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1、英语基本概念 梳理,2004-8-19,词法学习 1。动词（1）行为动词 I stayed at home and did some work.我呆在家里做些事。Ive just had a coffee,thanks.谢谢，我刚刚用过咖啡。,It has not yet been announced who will judge the case.谁来判这个案子还没有宣布。I dont know how to dress right.我不知道怎样穿着得体。,Dont expect money to buy you happiness.别指望拿金钱去买快乐。He was killed doin
2、g his duty.他以身殉职。,Organizations hope to improve the publics environmental awareness.,Cancer strikes in every country in the world.,癌症袭击全球各国。,.,组织者希望提高公众的环境意识。,（2）持续动词,Shakespeare lived from 1564 to 1616.,We watched the train until it disappeared in the distance.,莎士比亚生于1564年，死于1616年。,我们注视着火车直到它在远处消失。
3、,She wore a new dress for the ceremony.,她为参加庆典穿了一身新装。,I hope it doesnt rain tomorrow.,我希望明天不要下雨。,He came round earlier but he only stayed for a few minutes.,他来得比较早可是只呆了几分钟。,I read about it in this mornings newspaper.,我是在今天的早报上读到这个消息的。,（3）及物动词,She spread a cloth over the table.,她铺了一张桌布。,I let him hav
4、e my watch for his camera.,我让他的相机和我的手表交换了一下。,It puzzled me why she agreed to come when she is so busy.,我奇怪她既然那么忙为什么同意来。,If you know the answer raise your hand.,如果知道答案就举手。,The doctor told me to get more sleep.,医生告诉我要多睡眠。,（4）不及物动词,Wait outside the door until you are asked to get in.,在外面等着，叫你进来，你再进来。,I
5、t poured with rain throughout the night.,整夜大雨瓢泼。,The sun rises when it appears above the horizon.,太阳从地平线上升起。,Bombs were falling on the city all night.,整夜向这座城市投弹。,You cant expect the money to appear from nowhere.,不能要来路不明的钱。,I could see people moving to and for in the square.,我看到人们在广场上来来往往。,Were hopin
6、g for good weather,of course.,我们当然希望好天气。,She often wished for a quieter life.,她总是希望过上安静一点的生活。,（5）及物与不及物动词,The children greatly desire to come to Beijing.,孩子们最大的愿望是来北京。,He promised(me)not to interfere.,他答应不予干扰。,Write me when time permits.,时间允许的话写封信来。,（6）反身动词,They dressed themselves like the villagers
7、.,他们打扮成村民。,The little girl hid herself in the big box.,小姑娘把自己藏在大箱子里。,You may help yourself to the books on the shelf.,书在架子上，你自己拿。,（7）系动词,He went a child but returned an old man.,他走时还是孩童，归时已是老人。,What you said sounds all right.,你说的听上去还不错。,The problem seems quite simple.,这个问题似乎挺简单。,The plan proved prac
8、ticable.,这个计划证明可行。,Dont marry too young.,结婚不要太早。,Mr Wang Luobins story has long remained a mystery.,王洛宾的故事很久以来是个谜。,（8）表感觉知觉动词,I could smell he had been smoking.,我能闻出他抽烟。,My leg ached after long trip.,走长路后我的腿疼。,Im sorry;I hope I didnt hurt you.?,对不起，我没有伤害你吧？,（9）表心理动词,It is understood that you will co
9、me.,相信你会来的。,I can imagine the scene clearly in my mind.,我可以清楚地想象出这一景象。,I dont think he is right.,我认为他不对。,You cant believe how badly he drives.,你无法相信他开车技术有多糟。,I suppose we ought to wait till she arrives.,我想我们应该等她来。,（10）表关系动词,She owns a car but rarely drives it.,她有一辆轿车但很少开。,Has this project been cost?
10、,这项工程估价了吗？,Who does the house belong to?,这房子属于谁？,He couldnt prove that the crime is related to her.,She often referred to you in the letters.,她常在信中提起你。,他不能证明罪行与她有关。,（11）表情感动词,Wed love you to come to dinner.,我们很愿意你来吃饭。,He cared for her deeply.,他深深地爱着她。,I detest him complaining.,我极讨厌他发牢骚。,I dislike hi
11、s doing it.,我不喜欢他做这事。,My husband hates going shopping.,我丈夫讨厌逛商场。,She is a sweet women,who asked for nothing but to love and cherish her husband.,她是一个温柔的女人，除了疼爱丈夫别无所求。,（12）短语动词,I came across an interesting article in a magazine.,我在一本杂志上偶尔看到一篇有趣的文章。,Well look into the matter thoroughly.,我们要彻底调查这件事。,Th
12、e prize is 500 dollars,which works out to about 4,000yuan.奖品是500美元，折合人民币约为4000元。My rent was paid for six months in advance.我预付出了六个月的房租。,The tricks were meant to be seen only once.,这种把戏只能玩一次。,There are only four to choose from.,只有四种选择。,He finally caught a sight of the village.,他终于看到了村庄,We are taking
13、proper advantage of our opportunity.,我们在适当地利用机会。,Ill be absent from work tomorrow.,我明天不上班。,I kept up with many of my old classmates.,我和老同学保持着联系。,2 动词时态,Traffic accidents usually happen when people are not careful enough.,人们不够注意往往造成交通事故。,He disappeared from our lives 43 years ago.,他43 年前就不知去向。,Dont e
14、at so many sweets,or your teeth will get worse.,不要吃很多甜食，那样牙齿会坏。,She said she would buy a better house for her parents,她说她要给父母买一套好点的住房。,Ive come only for a few moments.,我已到了一会儿。,They will have received my email now.,他们此时会收到我的email。,It was raining heavily then.,那时正下着大雨。,It was raining heavily then.那时正
15、下着大雨。I wonder what you are doing now.我想知道你在干什么。,Children will be taking their holidays soon.,孩子们很快要放假。,Kate told me that her husband would be coming next day.,卡特对我说她丈夫第二天要来。,11.What have you been doing all this time?你一直在干什么？,12.Tom died last night,he had been a good friend of mine.,别着急，他会很快把所有这一切忘记的
16、。,13.Dont worry,he will have forgotten all about it soon.别着急，他会很快把所有这一切忘记的。14.He told us that the party would have arrived by two oclock.他告诉我这一行人两点钟以前到达。,15.I shall have been working in the company for 4 years by the end of this year.到今年底我在本公司已经工作四年。16.I suppose that the play would have been running
17、 by then.我想那部话剧到时会上演。,3动词语态,Smoking is forbidden here.,这里禁止吸烟。,Drivers were warned not to break the rules.,警告司机不要违规。,We hope that an agreement will be arrived at.,我们希望能达成协议。,The experiment has been planned since 1994.,自1994年就计划了这个实验。,She looked at the books that had been placed on the shelf.,她看了看已经放
18、在架子上的书。,He said the book would have been published by the end of this month.,他说这本书将在年底出版。,When we called,the tea was being served.,我们到的时候，正值上茶之际。,The sick girl is being taken good care of.,这个病女孩在受到很好地看护。,Waste things mustnt be thrown away everywhere.废物不能到处乱扔。It could be seen that he was excited.看得出来
19、他很激动。,4助动词,Do not touch the exhibits.,不要触动展览品。,Have you got the tickets for train?,你拿到火车票了吗？,Each citizen shall carry his identification card when traveling.每个公民出行都要带身份证。How can I get to the zoo?怎样去动物园？,Beijingers will show you the way to the station.北京人会指给你去车站的路。Would you tell me your new address?告
20、诉我你的地址好吗？,5情态动词,Beijing can be very hot in July.,七月的北京很热。,You may phone the office.,你可以给办公室打电话。,You might tell me the truth.,你要跟我说实话。,Passengers must not walk across the construction.,乘客不可跨越工地。,Oil will float on water.,油会浮在水面上。,He would go in spite of my warning.,他不听我的警告还是要去。,If you work well,you sh
21、all have high wage.,假如你干得好，你就会拿高工资。,Dare he tell me what he knows?,他敢于告诉我他知道的事情吗？,It needs no explanation.,不必解释。,Youd better be on time.,你最好准时。,11.We students ought to obey the rules.,我们学生应该遵守规定。,12.My husband used to drink beer.,我丈夫从前常常喝啤酒。,6虚拟语气,If I were you,I would go there.,如果我是你，我就到那去。,If only
22、 I had taken your advice.,要是我当初听从你的劝导就好了。,But for the storm,we should have arrived earlier.,如果不是暴风雨，我们本该早点到达。,I wish I had been more careful next time.,愿下一但次我会仔细些。,Its necessary that John take the exam first.,约翰有必要先参加考试,Its a pity that she miss the chance.,很遗憾她错过了这次机会。,Anyone in his position would h
23、ave done the same.,任何在他的位置上的人都同样会做的。,The guard insisted that everyone show their passports.,卫士坚持每人出示自己的护照。,7非谓语动词不定式,I feel it my duty to help others.,帮助他人是我的职责。,He found the door locked.,他发现门锁住了。,To escape the pull of the earth,a rocket must reach a speed of 28440 km/h.,火箭需达到每小时28440公里的速度才可脱离地球引力。,
24、Where to go hasnt been decided.,到哪里去还没有定下来。,Lets get a piece of music to listen to.,我们来听一首曲子吧。,Come have a glass.,来喝一杯吧。,Dont come till I tell you to.,我不通知你，你不要来。,Why not do it again?,为什么不再做一遍呢？,To be brief,the matter stands thus.,简而言之，事情就是这样。,I remember to lock the door.,记得要锁门啊。,动名词,Saying is easie
25、r than doing.,说比做要来得容易些。,Stop littering when walking in the street.,在街上走路不要扔纸屑。,After hearing the good news,all people were cheerful.,听到这个好消息，人们欢呼雀跃。,Never give up trying again.,决不要放弃再试一次。,Ive enjoyed talking to you about it.,我很高兴和你谈论这个事情。,My mother is not in favor of my selling the piano.,母亲不赞成我卖钢琴
26、。,现在分词,My fathers story is very interesting.,我父亲的经历很有意思。,Mr Chang is an honest and understanding man.,张先生是一位既老实又出色的人。,He is a college student,studying China law.,他是一个学习中国法律的大学生。,Her blood pressure climbed sharply,reaching 190/100.,她的血压陡然升高达190/100。,When using the machine,you must read the instuction
27、 first.,使用机器前先要看说明书。,Being surrounded,he was not able to get out of the crowd.,他因为被包围无法脱出人群。,The boiling water is too hot to drink.,滚开的水太烫没法喝。,过去分词,She is an adopted child.,她是一个被收养的儿童。,Dont get very exhausted when you do exercises.,操练时不要太劳累。,The question mentioned again is very important.,重又提出的问题很重要
28、。,Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable.,在书店度过时光最有乐趣。,He came in unnoticed.,从这个角度看，事情就没那么严重了。,没有人注意到他进来。,Seen in this light,the matter is not so serious.,I dont like to see you disappointed.,我不喜欢看到你沮丧的样子。,This done,he left the office.,做完后，他离开了办公室。,One gets used to all things.,人总是随遇而安。,Youd
29、better drink the boiled water.,你最好饮用凉白开水。,8 名词,Youll find this map of great value in helping you to get round London.,你会觉得这张地图助你游览伦敦大有用途。,Ill look into the matter as soon as possible.Just have a littlepatience.我要尽快调查此事。只是要有耐心。,He gained his wealth by printing works of famous writers.,他出版著名作家的作品发了财。,
30、The coffee cup was broken.,这个咖啡杯子打碎了。,9 数词,She became a famous scientist in her thirties.,她三十多岁就成为一个著名科学家。,Shortly after the accident,two dozens of police were sent to the spot to keep order.,事故发生不久，有二十四名警察被派往现场维持秩序。,The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.,地球是月亮的49倍大。,He wrote a two-thousand-wor
31、d article the other day.,前几天他写了一篇两千字的文章。,10代词 Everyone said they would help.大家都说要帮忙。-Can you come on Sunday or Saturday?-Im afraid neither day is possible.你是周日还是周六来呢?恐怕哪一天也来不了。,Dr.Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge,I cant remember which.布莱克先生不是来自牛津大学就是来自剑桥大学，我记不得是哪一所大学了。I hope there are eno
32、ugh glasses for each guest to have one.我希望有足够的眼镜为每一个客人准备一副。,11冠词 Many people are still in the habit of writing silly things in public places.许多人仍旧习惯在公共场合乱写乱画。Wouldnt it be a wonderful world if all nations lived in peace with one another?假如各国彼此和平相处，那不是很美好的世界吗？,12介词、介词短语,The train leaves at 6:00pm.So
33、I have to be at the station by 5:40.at the latest.,火车下午六点开车。所以我必须最晚5点40分之前赶到车站。,If you keep on,youll succeed in time.,如果你坚持下去，迟早会成功的。,We congratulate him on having a new job.,我们祝贺他找到了新工作。,The diameter of a circle passes through the centre.,圆的直径通过圆心。,On account of the weather,we had to cancel the pro
34、jected outing.,由于天气的原因我们只好取消了计划好的郊游活动。,On his doctors advice,he took a month holiday.他听从医生的劝告休假一个月。,They robbed him of every penny he had.他被偷得分文全无。,He spoke to us of his experience in the air-raid on London.他给我们讲述了在伦敦空袭的经过。,13连词,Neither books nor pens nor a piece of paper was found on his desk.,他的桌上
35、没有书，没有笔，就连一张纸片都没有。,Would you like a cup of tea first or shall we get down to business right now?,我们是先喝杯茶呢还是现在就着手谈生意？,Smoking adds to the general level of air pollution as well as damage our health.,吸烟增加空气污染的总体指标同时有害健康。,In case of emergency,telephone this number.,如果紧急，请拨打这个电话号码。,14 形容词,A man so diffi
36、cult to please must be hard to work with.,一个挺难取悦的人必定很难共事。,We often go to a park nearby on weekends.,我们周末经常去附近公园。,We spent the last few sunny days there.,我们在那度过最后几天晴朗的天。,My grandpa is a weak small old man.,我祖父是个瘦弱老人。,What he said sounds reasonable.,他说的听上去有道理。,This is just as important an experiment a
37、s that.,这个实验和那个实验一样重要。,He thought it safer to drive himself than let me do.,他觉得自己开车比让我开车安全些。,I like apples best of all fruits.,所有水果中我最喜欢苹果。,Draw a straight line on the paper.,在纸上划一直线。,15 副词,A new car is rather too much for me.,对我来说买辆新车太贵了。,Do come straight to the point.,开门见山。,This happened early in
38、1950.,这事发生在1950年初。,Of the three boys,David runs fastest.,三个男孩中，大卫跑得最快。,The shirt fits perfectly.,这件上衣很合体。,Things gradually improved.,情况逐渐改善。,The weather was rather worse than I had expected.天气比我们预期的要糟。,His lecture is interesting enough.,他的讲座很有意思。,（9）Think first,then act.先思后行。,16 构词法（1）合成法,My mother
39、is a middle-aged teacher.,我母亲是一位中年教师。,Sino-Japanese trade has been expanding.,中日贸易一直在扩大。,I wrote a five-page summary of the situation.,我写了五页形势总结。,Mr.Green is my brother-in-law.,格林先生是我的堂兄。,The Zhongguan Cun is now a heartland of science and technology.,中关村是科技的中心地带。,（2）派生法,We mustnt judge by appearanc
40、e.(appear)我们不要以貌取人。Let me say this in conclusion.(conclude)让我这样说作为结束。Let me know the time of your arrival.(arrive)请通知我你们到达的时间。He was careful in performance of his duty.(perform)他认真执行任务。,（3）转换法（前缀/后缀）转换法,That was very thoughtless of you.你真是太不动脑子。His house was very small and untidy.他的房子又小又不整洁。,She wan
41、ted to save her sister from unhappiness.她想帮妹妹从不快中解脱出来。The path was invisible.小路看不见。I dislike change my mind.我不愿改变主意。,（4）缩写和简写 Entry to the WTO(the World World Trade Organization)will help China improveits development of economy.中国加入世界贸易组织会推动经济发展。She has to take tests such as TOEFL(Test of English as
42、 a Foreign Language)andGRE(Graduate Record Examination).她必须参加如托福和GRE的考试。,句法结构基本句型（1）主+谓+宾She smiled her thanks.她以微笑答谢。Every trade has its rules.各行各业都有行规。,（2）主+谓+宾+补 He wanted her mother to be in good health.他希望她的母亲健康。We proved her wrong.我们证实她错了。,（3）主+谓+宾+状+补 Her husband made her happy.她的丈夫使她感到幸福。I f
43、ind him to be an honest man.我认为他是一个诚实的人。,（4）主谓一致 There are a great many angles to this matter.看事情有许多角度。There is no environmental damage.环境没有被破坏。Mary and Jane went to the theatre with a friend of theirs.玛丽和珍尼是和他们的一位朋友一起去戏院的。,(5)宾语的形式 I think it wrong to waste the resource.我认为浪费资源是错误的。I hate troubling
44、 you.我不愿给你添麻烦。Do you know how to get there?你知道如何到达那里吗？,(6)主句与从句 Alice received an invitation from her boss,which came as a surprise.爱丽斯受到老板的邀请，这使她感到惊讶。Five years went by before he knew.他五年之后才知道这件事。,(7)独立片语 This done,he watered the flowers in the garden.做完了这件事，他到花园浇花。To tell the truth,I dont believe
45、it at all.说实话，我根本就不相信。The waves beating violently against the shore,people could not hear her cry for help.由于大浪疯狂地拍打海岸，人们无法听到她的呼救声。,简单句（1）陈述句 Little by little his savings accumulated.他一点一点地积攒。Thomas Edison was born in Milan,Ohio,on February 11,1847.托玛斯爱迪生1847年2月11日生于俄亥俄，米兰。,（2）疑问句 Did you decide to
46、humor her?你决定对她迁就（让步）了吗？Has she got a big flat?她有了一套大房子了吗？Is there anything wrong with the truck?这辆卡车出什么毛病了？What can I do for you?需要帮助吗？,Shall we have a swim with your friends?我们和你的朋友一起游泳好吗？Nothing can stop us now,can it?没有什么能阻挡我们，是不是？Is your father a lawyer or a doctor?你的父亲律师还是医生？,（3）祈使句 Take care
47、of your belongings.保管好你的随身用品。Please write at your early convenience.请早日写信。Do things the best way for the job.工作要选择最佳方式。,Never neglect to take care of your health.千万不要忽略保重身体。Dont forget that communication is a two-way thing.切记任何交流都是双向的。Keep the environmental sanitation in the scenic spot.维护景区内环境卫生。,（
48、4）感叹句 What a pretty bird!多么美丽的鸟啊！Look out!Be careful where you put your feet.注意看脚下！How well you look!你看来多么健康！,复合句（1）定语从句 I know some farmers whose families are still poor.我了解有的农民的家仍然贫困。The time has come when we must say goodbye.到说再见的时候了。,Id like to have the same toy as Jim used to have.我想要吉姆过去玩的一样的玩
49、具。You can call me from three to five oclock,during which time I am at home.你可以在三点到五点之间给我打电话，那段时间我在家。,Shirly is the only one of the girls who likes football.舍利是姑娘中唯一喜爱足球的。(6)The first city I visited was Los Angeles.我第一次造访的城市是洛杉矶。,(7)The first city I visited was Los Angeles.我第一次造访的城市是洛杉矶。(8)I dont kno
50、w the reason for which he refused us.我们不明白他为什么拒绝我们。,(9)The chair on which you are sitting is a new one.你坐的椅子是一把新的。(10)There were all kinds of things that I wanted.我想要得东西应有尽有。,（11）I like the way he smiles.我喜欢他微笑的样子。（12）When buying Chinese herbs and gold,check the unit price and the way in which the w
