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1、,Predicative Clauses 表语从句,表语从句的定义：表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语。表语从句和主语指同一内容，它对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem.appear等。,连接词：that/whether/as if/as though连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what 连接副词：when/where/why/how/because,1.The question is whether we can rely on him.2.Thats because w
2、e were in need of money at that time.3.He looked as if he was going to cry.4.This is how he did it.5.That is why the brothers wanted to make a bet.,由as if,as though引导表语从句，表示好像。句子中的系动词常用look,appear,seem等。It looks as if it was doing to rain.2.The young man with long hair looks as if he were a girl.,名词
3、主语+be+that引起的表语从句,主语名词常常是表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact,truth 表示看法，观点、问题、麻烦的名词，如：idea,opinion,belief,view,news,advice,feeling,suggestion,plan,trouble,question,problem,1.The fact is that our team has won the game.2.The truth is that she was the very person we are looking for.,同位语从句,由NordriDesign提供,Noun clauses as
4、 the appositive,Are you familiar with these sentences:Yangtze River,the longest river in our country,is facing severe pollution problems.YangLiping,a famous dancer in china,has become a focus of public attention recently.The news that the U.S has declared war on Iraq came early this morning.The fact
5、 that her hair is turning gray worried her a lot.,一、概念,同位语：一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词进行说明或解释，这个名词(或其它形式)就是另一个名词的同位语。如：Laura Myers,a BBC reporter,asked for an interview.Influenza,a common disease,has no cure.We have two children,a boy and a girl.Lorry,one of the most intelligent girls I know,is planning to ap
6、ply for the scholarship of Harvard.Who is that man,the first in the front row?句子作同位语 The news that the oil price will go down is untrue.(同位语从句）,二、同位语从句,同位语从句是用来解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句，它所修饰的词为先行词。同位语从句在主句中的作用相当于先行词的作用。同位语从句一般用that,whether，what,which,who,when,where,why,how 等词引导，常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope w
7、ish,promise,report,suggestion,conclusion等名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。,例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.析：they had won the game说明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.The problem whether it is right or wrong has not yet been de
8、cided.We expressed the hope that they can come to visit our town again.I have no idea where he lives.,同位语从句的引导词,同位语从句的引导词有：that,whether，what,which,whowhen,where,how,why,1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略）例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once
9、.,2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“是否”的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句）例：Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.,3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式“为什么”等含义，应用when,where,how,why等词引导同位语从句。例：I have no idea when he will be back.They raised another question where we should get the m
10、oney.The question why so many animals died suddenly in that area remains unsettled.,同位语从句与定语从句的区别,一、That 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别所表达的内容不同 同：先行词的具体内容 定：先行词的性质、特征等 1.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.2.The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is com
11、ing.,什么叫名词性从句？,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,名词性从句 noun clause,主语从句subject clause,宾语从句object clause,表语从句predicative clause,同位语从句appositive clause,His story is interesting.What he said is interesting.I heard his stor
12、y.I heard what he said.I listen to his story.I listen to what he said.This is his story.This is what he said.The idea of going there is good.The idea that we should go there is good.,名词性从句中的连接词连词:that/whether/as if(though);连接代词:what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词:where/when
13、/why/how/wherever/whenever,引导词,句型转换1.They are good doctors.He told us.2.He hadnt said anything at the meeting.The fact surprised us.,He told us that they were good doctors.,The fact that he hadnt said anything at the meeting surprised us.,总结：当从句原来是陈述句时，变成名词性从句用that引导。,3.Does your sister get up early
14、?Do you know?4.Do animals have the same senses as humans?I often wonder.,Do you know if/whether your sister gets up early?,I often wonder if/whether animals have the same senses as humans.,总结：当从句原来是一般疑问句时，变成名词性从句用if或whether引导。,5.When did he buy this new bike?Could you tell me?6.My question is this:where will the lecture be given?,Could you tell me when he bought this new bike?,My question is where the lecture will be given.,总结：当从句原来是特殊疑问句时，变成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑问词来引导。,
