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1、Detailed study of paragraph 6-22,That is not here,sir,he said in English.The mayor expects you tonight for dinner with other foreigners on the restaurant boat.See?This is where it is.”He sketched a little map for me on the back of my invitation.1：sketch vt.to draw roughly and quickly with outlines b
2、ut little detail He quickly sketched the view from the window.他很快勾勒出窗外的风景。2：sketch（sth）out:概述、简述,She sketched out her plan for tackling the problem.她简要叙述了解决问题的计划。3:sketch in：补充说明，给补充细节You need to sketch in his character a little more.对他的性格，你应该刻画地更详尽一些。,1:预料；预期The chairman of the committee expects to
3、 be back next Thursday.委员会主席预计下星期四回来。The first message is expected to arrive at 7 oclock this evening.第一次信息预计在今晚7点到达。2：期待 expect sth.of/from sb.对.的期望要求,Most of the parents expect much of their children.大多数父母都对自己的子女寄予很大希望。expect sb.to be 期望某人成为.he expects his son to be a doctor3：认为Who broke that cup?
4、I expect it was the cat.“谁打破了杯子？”我看是猫打破的。,4：习惯用语be expecting 怀孕His wife was expecting.他的妻子当时正怀孕。expect from 期望(某人)会作出(某事)expect much from sb 对某人抱有很大期望 expect of 期望(某人)会作出(某事)表语从句 连接副词where,when,how,why。如：The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。,Thanks to his map,I was able to find a taxi driver wh
5、o could take me straight to the canal embankment,where a sort of barge with a roof like one on a Japanese house was moored.Paraphrase:Thanks to the clear and simple sketch the usher made for me,the taxi driver was able to take me straight to the canal bank.A large flat-bottomed boat was there which
6、had a roof like that of a Japanese house.,The Japanese build their traditional houses on boats when land becomes too expensive.The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the mini
7、skirt.Paraphrase:It was a very special and striking phenomeon that the small old Japanese houses mixed with the high beige buildings made of concrete,and the traditional kimono mixed with the mondern western suits.,作者首先使用Little old Japan代指small old Japanese houses。是提喻（synecdoche）中用整体指代部分的用法。而后，the k
8、imono 指代传统文化，the miniskirt 指代现代意识，为换喻(metonymy).metonymy是用某事物的名称来代表一个更一般，又密切相关的事物。而提喻是部分代替整体或整体代替部分，这两个修辞格都和汉语中的借代相对。如：She was a girl who excited the emotions,but I was not one to let my heart rule my head.(换喻)她是个动人的姑娘，可我绝不会让感情左右我的理智,It was reported that China beat Korea in a soccer game yesterday.(
9、提喻)报道说韩国足球队昨天击败了中国足球队1：Thanks to这个短语表示原因，意为“由于”、“多亏”，to表示感谢的对象。如 Thanks to the English language，we can learn a lotfrom other countries由于英语这门语言，我们能从其它国家学到很多东西。2：thanks for是客套用语，thanks相当于 thank you，意为“因而感谢，for强调为何而感谢，其后可接名词或v-ing。Thanks for your help谢谢你的帮助。Thanks for inviting us to your birthday party
10、谢谢你邀请我们参加你的生日聚会,barge:a large low boat with a flat bottom,used mainly for carrying heavy goods on a canal or rivermoor:vt.to fasten(a ship,boat)to land,to the bed of the sea,etc.by means of ropes,chains and an anchor,etc.We moored off the north coast of the island.我们停泊在岛屿北部的岸边,arresting:adj.striking
11、,attracting and holding attention.This word adds to striking the suggestion of capturing attention 引人注意的 很有吸引力的an arresting beauty/story1:arrest vt.to catch and fix(esp.sb.s attention)The bright lights arrest the boys attention.2:arrest sb.(for)A man has been arrested in connection with robbery.一名男子
12、因与这桩抢劫案有关已被逮捕。3：to stop a prosess or development 中止They failed to arrest the companys decline.他们未能阻止公司的衰落。,incessant:never stopping.The word implies ceaseless or uninterrupted activityincessant noiserainchatter不间断的噪音阴雨絮叨the incessant flow of traffic across the bridge桥上川流不息的人群At the door to the resta
13、urant,a stunning,porcelain-faced woman in traditional costume asked me to remove my shoes.Paraphrase：A very charming Japanese woman whose face was as white and smooth as porelain was standing at the door to the restaurant and she asked me to take off my shoes before getting in.,日本的传统化妆术，白、红、黑三色构造脸部彩
14、妆；天然红花唇彩，传统化妆品成为时尚宠儿日本的传统化妆术是传统文化的一个重要部分，表现最突出的就是艺妓脸上精雕细琢的浓妆，妆后几乎看不出任何喜怒哀乐的面容，也成为艺妓的神秘之处。模特脸上敷上一种可溶于水的白色粉末，跟现在女士们做的面膜很类似。不过，眼睛、嘴唇、脖子也得全都敷满。最后看起来犹如雕饰华美的人偶一般。,一点红色的点缀能使嘴唇显得分外迷人，而这种红色并不布满整个嘴唇，而是小于嘴唇的轮廓，只占到唇部的四分之三左右，即是所谓的“樱桃小嘴”。现在这种手法在传统舞台表演中还能看到，比如歌舞伎和日本舞。传统化妆术的手法承袭了历史，所用的原料也跟几百年前一样，都是从植物中天然萃取，不仅对人体无害，
15、而且还有美容和护肤的功效。,Porcelain-faced:面色如玉的 名词+过去分词所构成的形容词词例如下：1)hand-made手工的 2)man-made人造的 3)state-owned国营的 4)school-run校办的 5)heart-felt由衷的。,This done,I entered one of the low-ceilinged rooms of the little floating house,treading cautiously on the soft matting and experiencing a twingeof embarrassment at t
16、he prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in my socks.,He was a tall,thin man,sad-eyed and serious.Quite unexpectedly,the strange emotion which had overwhelmed me at the station returned,and I was again crushed by the thought that I now stood on the site of the first atomic bombardment,where tho
17、usands upon thousands of people had been slainin one second,where thousands upon thousands of others had lingered on to die in slow agony.句子结构分析：在and之后的句子中出现了三个从句，that从句为同位语，对thought的具体内容进行补充说明，后面出现两个where从句都是定语从句，对the site of the first atomic bombardment进行补充说明，两个where从句句式工整相对，使用了排比手法，使句子,的意味更为强烈，痛悔
18、心情跃然纸上。排比利用词语、短语或从句的平行，使句子富有平衡感、节奏感和清晰感。如：Faith sees the invisible,feels the intanible and achieves the impossible.信念即看到不能看到的，感到不能感到的，达到不能达到的。同位语从句与定语从句的区别一、性质不同同位语从句和主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句同属于名词性从句，表示与之同位的名词它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词加以补充说明或进一步解释。定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般跟在它所修饰的先行词
19、后面。,二、引导词不同同位语从句的引导词多是that，whether,也有连接代词what,who,连接副词how,when,where另外，which,if不能引导同位语从句。引导词在句中不充当任何成分.定语从句的引导词有关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose 等，关系副词where,when,why等引导词.连接定语从句、代替主句中的先行词甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句及在定语从句中充当句子成分等作用三、先行词不同同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常是抽象名词，有一定的内涵。常见的有idea situation thought,fact,evidence,beli
20、ef,doubt,fear,hope,question,theorysuggestion,proposal,word,thought,truth,possibility,ordernews,ability等等。定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛，eg The belief is that all roads lead to Rome 同位语 The boys who are playing football are from class one定语,thousands upon thousandsadv.成千上万双语例句1.Thousands upon thousands of martyrs h
21、ave heroically laid down their lives for the people.成千上万的先烈为了人民而英勇地牺牲了。2.Thousands upon thousands of people attended the ceremony.成千上万的人参加了那个仪式。,linger on:vt to live on the point of death for some time,esp.when suffering from a disease,be slow in dying苟延残喘，奄奄一息 eg.The pain lingered on for weeks(was
22、slow to disappear).The dying man lingered on.agony:n very great pain,intolerable suffering of mind or bodyHe suffered agonies from his broken arm.The country must not again go through the agony of war.,The introductions were made.Most of the guests were Japanese,and it was difficult for me to ask th
23、em just why we were gathered here.The few Americans and Germans seemed just as inhibited as I was.inhibited adj unable to relax or express your feelings in a natural wayeg.boys are often more inhibited than girls about discussing their problems 男孩子往往不如女孩子敢于谈论自己的问题,i.,inhibit:vtcause one to suppress
24、certain thoughts or desires because of the environmental conditioneg His way of teaching is dull,and inhibits imagination.This medicine will inhibit the spread of the disease,as.as用法：as.as意为和一样，表示同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词。其基本结构为：as+adj./adv.+as。例如：(1)This film is as interesting as that one.这部电影和
25、那部电影一样有趣。其否定式为not as/so+adj./adv.+as。例如：This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。若有修饰成分，如twice,three times,half,a quarter等，则须置于第一个as之前。例如：Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.你的袋子比我的贵一倍。,几个关于as.as的常见句型：（1)as.as possible Please answer my question as soon as possible.请尽快回答我的问题
26、。(2)as long as.(引导条件状语从句)It took us as long as three years to carry out the plan.我们花了长达三年的时间才完成这项计划。(3)as far as He walked as far as the railway station yesterday evening.昨天傍晚，他一直散步到火车站。(5)as well as She cooks as well as her mother does.她烧菜烧得跟她母亲一样好,。as.as的结构：as+形容词或副词原级+as用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前
27、面。This room is twice as big as that one.Your room is the same size as mine.倍数+as+adj.+asThis bridge is three times as long as that one.This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine.Your room is twice the size of mine,Gentlemen,said the mayor,I am happy to welc
28、ome you to Hiroshima.welcom v.v.1:sb(to sth)greet sb in a friendly way.It is a pleasure to welcome you to our home.2:pleased to receive or accept sthI warmly welcome this decision.adj.1：a welcome opportunityreliefsight难得的机会；及时的救助；赏心悦目的景象2：make sb welcome 受款待的,3：to do sth 表示乐意让某人做某事They are welcome t
29、o stay here as long as they like.4：to sth 乐意别人做自己不愿做的事，“尽管好了”Its an awful job.If you want it,youre welcome to it!n.outstayoverstay your welcome 作客太久而不再受人欢迎,Everyone bowed,including the Westerners.After three days in Japan,the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible.spinal column 脊柱spinal cord
30、 脊髓这里作者连用了几个正式的、文绉绉的、专业性很强的词汇，如 flexible spinal column，使读者感到有一种幽默的情趣。extraordinary adj.1:unexpected,surprising or strange What an extraordinary thing to say!,2:not normal or ordinary 非凡的、卓越的She was a truly extraordinary woman.3:arranged for a apecial purpose 特别、临时的4：an envoy（使者、公使）extraordinary 特使Th
31、ere were fresh bows,and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated.grew 使用了拟人化的手法，这种手法不仅使语言显得生动有力，而且给人以亲切、耳目一新的感觉。,Dusk found the boy crying in the street because he was hungry.天黑了，小男孩饿了，就在马路上哭起来。The universe is not rich enough to buy the vote of an honest man.即使倾
32、天下之财富，也收买不了一个正直人的选票。Each time the name Hiroshima was repeated：这是一个由名词短语(each time)引导的状语从句，相当于when the name Hiroshima was repeated。,Hiroshima,as you know,is a city familiar to everyone,”continued the mayor.familiar adj.1:(to sb)well known to you;to looksoundtaste familiar看听尝起来熟悉2：with sth knowing sth
33、 very wellAre you with the software they use?3:(with sb)very informal,sometimes in a way that is unpleasantYou seem to be on very terms with your tutor.你似乎和你的导师之间很随便。,Seldom has a city gained such world renown,and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima,a town known throughout the world for
34、 its-oysters.seldom，never，only，hardly，little等副词开头的句子，通常采用倒装语序。,oyster:n.a type of selfish that can be eaten cooked or uncooked,and that produces a jewel called a pearl.,gain v.1:(sth)(byfrom sth)There is nothing to be gained from delaying the decision.2:to go too fastMy watch gains two minutes every
35、 24 hours.3:against sthThe pound gained against the dollar again today.今天英镑对美元的比值又上升了。,n.prevent weight gain 防止体重增加 efficiency gains 效率提高 personal gain 个人收益gainful adj.used to describe useful work that you are paid for 有报酬、有利可图的gainful employment 有酬的工作句中known 是过去分词做后置定语，修饰Hiroshima。,and Im proud and
36、 happyfor its-oystersanti-climax to achieve humor,surprise,satire etc.Understanding:The mayor said this because he did not want to embarrass the foreigners by talking about the disaster and he wanted people to forget the tragic past and also because Hiroshima was famous for its oysters.,I was just a
37、bout to make my little bow of assent,when the meaning of these last words sank in,jolting me out of my sad reverie.Paraphrase:I was on the point of showing my agreement by nodding when I suddenly realized what he meant.His words shocked me out of my sad dreamy thinking.assent n.v:(to sth)give sbs as
38、sent toNovody would assent to the terms they proposed.consert 用法同assent,sank v.1:to become quieterHer voice sank to a whisper.2:to make a deep hole in the groundto sink a wellshaftmine掘水井、竖井、矿井be sank in sth 陷入不快（沉思）中sink your differences 摒弃分歧，搁置歧见athat sinking feeling 不详的感觉；沮丧之情sink or swim 不自救，毕沉沦
39、sink so low 沉沦、堕落到某种程度,I was just about to.out of my sad reverie：并列句。when在这儿是并列连词，相当于and just at that time；jolting me out of my sad reverie是伴随状语，对谓语sank in加以补充说明。Be about to do sth意为be going to do sthat once(即刻要做某事)。Sink in表示be fully absorbed or understood(被领悟)的意义.Jolting me out of my sad reverie在这儿
40、意为 getting me out of my sad thought。,While the mayor went on with his speech in praise of southern Japanese sea food,I cautiously backed away and headed toward the far side of the room,where a few men were talking among themselves and paying little attention to the mayors speech.,Well,I must confess
41、 that I did not expect a speech about oysters here.I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact of the atomic cataclysm.两个that均为宾语从句。felt 为动词的拟人化。confess v.to admit sth that you feel ashamed ofconfession n.a religious service at which a person tells his faults to a priest,cataclysm&catastrophe&disastercataclysm n.a sudden disaster or a violent event that causes change,for example a flood or a war.大灾难/变；动乱catastrophe n.sudden disaster that causes many people to suffer 灾祸、大祸、灾难catastrophic adj.catastrophic effects/losses/results灾难性的影响、损失、结果,Thanks,
