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1、实用英语翻译Practical English-Chinese Translation,第三周教案The 2nd semester of 2010-2011 school year,翻译练习讲解英译汉练习（一）Proverbs and epigrams form the nucleus of the wisdom of man.Those contained in this book(Treasury of Proverbs and Epigrams published in the United States of America)have been handed down through
2、the ages by the great philosophers and teachers in the history of our world.While some of these men and women have all but been forgotten,their words are as fresh and new today as when first spoken;and their wisdom has grown and ripened with the passing of time.You who read this book can not help bu
3、t reap rich rewards in knowledge and wisdom that will aid you as you go through life.,参考译文 格言与警句是人类智慧的结晶。美国出版的格言、警句集锦一书所收格言与警句均传自世界历代大师与先哲。虽说这些大师与先哲中的一些人已被人们遗忘，但他们的名言仍和刚说出时一样，至今使人们记忆犹新，他们的智慧随着时光的流逝而日益发展，日臻完善。读此书者定会吸取无穷的智慧和丰富的知识而终生受益。,课堂预热练习1.A peasant girl:As you have come to my home,I feel greatly
4、honored.一位农家姑娘：大驾光临，不胜荣幸！您来我家，我真是太高兴了！2.He was canny,openhanded,brisk,candid,and modest.（Manchester:The Glory and the Dream)他为人聪明大方，生气勃勃，忠厚耿直，谦虚谨慎。,3.She quietly and dreamily lowered herself into his arms,and Angel methodically marched off with her.(Hardy:Tess of the DUrbervilles)她服服帖帖、悠悠忽忽地靠在他的肩膀上，
5、他不慌不忙、不紧不慢地抱着她向前走去。4.He was a voracious reader,spending much of his days and evenings devouring books.他读起书来废寝忘食，夜以继日。,5.There is something about four people,two couples,two like each other and get along;that have a swell time.四人同乐，别有风趣。两对男女意气相投，感情融洽，玩得痛快。6.She was always hurried during the day and t
6、ired at night.她白天总是匆匆忙忙，晚上就疲惫不堪。,英汉互译中四字格词语的翻译The Translation of Four-Character Phrases四字格词语的美学价值水浒传中四字格的翻译红楼梦中四字格的翻译,I.四字格的美学价值1.Studies serve for delight,for ornament,and for ability.Their chief use for delight,is in privateness and retiring;for ornament,is in discourse;and for ability,is in the j
7、udgment and disposition of business.读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。（王佐良 译）,2.I should wish to die while still at work,knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.译文一：我希望在工作中死去。知道自己不再能做的事，有人会继
8、续做下去，并且怀着满意的心情想到，自己能做的事都已做到了。译文二：我倒希望在工作中死去。知道事业后继有人，想到自己不枉此生，也就心满意足啦。,“我读音调铿锵，节奏流畅的文章，周身筋肉仿佛作同样有节奏的运动；如果音调节奏上有毛病，我的周身筋肉都感受到局促不安。”朱光潜,3.The house is old and fine.译文一：这个房子又古旧，又好看。译文二：这房子虽旧，却很漂亮。译文三：这房子古香古色。4.The morning of June 27th was clear and sunny with the fresh warmth of full summer day,the flo
9、wers were blossoming profusely and the grass was rich green.译文：六月二十七日上午，天气晴朗，阳光明媚，鲜花盛开，绿草如茵，充满了盛夏之日的清新和温暖。,5.It is unexpected that he would take such a stupid action as to kill the goose that lays golden eggs.译文：他居然如此愚蠢，用杀鸡取卵的办法，真是出乎意料。6.Like a peacock among sparrows,the film flaunts its differences
10、.译文：这部影片真可谓鹤立鸡群，在影坛大放异彩。7.This bridge has a long history.译文一：这座桥有一段很长的历史。译文二：这座桥历史悠久。,8.Tired of the pomps and vanities of this heartless world,he chose to live in obscure loneliness.译文：他看够了尘世浮华，甘于孑然一生。9.There was no haste or restlessness in his manner but a posed friendliness.译文：他从容不迫，和蔼可亲。,10.The
11、limited gain could hardly serve as a relieving justification for the tremendous cost the federal government had paid so far.译文：联邦政府已为此耗资颇巨了，但所得有限，这实在难以使人心安理得。11.He was at this time in his late fifties,a tall,elegant man with good features.译文：他这时年近六旬，个子高挑，眉目清秀。,II.水浒传中四字格的翻译 Each language has its hab
12、it of collocation.As a common phenomenon of Chinese,the four character phrase(FCP)is formed and developed in the long history Chinese struggle against nature.Most of the FCPs have connotative meaning or associative meaning or symbolic meaning,which seem to be simple,but make people learn a lot.Some
13、of them are balanced or are constrained by rhyme.In this case,they sound pleasing and harmonious like music.,每种语言都有其各自的词语搭配习惯,而汉语的四字格乃是其语言精髓,优美和谐又寓意深刻。在翻译中如何尽可能传达出原文的信息功能、表达功能和美感功能则显得重要而又艰难。张书慧,In the translation of Outlaws of the Marsh into English by Shapiro,the FCPs are dealt with in many differe
14、nt ways based on the features of the two languages by conveying their informative,expressive and aesthetic functions.,The novel recounts the doings of the 108 heroes led by Song Jiang,who were forced by injustice to seek refuse in the mountain fastness of Liangshan in the Song Dynasty.As a novel,the
15、 translation will face the readers at large.Therefore,the translator regards its readability and understandability as his main purpose.So,for the translation of the FCPs,the translator pays more attention to convey their meanings.,（1）Similarity of the two cultures Peoples from different countries ma
16、y have the similar experience in the similar environment or have the same attitude towards the same phenomenon of nature or society.In this case the same concepts or world view may be formed.The similarity of thoughts and concepts may lead to the result that some FCPs may find some equivalents in En
17、glish.,1.正是灯蛾扑火,惹火烧身。(水浒传P361)The moth seeks the flame.(Shapiro 572)2.空白去,打草惊蛇。(水浒传P376)Barging in will only stir up the grass and alert the snake.(Shapiro595),3.今日幸得相见义士一面,愚男如拨云见日。(水浒传P377)Im glad to meet you.To my son youre the sun emerging from the clouds.(Shapiro595)4.岂不闻兔死狐悲,物伤其类。(水浒传P168)When
18、the rabbit dies,the fox mourns.All are of the same animal kingdom.(Shapiro581),5.正应上和天心,下和地理,中和人和。(水浒传P2)For this is in accord with the will of heaven above,the laws of the earth below,and the hearts of man between.(Shapiro2)6.求生不生,求死不死。(水浒传P130)pray for life and long for death,both in vain.(Shapiro
19、200),（2）Differences between the two cultures In the long history of human being,cultures of different peoples develop in different ways with different colors.There is a long-standing claim that“the structure of a language determines the way in which speakers of that language view the world”(Wardhaug
20、h Ronald216).So,very often,in the target language,exact equivalence to the original can not be found.Then what the translator can do is only to try to transmit the information in the specific expression of English,and sometimes regardless of the form of the original.“Essentially Chinese culture can
21、be called anthrop-culture,while western culture can be called scientific culture.”(陈宏薇19)What they intensify in the ways of thought,is different.,a.Harmony of form vs harmony of meaning7.三瓦两舍,风花雪月(水浒传P17).dissipated a considerable sum ofmoney in theaters gambling dens and brothels.(Shapiro20)8.非义士英雄
22、,不能报仇雪恨。(水浒传P377)Only a warrior hero like yourself can avenge this insult.(Shapiro596)9.人都说仗义疏财。(水浒传P284)Hes chivalrous and generous.(Shapiro452),b.Human and nature as a unity vs.human being themselves10有头有尾,有始有终。(水浒传P287)What he starts,he finishes.(Shapiro456)11.那道气散至半空里,飞沙走石,撼地摇天(水浒传P679)Sand flew
23、,stones rolled,the earth quaked,the heavens shook.(Shapiro1110),Visual image,auditory image and kinesthetic(动觉的）image all at the same time connect readers hearts with the natural phenomena both in Chinese and in English.The only difference is that subjects are intensified in English by putting them
24、before actions.Because of the differences in history,geological environment and traditional customs,peoples have different languages in some fields.,12.我家是金枝玉叶,有先朝丹书铁券在门,诸人不许欺侮。(水浒传P691)Our family is of noble origin.An earlier emperor best owed a Wrought Iron Pledge on our family that no one may opp
25、ress us.(Shapiro1100),There are many FCPs which come from an old story with deep connotation.In order to make the readers have a good understanding of the classical works and know more about Chinese culture,it is necessary for the translator to add some interpretation into the translation.13.三十六计,走为
26、上着。(水浒传P23)Of all the thirty-six ways to get out of trouble,the best way isleave.(Shapiro30),14.“望梅止渴,画饼充饥。”(水浒传P679)“Slake my thirst looking at a sour plum or Assuage my hunger with a drawing of a muffin?”(Shapiro1078),(3)The untranslatable 15.山中猛虎,见时魄散魂离;林下强人,撞着心惊胆裂。(水浒传P287)Truly,meeting a tiger
27、in the mountains or bandits in the forest strikes terror to the travelers heart.(Shapiro453)16.惊得太尉三魂荡荡,七魂悠悠。(水浒传P10)So horrified was Marshal Hong that his three souls drifted and his seven spirits departed.(Shapiro9),(4)Translation needing improvement Outlaws of the Marsh is one of the most famous
28、classical novels of China.Its influence has been extremely far-reaching.But the ability of the translator is limited.It is not easy for him to make his translation reach the same level as the original in style as well as in language.In this sense,the readers of the translation could enjoy the story
29、but hardly appreciate the beauty and greatness of the famous classical works of China.,17.这代祖师随在山顶,其实道行非常,清高自在,倦惹风尘,能驾雾兴云,踪迹不定,未尝下山。(水浒传P7)Hes up there,all right,keeping himself aloof from the world.But our Divine Teacher has an unusual knowledge of the way.He can ride the clouds and mists.Nobody kn
30、ows exactly where he is.(Shapiro7),18.那时天下太平,五谷丰登,万民乐业,路不拾遗,户不夜闭。(水浒传P2)Grain harvests were large;the people were happy at their work;no one kept articles lost by others on the road;doors were left unlocked at night.(Shapiro2),On the whole,because of the differences between the two cultures,it is ex
31、tremely difficult for readers of the translation to gain as much as the readers of the original in art as well as in language.Nevertheless,Shapiros introduction to the famous work to the world is a great contribution to the cultural exchange in the world.What needs to be improved needs to be done by
32、 the younger generation.Improvement is an ever lasting work without an end-production.,III.红楼梦四字格的翻译1.这十二个也分作两班,每日单管本家亲戚茶饭,别的事也不用他们管。(第14回,第356页)These twenty,also in two shifts of ten,will see to the familys meals and tea everyday.2.只见园中香烟缭绕,五彩缤纷,处处灯光相映,时时细乐声喧,说不尽这太平气象,富贵风流。(第18回,第474页)Splendid with
33、 flowers,brilliant with countless lanterns,melodious with strains of soft music.Words fail to describe that scene of peaceful magnificence and noble refinement.,3.玉钏儿道:“吃罢,吃罢,不用和我甜嘴蜜舌的。我可不信这样的话。”(第35回,第972页)Drink your soup,go on,Im not taken in by that sweet talk.4 一面早有熙凤命人送了一顶藕合色花帐并几件锦被锻褥之类。(第3回,第8
34、8页)Xifeng had already rent round a flowered lavender curtain,satin quits and embroidered maltresses.,5.二则,贾府中从不曾作践下人,只是恩多威少。(第19回,第524页)They also knew that the servants there were not ill-used but shown more kindness than severity.6.老太太屋里还罢了,太太屋里人多手杂。(第37回,第1032页)It would be all right in the old lad
35、ys p lace,but all sorts of people go to her ladyships rooms.,7.转眼已是九月初二日,园中大都打听的尤氏办得十分热闹,不但有戏,连耍,唱戏并说书的男女先儿全有,都打点取乐玩耍。(第43回,第1216页)In no time it was the second of the ninth month.All the inmates of the garden knew that Madam You had arranged for a grand party with not only operas but acrobatics and
36、blind story-tellers,too,both men and women.,8.若是薛蝌在家,他便抹粉施脂,描眉画鬓,奇情异致的打扮收拾起来。(第100 回,第3012页)Whenever Xueke was at home,Jin Kui would rouge and powder her face,paint her eyebrows,deck her hair and dress up like a vamp.,英汉互译练习（三）1.I desire to see in this country the decent men strong and the strong me
37、n decent,and until we get that combination in pretty good shape we are not going to be by any means as successful as we should be.2.To me the future seems full of hope because,although there are many conflicting tendencies,and although some of these tendencies of our present life are for evil yet,on
38、 the whole,the tendencies for good are in the ascendancy.3.The life of duty,not the life of mere ease or mere pleasure is the kind of life which makes the great man,as it makes the great nation.4.故天将降大任于斯人也,必先苦其心志,劳其筋骨,饿其体肤,空乏其身,行拂乱其所为,所以动心忍性,曾益其所不能。5.子曰：“学而时习之，不亦说乎。有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎。”6.自古道：“千里姻缘一线牵。”管姻缘的有一位月下老儿，预先注定，暗里只用一根红线，把这两个人的脚绊住（红楼梦57回）,
