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1、Lecture Three,Disparity Between“Corresponding Words”in English and Chinese,1.Semantic Range and Classification,Word-sentence-textChoice of proper words is of primary importance in translationWords-notional(a.objects or physical actions;b.qualities,concepts or mental activites,c.thoughts,feelings,ima
2、ginations and morality);functional words(relation between different parts of the sentence,or logical relations in meaning).Whats in a name?That which we call a roseBy any other name would smell as sweet.,Words-arbitraryXunzi(荀子)said in his 正名篇：“名无固宜，约之以命。约定俗成胃之宜，异于约则胃之不宜”。-conventionalitycommunityCo
3、re vocabulary:sun,man,woman,walk,stand,sleep,love,hate.Ox cow buffalo yak(牦牛)bison（野牛）Goat,sheep,ram(公羊),ewe（母羊）,lambLexical gap,1.他手里拿着一本书 He had a book in his hand.他手里抱着个孩子。He had a baby in his arms.2.他们手拉着手。They were hand in hand.他们手挽着手。They were arm in arm.3.她手上戴着一枚砖石戒指。She wore a diamond ring o
4、n her finger.他手上戴着一块进口手表。He wore an important watch on his wrist.,对不起，我忘了带筷子了，只好请大家用手了。（Im sorry you have to use your fingers because I forgot to bring any chopsticks today.）“ones fingers itch”A gentle man uses his tongue not his fists.Extended meanings and transferred meanings The project needed mo
5、re hands.(人手)The painting shows the hand of a master.(手法)He writes a blind hand.(书法，字迹)The hour hand of the clock pointed at seven.,Bear a hand in(参与)By the strong hand(强制地)Eat out of sbs hand(完全顺从)Fast with ones hands(好打架)Fold ones hands(袖手旁观)Gain sbs hand(得到某人的允婚)Throw up ones hand(认输)Play a lone
6、hand(单枪匹马地干)Live from hand to mouth(勉强糊口),Word phrase Lexicalization grammaticalizationAffixation-compounds Teary,actressy,shorty(She was seldom seen in a shorty nightgown),2.Collocational Meaning,Adjective N-Verb objectHeavy rain heavy sky heavy style heavy features heavy hitter heavy crop Low seas
7、on,dull season,off season,slack season;high season,peak season,busy season,boom season Sophisticated:Sophisticated columnist;sophisticated man;Sophisticated novel;sophisticated weapon,浓：浓茶strong tea 浓墨 thick ink 浓雾heavy fog浓烟dense smoke 浓荫dark shadow繁荣的：繁荣的经济 prosperous economy，繁荣的商业brisk business，繁
8、荣的时期booming period，繁荣的文化flourishing culture陪同人员accompanying personnel 培养对象person to be fostered 攻击目标 target of attack生存方式 existing mode,3.Colorful meaning,“You become 21,turn 30,then youre pushing 40,and before you know it you reach 50.You hope to make it to 60,or hit 70.But you say I am just 90.”Co
9、mmendatory DerogatoryScheme spy encourage incite ambitious smart tactful enchanted Make every effort hand and glove with Stylistic meaning Mark twain(humor)Hemingway(tough)elegance under pressure,Euphemism(roundabout vulgar or unmentionable)“I used to think I was poor.They told me I wasnt poor;I was
10、 needy.Then they said it was self-defeating to think of myself as needy,that I was culturally deprived.Then told me deprived was a bad image,that I was underprivileged.Then they told me that underprivileged was overused,that I was disadvantaged.I dont have a dime-but I have a great vocabulary.”,Homework,1.She wears a permanent smile.2.That man always wears a plastic smile.3.She always wears her hair in a bun.4.She really wears her years well.5.Nor is he a fellow who wears his faith on his sleeve.,
