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1、,Noun clauses as the subject 主语从句,Conjunctions(关联词),what,who,which,whatever,whoever,that,whether,when,where,why,how,1.is certain.（我们将迟到了）2._ is known to all.(地球是圆的)3._ is a pity(你错过了这次机会),That the earth is round,That you missed the chance,二 whether 是否，表不确定的事情.,That we shall be late,hurts him so much
2、.（她离开他）,一.that _-只起引导作用，不充当成分，但不能省略。没有意义。,1).That she left him,_ is not easy to say(他是否会来这）,2)Whether he will come here,(If he will come here.),3)_is more practice.(我们所需要的）,what 在从句中作主语。,4）is under discussion.,When 在从句中作状语,What we need,When we will begin the meeting,“if”不能引导主语从句,三。其他疑问词,一、位于句首的主语从句,
3、Who will do it _been decided(have/has)What he needs _ that book.What he needs _ some books.,is,are,2.单个主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。两个（或两个以上）谓语动词用复数形式。,Where and when he was born _ not been found.(2)When the person was murdered and why he was murdered _ unknown.,has,1.主语从句中，谓语动词一般用单数,注意,What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定,are
4、,(1)It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that 事实是 a pity/a good idea/an honour/a mystery/a pleasure common knowledge(常识)no wonder(难怪),(2)It is 形容词 从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is likely that 很有可能 obvious/unknown/certain,二、it作形式主语的主语从句,注意：如果形容词是important,necessary,strange,natural等词时，从句使用虚拟语气（should+V.）。,1.It is
5、important that you should learn English well.,2.真奇怪你竟然喜欢上他。It is strange that you should like him.,(3)It 过去分词 从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说,注意：如果过去分词是“坚持,命令,建议,要求”等词时，从句使用虚拟语气（should+V.）。,建议他应该卧床休息。It is suggested that you _ _in bed.,should stay,(4)It 不及物动
6、词 从句 It seems/appears that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧,注意：what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语、宾语、表语,而that 则不然。1)What you said yesterday is right.2)That she is still alive is a surprise.,Whatever and whoever,Whatever=anything that Whoever=anyone who不管是谁犯了法,他都应该受到惩罚。Whoever breaks the law s
7、hould be punished.Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.,【即学即练】_ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.A.That B.What C.Whether D.Where 2._ I have will be yours sooner or later.A.No matter what B.No matter whatever C.Whatever D.That,B,C,3._ we will hold the sports mee
8、t in time depends on _ it will be fine.A.If;if B.If;whetherC.Whether;if D.Whether;whether 4._ worries us a lot that so many students drop out of school in the poor mountainous areas.A.It B.That C.One D.What,D,A,5._ wants to run a business in this district must get a permit from the government first.
9、A.Who B.Whoever C.No matter who D.Those who,B,appositive Clauses 同位语从句,同位语从句一般跟在一些抽象名词后面,对名词作进一步解释说明.事实：fact,truth信息：news/word,message,information可能性：possibility,chance想法：idea,view,opinion,thought愿望:wish,hope doubt,belief,plan,decision,1.同位语从句含义,结构:n.+连接词+从句,2.引导同位语从句的连接词：从属连词that,whether连接副词when,wh
10、ere,why,how；（连接代词who，what，whose，which通常不引导同位语从句。）,I have no idea when she will be back.,1)太阳从东边升起之一事实为众人所知。The fact is known to all.2)毫无疑问物价会下降。There is no doubt3)谁应该出国这一问题需要考虑。The question needs consideration.4)我同意他我们举行晚会的建议。I agree to his suggestion,Practice Time,that the sun rises in the east,tha
11、t the prices will go down.,who should go abroad,that we should hold a party.,注意一：如果抽象名词是“坚持,命令,建议,要求”等词时，从句使用虚拟语气（should+V.）。,注意二：当主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。如：Word/News came that The story goes that,I have heard the news that he visited our factory.I have heard the news that he told you the other d
12、ay.,同位语从句和定语从句简易区别法：1)同位语从句that 只起连接作用,不作任何成分 定语从句 that 是关系代词,起连接作用和充当 宾语和主语2)同位语从句同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系,对名词进行补充说明 定语从句 定从和前面的名词是所属关系,对名词进行修饰,加以限定3)同位语从句that 不能省 定语从句 that 在从句中作宾语时,可以省,注意三 区别：同位语从句&定语从句,1.The news _ we won the competition is very encouraging.2.I have no idea _ has happened to him.,用thatw
13、hat填空,what,that,10,Correct or not?,*When the meeting will be held havent been known yet.,.be held hasnt been known yet.,Pay attention:主语从句的谓语用单数形式,10,Correct or not?,Pay attention:在此宾语从句中，it 充当形式宾语，真正的宾语为that 从句,I think it worthwhile that.,*I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on thes
14、e books.,10,*If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.,Correct or not?,Whether we will.decided yet.,Pay attention:放在名词性从句句首，表示“是否”，只能用whether,不能用if,10,Correct or not?,Pay attention:注意虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用！由demand,order,require,insist,suggest,advise等引导的宾语从句，或由demand,order,suggestion等引导的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓
15、语要用should+do 的形式,It is suggested that we should put off.,*It is suggested that we would put off the sports meeting because of the bad weather.,10,Correct or not?,Pay attention:注意虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用！在It is necessary important natural.that句型中，从句的谓语要用should+do 的形式,It is important that we should finish.,*It
16、is important that we will finish the work on time.,10,Correct or not?,Pay attention:由reason 做主语的表语从句只能用that 来引导。,The reason why he was late was that he was.,*The reason why he was late was because he was caught in a traffic jam.,10,Correct or not?,Pay attention:此主语从句缺少成分-宾语，故用作成分的what来引导，而不用that。,What she wants to know is.,*That she wants to know is when the party will be held.,10,Correct or not?,Pay attention:同位语从句的that 不能省略。,He expressed his hope that he would.,*He expressed his hope he would visit China again.,10,
