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1、Grammar,名词从句的学习,名词性从句是复合句的一种，前几年高考主要考查宾语从句中用陈述语序以及连接词的选择等问题；近几年对名词性从句的考查趋于复杂灵活，往往把它与定语从句和状语从句的知识点放在一起考查，对名词性从句的考查主要有语序问题、时态的呼应问题和连接词的选择。2009年全国卷及地方卷对名词性从句的考查占了较大比例，有18道考查到该部分，2010年考查的比例更大，有20道题考查了名词性从句的用法，可见对名词性从句的重视程度。笔者认为，在单项选择题中，近几年题干语境越来越丰富，句子结构也越来越复杂，其中名词性从句所引起的句子结构的复杂化占了较大比例，命题人侧重于对复杂句子结构的考查，是
2、因为能否分析复杂句子结构是掌握英语语言的重要能力之一，所以我们可以断言，以后的高考题对名词性从句的考查还会倍加青睐,1.Whether he will come here or not is unimportant to me.2.I dont know what he means.3.That was because he was ill.4.The news that he got killed in the race surprised us all.,（主语从句）,（宾语从句）,（表语从句）,同位语从句,在句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句
3、,欣赏这四个句子，你可以发现什么那？,由_引导，在复合句中起_作用的从句叫名词从句(Noun Clauses)。它在复合句中能担任_等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为_。,名词性从句,连接词,名词,主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语,主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,谓语动词/介词,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,名 词,同位语从句,When we shall hold the meeting depends on whether John can return tomorrow.,系动词,The problem is when John will come bac
4、k.,We expressed our hope that we could visit the country again.,看从句中缺少什么成分，根据意思选择适当连接词语；如不缺成分且句意完整，则选用that.,一找二查三选,：从句,：缺少什么成分,：意思适合的连接词,连词选择总原则：,1.that引导的从句如果作介词宾语只可用在except，in，but，besides等少数介词后。如：I could say nothing but that Im sorry.2.that引导的从句可作it的同位语从句。如：You may depend upon it that all the good
5、s will be delivered in time.3.that引导宾语从句时可省略；引导其他名词性从句时，一般不省略，特别是引导主语从句且位于句首时。如：That the earth is round is true.The fact that he is a thief got around.注意：下面一句中，第一个that可省略，第二个that不可省略：He said（that）he had been working here for ten years and that he wanted to go home.,that讲解,3.whether与if引导名词性从句时的区别。,1）
6、在引导宾语从句时whether与if可互换，但如果和or not连用则只用whether。如：I dont know whether or not he can stay here longer.（2）如果宾语从句是否定结构，则用if而不用whether引导。如：He asked me if I wasnt going there.（3）介词宾语从句只能用whether引导。如：Im not interested in whether he is rich.（4）引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句一般多用whether。如：The question is whether you can do
7、it yourself.The question whether he will come here himself isnt decided yet.Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.（5）用it作形式主语时，whether或if都可以引导主语从句。如：It is not clear to me whether/if he likes the present.,4.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况,（1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。（2）It is said/reported.结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：It
8、 is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.（rightThat President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.（wrong）（3）It happens.，It occurs.结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.（right）That he failed in the examination occurred to him.（wrong）（4）It d
9、oesnt matter how/whether.结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.（right）Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.（wrong）（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。如：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?（right）Is that will rain in the evening likely?（wrong）,主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或
10、由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。,一、主语从句,1.it 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较it 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。如：It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.你没去看那场电影真是遗憾。It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.你成功与否对我没有什么吸引力。,2.用it 作形式主语的结构,1)It
11、is 名词从句It is a fact that.事实是It is an honor that.非常荣幸It is common knowledge that.是常识2)it is 形容词从句It is natural that.很自然It is strange that.奇怪的是3)it is 不及物动词从句It seems that.似乎It happened that.碰巧4)it 过去分词从句It is reported that.据报道It has been proved that.已证实,3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况,1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。2)It is
12、 said，(reported).结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：据说江主席下周要来我校视察。It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.(right)That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(wrong)3)It happens.，It occurs.结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：他考试没及格。It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(right)That he f
13、ailed in the examination occurred to him.(wrong)4)It doesnt matter how/whether.结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：他是不是错了，这一点不重要。It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.(right)Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.(wrong)5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。如：傍晚有可能下雨吗？Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?(rightIs t
14、hat will rain in the evening likely?(wrong)4.what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that 则不然。如：What you said yesterday is right.你昨天说的是对的。,宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。,二、宾语从句,1.作动词的宾语1)由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,如：I heard that he joined the army.我听说他参军了。2)由what，whether(
15、if)引导的宾语从句，如：She did not know what had happened.她不知道发生了什么事。3)动词间接宾语宾语从句。如：She told me that she would accept my invitation.她跟我说她愿意接受我的邀请。2.作介词的宾语，如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我们的成功取决于我们的合作情况,3.作形容词的宾语，如：I am afraid(that)Ive made a mistake.我恐怕是犯错了。that 引导的从句常跟在
16、下列形容词后作宾语：anxious，aware，certain，confident，convinced，determined，glad，proud，surprised，worried，sorry，thankful，ashamed，disappointed，annoyed，pleased，hurt，satisfied，content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句看作原因状语从句。4.it 可以作为形式宾语it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而把真正的宾语that 从句放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。如：We heard it that she would get marr
17、ied next month.我们听说她打算下个月结婚。,5.后边不能直接跟that从句的动词这类动词有allow，refuse，let，like，cause，force，admire，condemn，celebrate，dislike，love，help，take，forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如：我非常羡慕他们赢得了比赛的胜利。I admire their winning the match.(right)I admire that they won the match.(wrong)6.不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不
18、可用于“动词间接宾语that从句“结构中，常见的有envy，order，accuse，refuse，impress，forgive，blame，denounce，advise，congratulate等。如：作为一个诚实的人，他给经理留下了很深的印象。He impressed the manager as an honest man.(right)He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.(wrong)7.否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think，consider，suppose，believe，expect，fancy，guess，im
19、agine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。如：I dont think this dress fits you well.（我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。）,三、表语从句,表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。另外，常用的还有The reason is that.和It is because 等结构。如：The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a
20、 short time.问题是我们能否在那么短的时间内作好充分的准备。This is why we cant get the support of the people.这就是我们为什么得不到人民支持的原因。,s meeting was put off.他从玛丽那里得知运动会要延期举行。,四、同位语从句,同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。1.同位语从句的功能同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导。如：The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the pe
21、ople.国王作出的这名囚犯释放的决定让人们大吃一惊。2.同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.他从玛丽那里得知运动会要延期举行。,3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功
22、能是对名词进行补充说明。如：The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）,Practice time,Group competition,Who will be the winner?,Part A:Have a try:Choose a proper co
23、njunction.,1._ has been announced is that we must hand in our graduation papers before the end of June.,What,2._ he always serves the people is well-known.3._ the English evening will be held,on Monday or Tuesday,has not yet been decided.4.I want to know _ he has told you.5.Everything depends on _ w
24、e have money.6.That is _ he didnt come to the meeting.7.The news _ we won the game was exciting.,That,When,what,whether,why,that,that/what,1._ he wants is a book.2._ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.I dont know _ will happen next.6.He is
25、 no longer _he used to be.7.I have no doubt _ you will succeed.,What,That,that,what,what,what,that,1.名词性从句连接词的选用,(1)that 和what 的选用,that 和 what 都可引导所有的名词性从句。但是，_除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可作从句的_、_、或_。而_在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起_作用。,what,主语,宾语,表语,that,总结,连接,1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in
26、 the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3.Were worried about _ he is safe.4.I dont know _ he is well or not.5.I dont know _ or not he is well.6.The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8.I havent decided _ to go there.,if/whe
27、ther,Whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,if/whether,a._、_、_ 从句。b._词后的宾语从句。d.与 _连在一起引导宾语从句。c.后面直接跟_当宾语。,if和whether的选用,2.不能使用if 的情况:,总结：,主语,表语,同位语,介,or not,动词不定式,高考链接,2.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,36)One reason for her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops
28、and restaurants.A.that B.how C.what D.why【答案】A【解析】此处考查的是同位语从句。考察that引导同位语从句的用法。此处that不可以省略。3.(2010高考英语重庆卷,25)To improve the quality of our products,we asked for suggestions _had used the products.A.whateverB.whoC.whicheverD.which,4.(2010高考英语浙江卷,9)It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring
29、 about,although about two thousand patients have taken it.Athat Bwhat Chow Dwhether【答案】B【解析】考查名词性从句。此处是由what引导的主语从句，指代It的具体内容，It是形式主语，所以这里选B项。5.(2010高考英语浙江卷,1)How about camping this weekend,just for a change?OK,_ you want.Awhichever Bhowever CwhateverDwhoever【答案】C【解析】本题考查引导词和交际用语。句意：“这个周末野营怎么样，来点新鲜的
30、？”“好啊，按你的意思吧！”查情景交际。周末野营怎么样，换换口味?好的，你想干啥咱就干啥。此处whatever表示”无论什么”，作want的宾语。选C项。,6.(2010高考英语天津卷,14)As a new graduate,he doesnt know _ it takes to start a business here.A.how B.what C.When D.which【答案】B【解析】考查名词性从句。句意为：“作为新毕业生，他不知道如何才能在这儿开创事业。”宾语从句暗含it takesto do sth句型，因此应用what引导宾语从句并充当从句中的宾语。7.(2010高考英语四
31、川卷,14)How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with，whether his friends or relativesAwhat Bwho Chow Dwhy,8.(2010高考英语上海春季卷,38)There is no obvious evidence _ there is life on any other planet in the solar system.Awhich Bthat Chow Dwhere【答案】B【解析】名词性从句。此处是that引导同位语从句对evidenc进行
32、具体的说明。语意：没有明显的证据表明在太阳系能其他行星上有生命存在。据此选B项。9.(2010高考英语上海春季卷,33)Tina was hesitation about the job offer as she did not know _ the company was an established one.来源:Zxxk.ComAwhether Bwhat Cuntil Dalthough【答案】A【解析】名词性从句。语意：。Fina对所提供的工作正在犹豫中，因为她不知道这家公司是不是一家地位稳固的公司。此处whether引导宾语从句，作know的宾语。,10.(2010高考英语陕西卷,
33、18)It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.A.which B.what C.that D.if【答案】C【解析】考查固定句型。我从来没有想到你能成功地说服他改变主意。It occurs to sb that的意思为“某人突然想到”其中that引导主语从句，it为形式主语，指代that从句的具体内容。11.(2010高考英语山东卷,25)Before the sales start,I make a list of _ my kids will need for the
34、coming season.A.why B.what C.how D.which,12.(2010高考英语辽宁卷,34)Its no use having ideas only.Dont worry.Peter can show you _to turn an idea into an act.A.how B.who C.what D.where【答案】A【解析】句A考查“疑问词+动词不定式”代替名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是”疑问词+动词不定式”代替宾语从句。语意为：Peter可以向你展示如何把点子变为行动。连接词how表示“如何”，合乎语意。13.(2010高考英语江苏卷,35)-I
35、 prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.-Thats_I dont agree.You should have a more active life.A.where B.how C.when D.what,14.(2010高考英语湖南卷,35)Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew _ she was so angry.A.where B.whether C.that D.why【答案】D
36、【解析】考查名词性从句。该空引导宾语从句，根据句意“办公室中没人知道她为什么如此生气”可判断选D项。15.(2010高考英语福建卷,35)We should respect food and think about the people who dont have _ we have here and treat food nicely.A.that B.which C.what D.whether来源:Z.xx.k.Com,16.(2010高考英语福建卷,29)Teachers recommend parents _ their children under 12 to ride bicyc
37、les to school for safety.A.not allow B.do not allow C.mustnt allow D.couldnt allow【答案】A【解析】考查宾语从句。句意为：“教师们建议：为了孩子的安全，父母不应让12岁以下的孩子骑自行车人去学校。”这里是recommend引起的宾语 从句，且从句谓语动词用should+动词原形的形式，should可以省略。故选A项。17.(2010高考英语大纲全国I卷,33)We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture.A.that B.whi
38、ch C.what D.where案为D【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。题干中We havent discussed yet后为宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，因此空白处应填where，故答。,18.(2010高考英语北京卷,33)_some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A.Whether B.What C.That D.How【答案】B【解析】考察名词性从句。句意为：“有人认为是缺点，可在别人认为可能就是优点。”分析句子成分可知“_ some people regard as a drawback”
39、是主语从句，在此主语从句中动词regard后缺少宾语，故用what来引导。19.(2010高考英语北京卷,32)Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel,David Copperfield,was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.A.what B.that C.why D.whether【答案】B【解析】考察名词性从句。句意为：“Charles Dickens喜欢他自己的小说David Copperfield，部分原因是因为这很大程度上是他自己生活的一个模式。”分
40、析句子成分可知，“_ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.”是表语从句，在此表语从句中不缺少任何成分，故用that连接。,例1.One day,he came up with an idea 35._he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.（2008年广东）例2.I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32._should have the honor of receivin
41、g me as a guest in their house.(2007广东),that,who,3.Historically,it was famous for industry,which explains16._the area is called the black country.(2011年广州一模）4.Hic!Youve just hiccupped（打嗝）for the tenth time since you finished dinner.Wonder 16._these funny noises are coming from?(2011年广州二模）,why,where,
42、语法填空,（连词专练）,Whether Native Americans arrived in Californian 15,000 years ago or 14,000 years ago is not important.Exactly when the first people arrived in 1._ we now know as California,no one really knows.The fact 2._ they arrived a long time before Europeans is what matters.I believe 3._the Native
43、Americans were treated badly 4._ the first Europeans came.However,it is likely 5._ Native Americans were living in California at least 15,000 years ago.,what,that,that,when,that,Scientists believe 6._these settles crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to American by means of a bridge 7._ existed i
44、n prehistoric times.Whats more,8._attracts people to Californian is its pleasant climate and relaxed lifestyle.This is 9._each year a great number of people from all over try to immigrate to Californian.However,most applications know 10._they have little chance of getting a visa.,what,why,that,that,
45、which,Translation and writing,The survey _ while 48%of the boys favor sports stars.,1.调查表明一半的女孩选择电影或者电视明星作为他们的偶像(idols)，而48%的男孩支持喜欢体育明星。（07基础写作）,Object Clause,shows that half of the girls choose film or TV stars as their idols,2.他也指出导致近视（short-sightedness）的原因是如此的复杂,到目前为止没有哪一种药物能治愈近视。（09基础写作）,What he
46、 also pointed out is _ and that up till now no medicine can cure short-sightedness.,that the causes for short-sightedness are so complicated,Predicative Clause,_and its of great help to our eye health to participate in more outdoor activities,3.建议:我们学生不要过度用眼；多参加户外活动。（09基础写作）,Subject Clause,It is sug
47、gested that we students not overuse our eyes,Meanwhile another tip from the experts _.,4.同时，专家的另外一个建议是这个问题写作时如何握笔有关。（09基础写作）,Predicative Clause,is that the problem has business with/is related to how we hold the pen while writing.,5.在我看来，这些父母所做的已经对他们的发展造成了坏的影响。(2010读写任务）,In my opinion,_ has a bad in
48、fluence on their childrens development.,Subject Clause,what these parents have done,Evaluation and discussion:,1.What have you learnt today?,2.Do you think it useful in your future study?,Thank you!,At lunch time,the radio weatherman reported _ the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon.Now,
49、the truth is _the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.Besides,_surprised me most was that the old man couldnt see anything.The fact _Polly didnt ask for the mans name is a pity.,that,that,what,that,(B)Chinese people suffered from poverty before the reforms in 1978,and the dreams1._they coul
50、d live a well-off were obvious.Luckily,the development of new China made the Chinese believe 2._ powerful their country is and 3._ they are leading a happy life.Thousands of migrant works are the greatest contributors to this achievement.To show 4._ they can do and 5._ they really are,they moved fro
