ audience 被感动了的一群观众an _ story 令人激动的故事_ people 激动的人们move vt 使感动 excite vt使激动;
3、使兴奋,1)过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成。现在分词作定语通常带有主动意义和未完成意义。a moving movie 感人的电影a moved audience 被感动了的一群观众an exciting story 令人激动的故事 excited people 激动的人们2)有些不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成，不表示被动含义。falling snow 正在下的雪/fallen snow 落在地上的雪boiling water 沸腾的水/boiled water煮开的水the rising sun/the risen sun,3)有些过去分词短语跟在所修饰词后面，作用接近于一个定语从句。The
4、 bridge built last year has played an important part in this areas traffic.4)The bridge being built will be important in this areas traffic.,The question to be discussed tomorrow involves pollution.明天要讨论的问题涉及污染问题。II.The question being discussed now involves pollution.现在正讨论的问题涉及污染问题。III.The question
5、discussed yesterday involves pollution.昨天讨论过的问题涉及污染问题。to be done 表示“即将被做”being done表示“正在被做”done表示“已被做完”或只表示“完成”,4过去分词作宾语补足语I had my computer repaired yesterday.昨天我找人修好了电脑。He watched the bed carried out of the door.1 I saw him _(enter)the hall.我看见他进了大厅。2 I saw him _(walk)into the hall.我看见他正走进大厅。3 I h
6、ave never heard this song _(sing)in English.我从未听过这首歌用英语唱过。4 I can hear this song _(sing)in the hall now.我现在能听见这首歌正在大厅内被人演唱。,1 I saw him enter the hall.我看见他进了大厅。2 I saw him walking into the hall.我看见他正走进大厅。3 I have never heard this song sung in English.我从未听过这首歌用英语唱过。4 I can hear this song being sung i
7、n the hall now.我现在能听见这首歌正在大厅内被人演唱。see sb/sth do doing done being done,5过去分词作状语p337/p5511）时间状语Told of his mothers accident,Jack immediately phoned the hospital.得知母亲出事以后，杰克立即给医院打电话。2）原因状语Seriously injured,she had to be sent to hospital at once.由于受伤严重，需要将她尽快送到医院。3)条件状语 Considered from this point,the qu
8、estion will be of great importance.从这一点看，这个问题就是非常重要的。,She will gladly come to your house if invited.如果接到邀请，她会很高兴到你家来的。4）让步状语Accompanied by two of his friends,he still felt unsafe.尽管有两个朋友陪伴，他仍觉得不安全。5）伴随状语Mary came out of the room,followed by her dog.玛丽从房间里走出来，她的狗跟在后面。,done,being done,having been done
9、 作状语的区别三者都表示被动，一般说来表示伴随的状语可以用being done,但一般被done取代。having been done 往往强调发生在主句谓语动作之前完成，或已经持续一段时间的动作或状语，如果不强调时间先后或持续一段时间，则直接用done形式。The boy was running along the street,(being)followed by a dog.小男孩沿着街道跑着，后面跟着一条狗。,(Being)led by the local guide,we went further into the virgin forest.在当地向导的带领下，我们走进了原始森林的
10、深处。Brought up abroad,he knows little about his hometown.他在国外长大，因此对自己的故乡了解得很少。Having been well tended for half a year,the patient became far better.被精心照料半年后，这位病人情况好转。,1 _ in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A.Being founded B.It was foundedC.Founded D.Founding2
11、He sent me an e-mail,_ to get further information.A.hoped B.hoping C.to hope D.hope 3 The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried outD.to carry out,1C 2B 3C独立主格结构独立主格结构用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构具有两个特点；独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在；独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分
12、开。名词/代词+不定式/现在分词/过去分词/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语等1）不定式构成的独立主格结构不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的行为或状态。Lots of work to do,I have to work extra hours.由于有很多的活要做，我只得加班工作。(=As/Because I have lots of work to do),2）现在分词的独立主格结构All the students having sat down,the lecture began.(=After all the students had sat down)所有学生坐好之后，讲座开始了。3
13、）过去 分词的独立主格结构The test finished,well have our summer vacation.(=After the test has been finished)考试结束以后,我们将开始暑假了.When in trouble,Sadie would sit alone,head bent.塞迪遇到麻烦时,总是独自坐着,头低着。,More time given,we can finish the work.(=If more time is given)这本书包括很多滑稽图片，所以很多孩子喜欢阅读。4)逻辑主语+名词Many people come to visit
14、 the city,most of them foreigners.很多人来参观这个城市，其中大多数是外国人。5）逻辑主语+形容词The floor wet,we stayed outside.6）逻辑主语+副词The boy stood before his mother,his head down.,6）逻辑主语+介词短语He was reading a newspaper,his back against the window.他正背靠着窗户读报纸。The guard stood by the door,(a)gun in(his)hand.With+宾语+宾语补足语（不定式/现在分词/
15、过去分词/形容词/副词/介词短语等）With the floor wet,I had to stay outside.由于地板是湿的，我只得呆在屋外。He used to sleep with the windows open.With so much work to do,I can not spare a minute.有这么多活要做，我一分钟也省不出来。,He was working there with only a shirt on.她只穿一件衬衣在那里干活。With so many children talking and laughing,I couldnt settle down to my work.这么多孩子又说又笑，我不能沉下心工作。He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.他站了一刹那，他的手仍然举者。The teacher came into the room,with a book in his hand.,
