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1、Unit 1 My Computer,Section A Computer overviewIntroduction History1.the analytical engine2.early computers3.electronic computers4.integrated circuitsIII.HardwareIV.ProgrammingV.Future developments,Professional termsNumerical a.numerical dataManipulatev.manipulating informationTransactionn.banking tr
2、ansactionsAutomationn.techniques of automationEnhancev.enhances communication systemsConjecturen.new areas of conjectureDatabasen.database servicesPrivacyn.business privacy,Introduction,Notes device that can 限定性定语从句，修饰device.限定性定语从句修饰前面的名词，使其有别于其他同类名词。这类从句对清楚了解所修饰名词的特征是必不可少的。Carry out sth=carry sth
3、out:to do and complete a taskCould not have done:本不应该，本不可能Come about:to happen Except for=except 若不是Open up:to develop or start to happen or existIn itself:considered separately from other things,in its true nature.本身,Introduction,用于限定性关系从句的关系代词(没有 what)主格宾格所有格指代人whowhom/whowhosethat that指代物which wh
4、ich whose/of whichthat that 用于非限定性关系从句的关系代词(没有 what)主格宾格所有格指代人whowhom/whowhose指代物which which whose/of which,Introduction,NotesMake+宾语+available，make+宾语+possibleAvailable:(of sth)that you can get buy or find When will the information be made available?Further information is available on request.This
5、was the only room available.Every available doctor was called to the scene.(of a person)free to see or talk to people:Will you be available this afternoon?,Introduction,Professional termsPrecursorn.a precursor of a digital computerDigitn.a digit from 0 to 9Loomn.automatic loomPerforateda.perforated
6、wooden boardsConceivev.conceive the ideaPunched cardElectrical contactCpile statistical informationCensusn.United States census,II.History,NotesEmploy:(formal)use sth for a particular purposeeach tooth representing 现在分词代替从句，同时该分词有自己的主语。Improve on/upon sth:to achieve or produce sth that is of a bette
7、r quality than sth else.改进 改良in prep.:for a particular period of timeI havent seen him in years.Employing a system现在分词代替从句，主语与主句中的主语相同。,II.History,Professional termsAnalytical a.the analytical engineDifference Enginethe difference engineInput streaman input stream Analog a.analog computersShaftn.rot
8、ating shaftsApproximation n.numerical approximationCputing systemsTorpedon.torpedo course predictors Submarinen.in submarinesBombsightn.bombsight controllers,II.History 1.2.,NotesWork out:to plan or think of sthI have worked out a new way of doing it.Such as:for exampleThe good students such as Zhen
9、gXin and SunMing are becoming rare.machines,such as the difference engine,that 中的that 修饰前面的machines,such as作为插入语Consider:consider sb/sth(as)sthThis award is considered(to be)a great honor.He considers himself an expert on networking.,II.History 1.2.,NotesFail to:not succeed,not to do/反意 manage toI f
10、ailed in my attempt to persuade her.She failed to get into art college.He failed to keep the appointment.Put sth.into practice she has determine to put her new ideas into practicesBy means of sth:(formal)with the help of sth:The load was lifted by means of a crane.By no means:not at allShe is by no
11、means an inexperience teacher.,II.History 1.2.,Professional termsIncorporatev.incorporated 1500 vacuum tubesVacuum tubeCrackv.Crack German radio messagesEncipherv.enciphered in the Enigma codePrototype n.a prototype electronic machineOvershadow n.be overshadowedIntegratorn.electronic numerical integ
12、ratorPatentn.ENIAC is granted a patent.Overturnv.be overturned,II.History 3.,Professional termsHungarian a.Hungarian-American mathematicianMemoryn.were stored within a memoryPaper-tape readerExecutionn.during executionTranrsistorn.the transistor in computerAdventn.marked the adventVersatile a.versat
13、ile logical elements,II.History 3.,NotesIn the largely successful attempt to:an act of trying do sth,especially sth difficult.Two factories were closed in an attempt to cut costs.Independently of sb/sthThe two departments work independently of each other.PatentApply for patent/obtain a patent on an
14、inventionThe device was protected by patent.This device was granted a patent.,II.History 3.,NotesBased on sth:if one thing is based on another,it uses it or is developed from it.The report is based on figures from six cities.Free.From./of sth:not containing or affected by sth harmful or unpleasant:F
15、ree from difficulty It was several weeks before he was completely free of pain.fat-free yoghurt/tax-free earnings/a trouble-free life/duty free 免税,II.History 3.,Professional termsintegrated circuitIC集成电路Large-scale integrated circuit LSI大规模集成电路Very large-scale skeilintegrated circuit VLSI 超大规模集成电路*s
16、后发音：t-d,k-g,p-b,stable,scale,springLogical elementFabricate v.be fabricated onSiliconn.silicon substrate 硅衬底Substraten.Microprocessor n.the microprocessorMicrochipn.Etchv.be etched intoBinarya.eight binary digitsBitn.bps 网络传输数据的最小单位Byten.Bps 文件存储的最小单位(1 Byte=8 bits)Datumn.Data pl.,II.History 4.,Prof
17、essional termsGraphicsn.a graphics symbolDecimala.the decimal numberSwitcha.in its switchesChipn.memory-chipInstructionsetOngoinga.The ongoing development,II.History 4.,NotesResult in sth:to make sth happenThe cyclone has resulted in many thousands of deaths.Compare A to B:to show or state that sb/s
18、th is similar to sb/sth else.The teacher compared his work to your work.of which 介词+which 的定语从句在科技英语中很常见,II.History 4.,Professional termsConceptuallyad.Conceptually similarMicrocomputern.a microcomputerDesktopn.a desktoplaptopn.a laptopBriefcasen.in a briefcasePalmtopn.a palmtopWorkstationn.a workst
19、ationMinicomputern.a minicomputer Mainframen.a mainframeSupercomputern.a supercomputerBusn.a bus,III.Hardware,NotesRegardless of prep.:paying no attention to sth/sbThe club welcomes all new members regardless of age.They can be divided into several categories on the basis of cost and performance.It
20、is a system composed of five distinct elements.Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.England,Scotland and Wales compose the island of Great Britain.,III.Hardware,Professional termsDedicateda.dedicated computersEmbedv.are embedded incircuitryn.in their circuitry,IV.Programming,NotesOnce conj.:as s
21、oon as/whenWe didnt know how we would cope once the money had gone.As conj:in the way in whichthey did as I had asked.she lost it,just as I said she would.A wide range of the hotel offers a wide range of facilities and services.,IV.Programming,Professional termsMicrominiaturization n.the tend is mic
22、rominiaturizationSuperconductivity n.the use of superconductivityArtificial intelligence Neuraln.neural networkMimicv.it mimics the architectureArchitecturen.the architecture of the systemNputer networking,V.Future developments,NotesSpeed up:to move or happen faster;or make sth move or happen fasterThe train soon speeded up.They have speeded up production of the new car.Merit:to do sth to deserve praise,attentionThe case does not merit further investigation.,V.Future developments,
