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1、动词的时态,动词时态表,一般现在时,1、表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often,always,seldom 等时间状语 He usually goes to work at 7 oclock every morning.2、主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点 She has a brother who lives in New York.,一般现在时,3、表示格言或警句 Pride goes before a fall.(骄兵必败)4、表示客观真理和科学事实等 The earth goes around the sun.Guangzhou is situated in the sout
2、h of China.,一般现在时的主要考点,考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.考点二：一般现在时的否定句和疑问句多借助动词。He knows some French,but doesnt know any German.,时间、条件、程度状语从句中动词的时态,在if、unless等词引导的条件状语从句，when till/until、as soon as、the time等词引导的时间状语从句，以及the mor
3、e the more 结构引导的程度状语从句中，当主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时表示将来时间。,NMET94年 38题I need one more stamp before my collection _.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed,D,NMET86 If it _tomorrow,the sports meet will not be held.A.rains B.will rain C.goes to rain D.shall rain,A,典型考题,1.Could y
4、ou tell me if it in winter in Beijing.A.snowed B.snows C.snow D.will snow2.Columbus proved that the earth _ round.A.was B.is C.were D.are,B,B,一般过去时,1、表示在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作The car isnt here.Where did you park it yesterday.2、表示过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。He used to smoke a lot.常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday;last w
5、eek;in 1945,at that time;once;during the war;before;a few days ago;when,一般过去时,3、表示现在发生的行为，语气婉转、客气Did you wish to see me now.4、在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise,一般过去时,5、表示现在或将来臆想的或非真实的情况，多用于以下句型：If she died,would you die too?她要是死了，你也去死吗？I wish I were back home.I d
6、ont like here.真希望我回到了家里。我不喜欢这儿。Id rather you didnt do it.我宁愿你不做这件事。Its time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。,一般过去时的考点,考点一：used to+do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。be/become/get used to+doing，表示习惯于He used to smoke a lot.He has got used to getting up early.考点二：一般过去时的否定句和各种疑问句多借用助动词。He knew some French,but didnt know any
7、 German.,典型考题：,1.Your phone number again?I quite catch it.Its 6958443.A.didnt B.couldnt C.dont D.cant,A,例二：NMET97 上海 19题-Oh,its you!I _ you.-Ive just had my hair cut and Im wearing new glasses.didnt recognize B.hadnt recognizedC.havent recognized D.dont recognize,A,判断正误,1、对不起，我没看见你在这儿。Sorry,I dont s
8、ee you here.Sorry,I didnt see you here.2、我忘了把你的伞带来了。I forget to bring your umbrella with me.I forgot to bring your umbrella with me.,KEY:第二句正确。,一般将来时,1、shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如：Which paragraph shall I read first？我先读哪一段呢？Will you be at home at seven this evening?今晚七点回家好
9、吗？,一般将来时,2、be going to+不定式，表示将来。（1）主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow?明天打算作什么呢？（2）计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。（3）有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds,there is going to be a storm.看那乌云，快要下雨了。,一般将来时,3、be+不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：We are to discuss the r
10、eport next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。4、be about to+不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：He is about to leave for Beijing.他马上要去北京。！注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow,next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。,过去将来时,一般表示对过去来说的将来时间的动词形式。如：He said he would go to Hefei on business the next day.他说他第二天要去合肥出差。,现在进行时表示说话此刻或现阶段正在进行的行为，be（am/is/are）+现在分词,S
11、he is running,表示说话此刻正在进行的行为。（时间特征：now,at the moment；动作提示：look,Be quite）例如：We are waiting for you now.Look,they are swimming.,用法1,现阶段的行为表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。（时间特征：this term,these days）例如：Mr.Green is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说。How are you doing at school this term.你这学期学习情况如何？,用法2,用法3,与always,c
12、onstantly,forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：You are always changing your mind.你老是改变主意。,表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。We are leaving soon.我们马上就走。渐变动词，如get,run,grow,become,begin以及瞬间动词die等。He is dying.他要死了。Its getting warmer and warmer.天越来越热了。,用法4,典型考题,My dictionary _,I have looked for it everywhere b
13、ut still_ it.A.has lost,dont find B.is missing,dont find C.has lost,havent found D.is missing,havent found.,答案D.前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。,不用进行时的动词,1、表示事实状态的动词，如have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue等。例如：I have two brothers.我有两
14、兄弟。This house belongs to my sister.这房子是我姐的。,不用进行时的动词,2、表示心理状态的动词，如know,realize,think,see,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate等。例如：I need your help.我需要你的帮助。He loves her very much.他爱她很深。,不用进行时的动词,3、瞬间动词，如accept,receive,complete,finish,give,
15、allow,decide,refuse等。例如：I accept your advice.我接受你的劝告。4、系动词，如seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turn等。例如：You seem a little tired.你看上去有点累。,过去进行时,概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受
16、了伤。It was raining when they left the station.他们离开车站时，正下着雨。,过去进行时,1.过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。这一特定的时间可用时间状语连用。如：at that time;at 8 oclock;when也可用上下暗示。,NMET 1997 第10题 I first met Lisa three years ago.She _ at a radio shop at the time.has worked B.was working C.had been working D.had worked,B,NMET 1998第 20题S
17、hirley _ a book about China last year,but I dont know whether she has finished it.A.has written B.wrote C.had written D.was writing,D,NMET 1999 第 24 题-Hey,look where you are going!-Oh,Im terribly sorry,_.Im not noticing B.I wasnt noticing C.I havent noticed D.I dont notice,B,2.过去进行时常用于由when、while、as
18、引导的时间状语从句中，表示背景，引出由一般过去时表示的新动作。或：过去进行时（表示背景）+when+一般过去时（新发生的动作）。此时when 相当于at that time;just then.,NMET 2000 第25 题The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it.was travelling B.travelled C.had been travelling D.was to travel,A,典型考题,1.Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A.made B.is m
19、aking C.was making D.makes,答案C.割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，玛丽在做衣服时提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。,典型考题,2.As she _ the newspaper,Granny _ asleep.A.read；was falling B.was reading；fellC.was reading；was fallingD.read；fell,答案B.句中的as=when,while，意为当之时。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。句中的 fel
20、l（fall的过去时），是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。,现在完成时,主语+have/has+过去分词（肯定式）主语+have/has+not+过去分词（否定式）Have/Has+主语+过去分词（疑问式）I have had a clock now.我现在有一个闹钟了。We have not heard from him since 1999.自从1999年以来一直没有收到他的来信。How long have you waited for him?你已经等他多久了？,现在完成时的考点,1、多和for、since引导的状语连用 Since 用来说明动作起始时间 for 用来说明动作
21、延续时间长度 I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。I have lived here since I was born.我从出生起就住在这儿了。,since的四种用法,1）since+过去一个时间点I have been here since 1989.1989起，我一直在这儿。2）since+一段时间+ago。I have been here since five months ago.我在这儿，已经有五个月了。,since的四种用法,3）since+从句。Great changes have taken place
22、 since you left.你走后，变化可大了。4）It is+一段时间+since从句。It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我考上研究生有两年了。,用于现在完成时的句型,2.It is the first/second time.that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。如：It is the first time that I have visited the city.这是我第一次访问这城市。3.This is+形容词最高级+that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如：This is the best fil
23、m that Ive（ever）seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。,区别几个“到某地去”的词组,Have been in过去曾去过，现已回，表示一种经验或经历Have been to过去到过，现已返回，是最近的经历Have gone to到某地去了，现还没有回来,延续动词与瞬间动词,用于完成时的区别延续动词表示经验、经历；瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如：He has completed the work.他已完成了那项工作。（表结果）Ive known him since then.我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历）,延续动词与瞬间动词,用于till/until从句的差
24、异 延续动词用于肯定句，表示做直到 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示到，才。例如：He didnt come back until ten oclock.他到10 点才回来。He slept until ten oclock.他一直睡到10,She _ Robert for a year.A.married B.married with C.has been marrying D.has been married to,D,Marry是瞬间性动作，不能和for+时间段的状语连用。要表示状态的用has been married to sb.“和某人结婚”是marry sb.,-Do you know o
25、ur town at all?-No,this is the first time I _ here.was B.have been C.came D.have gone,B,典型考题,1.You dont need to describe her.I _ her several times.A.had metB.have met C.met D.meet,答案B.首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。,典型考题,2.-Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh,not at al
26、l.I _ here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be,答案A.等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。,过去完成时,主语+had+过去分词（肯定式）主语+had+not+过去分词（否定式）Had+主语+过去分词（疑问式）We had not heard from him since we left here.自从我们离开以来一直没有收到他的来信。,过去完成时的用法,1.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如：She said（that）she had nev
27、er been to Paris.她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。2.状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。,过去完成时的用法,3.表示意向的动词，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能。例如：We had hoped that you would come,but you didnt.那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。,过去完成时的用法,4、在
28、by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。By the end of last year,we had produced 20,000 cars.The train had left before we reached the station.,过去完成时的用法,5、表示“一就”的几个句型：Hardly had+主语+过去分词+when+一般过去时。No sooner had+主语+过去分词+than+一般过去时。Scarcely had+主语+过去分词+before+一般过去时。No sooner
29、had we been seated than the bus started.我们一坐下，车就开了。,典型考题,The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A.had written,leftB，were writing,has leftC.had written,had leftD.were writing,had left,答案D.把书忘在办公室发生在去取书这一过去的动作之前，因此忘了书这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在同学们正忙于这一
30、背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。,总结性练习,When I was at college I _three foreign languages,but I _-all except a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgotten C.had spoken;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten,2.-Has Tom finished his composition yet?-I have no idea;he _ it this mornin
31、g.A.wrote B.had written C.has written D.was writing,3.-I havent heard from Henry for a long time.-What do you suppose _ to him?A.was happening B.to happen C.has happened D.had happened,4.Jack _ a postman for about six years.A.has become B.has turned C.has changed D.has been,B,D,C,D,5.Would you pleas
32、e give him the message the moment he _?A.arrives B.arrived C.is arriving D.will arrive.,A,1.I wonder what has become of your company?-_?It is as good as ruined because of bad management.A.Dont you hear about it B.Havent you heard about it C.Wont you hear about it D.Hadnt you heard about it,析：B。What
33、has become of sb./sth.?意为“某人/某物怎么了”。答语用现在完成时，表示现在的结果。,2.It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love,at the age of seven,with the library in my hometown.A.wouldnt have fallen B.should not fall C.had not fallen D.were not to fall,析：C。提干中what I would be doing today表示与现在事实相反的
34、虚拟语气，可见，if 引导的条件句也应该使用虚拟语气，但条件句中的时间状语为at the age of seven表示过去，说明与过去事实相反，故应选用过去完成时,3.Aha,Ive graduated from college,and now I can say good-bye to mathematics.-But if you _ well in maths at college,youll find economics,which has much to do with your future work,difficult to understand.A.havent done B.
35、dont do C.hadnt done D.didnt do,析：D。讲话人强调“已从大学毕业了”，所以“在大学学数学时”应发生在过去某一时间，用一般过去时。句中没有表示“过去的过去”的意义，不可使用过去完成时。,4.-Were they late for the play?-Not really.As soon as they _ themselves in their seats in the theatre,the curtain _.A.settled;went up B.settled;had gone up C.were settled;went up D.were settling;had gone up,析：A.问句使用了一般过去时，说明动作在过去发生。as soon as 引导的是时间状语从句，主从句的动作是紧接着发生，所以都用一般过去时，themselves 用作动词settle的宾语，所以settle不可使用被动语态。,
