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1、高三英语复习指导短 文 改 错,短文改错“一性”,准确性 即考查学生能否准确运用英语语言知识，无论从词法、句法，还是从语法、行文逻辑等方面都符合英语语言规律。,短文改错“二规范”,一、答题格式规范二、卷面书写规范,短文改错“四步骤”,1.通读短文 掌握大意 2.细读全文 弄清结构 3.字斟句酌 先易后难 4.复读全文 验证答案,一、每行改动不能超过一处原则 短文改错要求每行只能改动一处，可增词、减词或换词，但只能是增加一词或减少一词或把一个词改成另一个词。当然，没有错误的行无需改动。二、虚词添加或删除原则 历年高考英语的短文改错题需要添、删的地方差不多有3处或4处。这些需要增、删的词一般都是虚
2、词（如冠词、代词、关系词等）；一般不增、删实词（如动词、名词等），否则会改变句子的原意。例如：1.In some places you may borrow as many books as you want;in other places where you are limited to a certain number,of which some may be novels.（删去where）.in other places 后面不应该跟where引导的定语从句。如果将其视为定语从句，那么整个句子的结构就错了。2.But he was even more surprised to see
3、few children near the tigers cage.(在few前面加a）此行错误为few前面少了一个不定冠词a，因为从句意上看是“有几个孩子”，few前面加上a后，语法、语义都正确无误。但不少学生把few改为some或many，这样改，从语法上看虽然改正了错误，句子也通顺，但是把“几个”改成了“一些”或“许多”，与句子原意有了出入，所以不是正确的改法。,短文改错“五原则”（一）,返回,短文改错“五原则”（二）,三、实词改变词形原则 在短文改错题中，对实词的处理一般只是改变它的形式，而不能改变其词义或改换成另一个实词，更不能随便加以添删。例如：1.Would you mind d
4、o me a favor?（把do改为doing）此句考查动词mind后面应该跟动词的-ing形式作宾语。也许你会把mind删去，将原句变成：Would you do me a favor?这样改，虽然语法上是对的，但是它却改变了句子的原意。故不是正确的改法。2.Im sure well have a wonderfully time together.（把wonderfully改为wonderful）。原句中的wonderfully是副词，不能用作定语修饰名词time。若把wonderfully改为good，虽然语法上正确，但是却削弱了语气。,返回,短文改错“五原则”（三）,四、句子原意不变
5、原则 该原则即不能改变文章或作者所表达的意思，包括其语气和上下文的逻辑关系。如：1.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.（删掉at）.去掉at之后，the moment起着连词的作用，相当于as soon as，用来引导时间状语从句。很多学生在moment后面添上了when，使得后面的句子成了一个定语从句，修饰the moment。这样改，语法上虽然正确，但强调的却是“自己什么时间睡着的”。从整篇文章看，说话者是强调自己累，而不是强调睡觉时间。故不能在moment后面添when。2
6、.But I know a bull can run more faster than a man.（把more改为much）五、正确句不改原则 该原则即可改可不改时选择不改原则，而重点考虑其他句误。,1.短文改错题往往都是内容较为浅显，题材较为轻松，记叙文。例如从1996年至2003年短文内容分别为：美国家庭、英语笔友、喜爱的运动、电视对学生的利与弊、英语演讲比赛、独生子女、游峨眉山、用英文写日记的好处。2.短文改错题的错误大都出现在句子表层，并不难发现。涉及段落上下文的，较难的错误多保持在1-3处，较难的错一般是动词时态或行文逻辑方面的错误。,短文改错“六特点”（一）,返回,3.短文改错题
7、中的错误分为语法错误和逻辑错误两种。近年来,短文改错中多词现象主要出现在冠词、介词、连词、助动词、语义重复或行文逻辑等方面。少词现象主要出现在冠词(名词前)、介词(不及物动词后或固定结构中)、助动词、不定式符号to、连词、语义不完整等方面。错词现象主要出现在冠词、介词、连词、助动词、名词的单复数、动词时态或语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致关系、词类。,短文改错“六特点”（二）,返回,4.短文改错题一般在10行以上，每行8-12词，共计120词左右.5.短文改错题多半按“1216型”设计：即：对1处；多词2处；少词1处；错词6处。如：96、97、99-01、03年.98年为1126型，2002年为12
8、25型，湖北2004为1117型.6.1999年之前的高考短文改错句子相对比较简单，多为简单句或并列句。2000年后短文改错句子相对比较复杂，较长的复合句越来越多了。,短文改错“六特点”（三）,短文改错“九一致”（1）,一时态一致 短文中谓语动词的时态要与上下文、特定语言环境及该句的时间状语保持一致。例1My favorite sport is football.I was a member of our football team.(NMET98)全文都是一般现在时，此句中was 显然与上下问不一致，应改为am。例2.I remembered her words and calm down.
9、(NMET 2000).此处为一描述过去事件的语境.应与前文remembered 保持一致，须改为calmed。例3.Today,it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past.(NMET 93).第一个is 与时间状语today一致，第二个is则应改为was,使之与其时间状语in the past 一致。,短文改错“九一致”（2）,二主谓一致 谓语动词在人称和数上要与主语保持一致.如：1.Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.(NMET2000).主语为A a
10、nd B时，谓语动词一般为复数，应改为are。2.Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong(NMET98).此句中与谓语动词用单数makes，主语要与之一致，须将play改为动名词Playing。,短文改错“九一致”（3）,三平行一致 not onlybut also,neithernor以及and,but,or等并列连词或词组连接的结构被称为平行结构。在此类结构中，词性时态等形式须保持前后一致。例1.Playing football not only makes but also give us a sense of fa
11、ir play and team spirit.(NMET98).依据平行一致原则，此处give应与makes保持一致，改为gives.例2.It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.(NMET96).此句中的drove应与to meet保持平行，故改为drive。,四数的一致 名词的数须与其修饰语保持一致.如：1.We study quite a few subject,such as maths,Chinese(NMET97)quite a few只修饰复数名词
12、，保持一致,subject应改为subjects.例2They asked me lots of question.(NMET96)与lots of保持一致的只能是复数名词，应改为questions.,短文改错“九一致”（4）,短文改错“九一致”（5）,五主饰一致 主饰一致即句中的主要词（中心词）应与其修饰词保持一致。例如：1.so that Ill get good marks in all my subject.(NMET2001).all 若修饰可数名词时,其后名词应为复数形式，Subject改为subjects。2.She said that she and my schoolmate
13、 all wished me success.(NMET2000)all修饰的主语部分应是三者以上，故schoolmate应为schoolmates.3.Unfortunate,there are too many people(NMET99)Unfortunate应作状语，修饰整个句子，此时应为副词unfortunately 才可保持一致。,短文改错“九一致”（6）,六.指代一致 用于指代的各类代词应在数、格、性 上与上下文保持一致。如：1.The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(NEMT96)The Smiths 为一复数概念，故指
14、代词也应为第三人称复数 their.2I live in Beijing,where is the capital of China.(NMET97).此处应为作主语的关系代词which.3 And I cant forget the food you cooked for I.(NMET95).此处I 应作介词的宾语，故改为me 才可保持一致。七语态一致 句中谓语动词或非谓语动词应与上下文语态一致.如：1.Books may be keep for four weeks.(NEMT94)与其主语Books相对应，此处应为被动语态，故keep应改为kept。,短文改错“九一致”（7）,八搭配一
15、致 句中的固定搭配应保持完整并与上下文一 致。例1.I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf.(NMET2000),sothat为固定搭配。as改为that.例2I look forward to hear from you soon.(NMET97)look forward to 中to 是介词，其后应为动名词hearing。例3.I have neither brothers nor sisters-in any other words,I am an only child.(NMET2001),in any other words意为“换言之”，应
16、为in other words。例4.It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station（NMET 96).for改为of，习惯表达。,短文改错“九一致”（8）,九逻辑一致 这是一种隐蔽性较强且年年必考的错误，检查时应通篇考虑，重点在连词、代词，肯定与否定，等。例1.She was smiling but nodding at me.(NMET2000)。but 应为and。例2.And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game.(NM
17、ET98)通读全文，都是用第一人称，这时突然用到they,显然不一致，应改为we.,1.Dont lose hearts,youll be successful in time.1_2.I need some more informations.2_3.These machines look the same,but they are of different kind.3_4.People remember him for his contribution to the country.4_,返回,单句改错训练名词和数词,句改错训练 冠 词,1.You cant consider him a
18、 honest man.1_2.In China,children usually start school at an age of seven.2_3.The play is set in the Paris.3_4.I cant stop because Im in hurry.4_,返回,单句改错训练 代 词,1.Knowing is one thing;doing is other.1_2.This is the best film which I have ever seen.2_3.I also enjoyed the days when we spent together.3_
19、4.The ones what you decide not to keep can be traded with other people.4_5.He drove too fast,and the police stopped her and handed him a ticket.5_,返回,1.The bad news made us feel sadly.1_2.Are you certainly that he will help us check the information?2_3.The children learn to read and write,they play
20、games as good.3_4.He set off for work an hour before.4_5.I hate him as many as you do.5_6.He was caught in a heavily rain.6_,返回,单句改错训练 形容词和副词,单句改错训练 动 词,1.So far,he made a living by picking up wastes.1 _2.The church burned down yesterday date from the 18th century.2_3.He is said saving money to buy
21、a bicycle.3_4.Money is spent in look after people with illnesses.4_5.Compare to 1992,the price of grain was increased about 50%.5_6.Judge From his accent,he is a southerner.6_7.With a boy led the way,they started towards the village.7_,返回,单句改错训练 介 词,1.Waving ones hand can be accepted for crying for
22、help.1_ 2.He called Jenny on the hope of getting help from her.2_3.Both Mary and her mother were pleased at the girl.3_4.They will start working after an hour.4_5.He is the very person that set the theater in fire.5_6.Your words encourage me to go on my study.6_,返回,单句改错训练 连词,1.Though it was cold,but
23、 he went out without a hat.1_2.He likes sports,but I like music.2_3.Pick out the wrong sentences but correct them.3_4.Work hard,and youll succeed sooner and later.4_5.Whatever you do,and Ill be right here waiting for you.5_6.This kind of car costs a lot of money,and he can afford it.6_,返回,When I fir
24、st learned to write in English,I ran into many 1_difficulties.The main problem was in that I always thought 2_in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.3 _ My teacher advised me to keep my diary.I followed her 4_advice and should put down 100 words or so each day.5_Soon I began to enjo
25、y talk to myself on paper as I was 6_learning to express me in simple English.One day I wrote 7_a little story and showed to My teacher.She liked it 8_very much and reads it to the class.All said the story was 9_a good one.Their word were a great encouragement to me.10_,短文改错训练NMET 2003,返回,短文改错训练NMET
26、湖北2004,I often dream of a teacher.I dream of standing on the 1_platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys 2_and girls.I teach them,play with them,but watch them 3_growing up.I am always young when I was staying 4_with them.I know there is not easy to be a teacher.You 5_have to learn i
27、n order to teach.Without enough knowledges,6_you can never learn well.What is more,you have to 7_be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.8_Only in this way can you be a good teacher and win 9_respect from them.Though I am a student now,I willwork as very hard to make my dream come true.10_ a,返回,Homework,Finish the exercises on the paper,欢迎指出宝贵意见,感谢您的光临,
