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1、短文改错,改错处的设置：118,多词,缺词,错词,1 个（a,an,the,to等）,1个（a,an,the,to等）,8个,短文改错口诀：,动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副；非谓语，细辨别，代词格，细领悟；介词短语需关注，冠词连词常光顾。,一、动词形,1.动词的时态和语态(主动，被动）错误2.主、谓不一致的错误,二、名词数,1.可数与不可数名词的误用；2.名词单、复数的错用。3.名词所有格,三、还要注意形和副,1.形容词和副词的误用（形容词可修饰名词，多用来做定、表、补语等，而副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。2.原级比较级和最高级的误用。,四、非谓语，细辨别,这是考查
2、最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分词、过去分词，动名词和不定式错误。例如：in my spare time,but now I am interesting in football.(interested)Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also(playing),My parents love me and will do all they can make sure(to)上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语，和不定式作目的状语。一般的，现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式
3、有将来时态的含义。,五、代词格，细领悟,人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，不定代词的误用。,六、介词短语需关注主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。,七、冠词、连词常光顾,常考的错误形式有：连词but,however,and,or,because,so,when,before,after,which,that,what 的用法错误，以及冠词（a,an,the)的用法错误等。,补充：从句法的角度分析,1.定语从句：关系代词（which,that)和关系副词(when,where,why)的误用2.名词性从句：连接代词和连接副词及从属连词的混用（what,wh
4、eather,why)3.状语从句：引导词的误用4.句式结构：看句子是否完整（动名词做主语；平行，并列；强调句结构）,语法口诀要记牢（一）见到谓语找主语，主谓一致找状语见到名词想多数，可不可数要记牢见到平行看结构，形式功能要对称见到代词找指代，指代通常不合理带宾语必带to，不带宾语不带 to小小of常抓的点，of前名词adj最高级比较级不修饰比较级,最高级不修饰最高级,（二）谓与非谓经常混谓语句中就一个，其余动词非谓语常见形式有三种，v-ing,v-ed和to do主谓通常v-ing，动宾通常v-ed现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动目的要用不定式，by前有过去分词相拥，by后有动名词后抱介词后跟
5、动名词时态基点要搞清，现在还是过去时,（三）规则是说谎 lie lied lied不规则是躺 lie lay lain躺过就下蛋 lay laid laid下蛋不规则,牛刀小试：,The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.They were also the best and worse years in my life.At the first,I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.However,my par
6、ents didnt seem to think such.They always tell me what to do and how to do it.,At one time,I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.Now I am leaving home to college.At last,I will be on my own,but I st
7、ill want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.,牛刀小试：,The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.They were also the best and worse years in my life.At the first,I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.However,my parents didnt seem to think
8、such.They always tell me what to do and how to do it.,At one time,I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.Now I am leaving home to college.At last,I will be on my own,but I still want to have my paren
9、ts to turn to whenever need help.,【解析】51.yearyears 考查名词复数，13-19年复数概念，year是可数名词，故把year改成years。52.worseworst 考查形容词最高级，根据 前句13-19岁是最的时期，可知应该使用最高级，and表并列，根据 best可知and连接两个最高级，故把worse改成worst。53.the去掉考查冠词。at first起初，是固定词组，不需要冠词，故把the去掉。54.yourselfmyself考查反身代词。句意：我认为我什么都知道，可以自己拿主意了。,这里指作者自己做决定，根据主语I可知，应该用my
10、self，故把yourself改为mmyself。55.suchso考查so/such的用法。my parents didnt seem to think so我的父母似乎不这样认为，so指代上一句的内容，故把such改为so。56.telltold考查时态。通篇回忆过去的事情，使用的一般过去时，故把tell改为told。57.freelyfree考查形容词副词。be后跟形容词构成系表结构，be free from.摆脱.，不受.的影响，故把freely改为free。,58.wearwearing 考查固定搭配，by介词，意为通过，后面跟名词或代词或动名词，故把wear改成wearing。59
11、.tofor 考查介词，leave。for。离开某地去另一个地方，college是目的地，故把to改成for。60.I need 考查状语从句，whenever引导让步状语从句，意为无论何时，随时，从句少主语，根据 句意可知，这里指我需要父母的帮助，故在whenever后加I。考点：名词；形容词；代词；介词；最高级；固定搭配；时态,.语法填空题空格设计,纯空格,有提示词,给出了动词的试题,词类词义转换题,谓语动词，非谓语动词,词类转换,名词，形容词，副词，形容词或副词的比较级或最高级,介词，连词，代词，冠词，从句引导词，情态动词，强调助动词等,总结提升,总结提升,二根据上下文意义及语法，确定词
12、形,冠词,定冠词,不定冠词,并列句及复合句,非谓语动词 to do,doing,done 及变形,谓语动词的时态及语态,及主谓一致,介词的常用用法及词组搭配,词汇,构词法,代词,人称代词，物主代词，不定代词，指示代词，反身代词,考点一：冠词,无提示词 名词之前,解题技巧下列情况很可能填：(1)_+可数名词(单数)；(2)_+形容词+可数名词(单数)。,不定冠词,下列情况下很可能填：(1)_(+定语)+名词+of等介词短语(表示特指)；(2)_(+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指)；(3)_(+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。,定冠词,考点二：介词,无提示词：注意搭配问题与名词相
13、连构成介宾短语担任状语,补语等与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语,介词的基本用法及惯用搭配,考点三：代词,无提示词 作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格，注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。指示代词（it和this）,不定代词，it用作引导词,反身代词等,考点四：连词或从句引导词,无提示词两个主谓结构连接,解题技巧(1)连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时，应填并列连词and,or,but等。(2)若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连接词，否则，句子结构就不完整。根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句(多要求考生填and,but,while,wh
14、en,or等)还是某种主从复合句。,然后根据各类从句的特点，结合连接词的意义和用法，确定填具体的某个连词。,考点五：谓语动词,有提示词 与主语构成主谓结构,考查语法点:谓语动词的时态及语态,及主谓一致,考点六：非谓语动词,有提示词 除谓语动词以外的动词形式,考点七：词性转换,有提示词 介词,冠词,所有格后接名词,形容词修饰名词,副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子,考点八：形容词的级,有提示词通常，有表示范围的in/of介词短语或形容词前有the时，一般要用最高级；than的前面一定要用比较级,In much of Asia,especially the so-called“rice bowl”cul
15、tures of China,Japan,Korea,41 Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks.Chopsticks are usually two long,thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They can also be made of plastic,animal bone or metal.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might 42(make)of gold and silver with Chine
16、se characters.,Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43(create)special designs.The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots,44(use)twigs(树枝)to remove it.Over time,45 the population grew,people began cutting food into smal
17、l pieces so it would cook more quickly.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs,which 46(gradual)turned into chopsticks.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,47 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the 48(develop)of chopsticks.Confucius believed knives woul
18、d remind people of killings and 49(be)too violent for use at the table.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India,for example,most people traditionally eat 50 their hands.,In much of Asia,especially the so-called“rice bowl”cultures of China,Japan,Korea,41 Vietnam,food is usually eaten with
19、chopsticks.Chopsticks are usually two long,thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They can also be made of plastic,animal bone or metal.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might 42(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.,and,be made,Skilled workers also combine various h
20、ardwoods and metal 43(create)special designs.The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots,44(use)twigs(树枝)to remove it.Over time,45 the population grew,people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.Food in small
21、pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 46(gradual)turned,to create,using,as/when,gradually,into chopsticks.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,47 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the 48(develop)of chopsticks.Confucius believed knives would remind people of
22、killings and 49(be)too violent for use at the table.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India,for example,most people traditionally eat 50 their hands.,who,development,were,with,七选五阅读答题指导,一）题型解读：,试题模式：给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。考查重点：主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和
23、掌握。（考试说明）选项特点：主旨概括句（文章整体内容）过渡性句子（文章结构）注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）,根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略,1)如果问题在段首 通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题 2）如果空格出现在段中，这时要根据空格前后的句子意思、备选选项的句子意思以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定答案3)如果问题在段尾 通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore,as a result,thus,hence,in short,to sum up,to c
24、onclude,in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。,Key words,动词,名词,代词,时间,序数词,连词,副词also,标题：,大写，较短，结合全文,段首：,根括文段,段尾：,总结，承上启下,structures,段中：,承上启下,小标题,速读全文，关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题浏览选项，理解全篇逻辑关系,找出关键词运用上下文所重复的关键词推断 利用同义词和近义词关系 利用词的上下义关系 利用反义词、过渡词关系 理清结构，确定答案，最后再来顺一遍,七选五阅读理解题的解题技巧:,篇章结构类,根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略,1)如果问题在段首 通常是段落主题句。认真阅
25、读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题2)如果问题在段尾 通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore,as a result,thus,hence,in short,to sum up,to conclude,in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。,主旨概括句（文章整体内容）,1.标题型 短小精悍（多为名词性短语、祈使句）2.首句型1)首段首句2)中间段首句3)末段首句,文章主题，首尾呼应,靠上下文承接做题,总结下文 本段主题,文章主题，首尾呼应,细节类型,1)词
26、汇复现法复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。双保险：上下文再核实一下,2)词汇同现法词汇同现是指属于同一词汇或者跟此词汇相关同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密（如：,3)代词线索英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。,4)数字线索包括具体数字
27、以及和数字相关的词汇诸如ratio,rate等等。作者列出数字，除了和其他数字进行对比和比较之外，还可以用数据来说明一个观点。,(a)并列与递进关系：and,or,also，neithernor,eitheror,likewise,similarly,equally,in the same way,that is to say,as well as,the same as,besides,additionally,furthermore,moreover,in addition to,what is more,5)逻辑关系线索,(b)因果关系：because,for,since,as,thus
28、,hence,therefore,so,sothat,consequently,accordingly,due to,thanks to,as a result,because of,in that,for this reason,of course,(c)转折让步关系：but,however,yet,on the contrary,by contrast,on the other hand,unfortunately,while,whereas,unlike,rather than,instead of,it is true that,of course,although,though,even though,even if,nevertheless,despite,in spite of,(d)时间关系：afterwards,at first,at last,finally,first,firstly,in the first place,to start with，in the mean time,last,later,next,second,secondly,then,third,thirdly,to begin with以及一些具体的时间。,
