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1、句子成分,一个句子成分上是由作用不同的各个部分所组成的，这些部分就叫做句子成分。句子成分可以是单词，也可以是词组或从句。在句中起主要作用的句子成分有主语、谓语、成为主要成分；起次要作用的主要有宾语，宾语补语，定语，状语，表语等。,第一节句子成分,1、主语。是一个句子所说明的中心，表示所谈的是谁或者是什么事物，一般位于句首，可充当主语的有名词、代词、不定式、数词等，另外动名词、主语从句也可以做主语。,eg：l).Betty likes her new bike 2).He gets up early every day 3).To learn a foreign language is not
2、easy.4).Three and five is eight 5）Smoking is harmful to the health.6)What we should do next is not decided.,2、谓语，说明主语的动作或状态，一般放在主语之后，可以由单个动词或短语动词充当，也可由助动词或情态动词加动词原形构成。eg：we work hard He can ride a horse I can speak English We will go to Beijing tomorrow,3、表语，用来说明主语的身份，特征或状态，位于连系动词之后，由名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词
3、短语或动词不定式或表语从句等充当 Her sister is a nurse He got angry We were at home last night.Our work is to keep the classroom clean.,4、宾语：表示动作的对象或行为承受者，常用在及物动词或短语动词后面，由名词、代词、数词、不定式或相当的词（组）充当：eg:Tom bought a story book.I saw him yesterday He wants to have a cup of tea,5、直接宾语与间接宾语上面（4）提到宾语是位于动词之后的，有些及物动词（bring giv
4、e）需要跟两个宾语，一个表示动作的直接对象或结果，叫直接宾语（常指物）另一个表示动作的方向或目标，叫间接宾语（常指人）eg:He gave me some ink 间宾 直宾 The man told us an interesting story.间宾 直宾,6、宾语补足语 有些动词除了跟一个宾语外，还需要一个词或短语说明宾语的身份或状态，以补充其意义上的不足，这个表示宾语的动作或状态的词或短语叫宾语补充语。通常可由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语以及动词不定式充当。,eg:Call her Xiao Li.You should keep the room clean John asked me
5、 to help him.Make yourself at home please.I dont believe the story true.,7、定语用来修饰，描绘名词、代词的句子成份，常用形容词、名词所有格、数词、代词、介词短语，不定式或从句等充当。单词做定语时通常放在所修饰的名词之前（不定代词除外）短语和从句做定语时放在所修饰词之后。,eg:This is a green jeep.Winter is the coldest season of the year.I have something to tell you.He is often the last one to leave
6、 the office after work,8、状语用来修饰动词，形容词、副词或全句的句子成份，可以表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、让步、方式、程度或伴随状况等，常由副词、不定式、名词和介词短语从句充当,eg:You are quite right.She will arrive in Beijing on Monday.He stopped to have a look.When she came in,we were having a meeting.If you tell me.I will keep it secret.,第二节简单句的五种基本句型,第一种句型：主语+系动词+表语
7、eg:I am a teacher My father is a worker He became a scientist,be动词和become是英语中常见的系动词，除此而外还有一些实义动词当表示状态存在或表示状态变化时也可以用作系动词，这些动词有：keep,grow,get,turn,fall。eg:The meat goes bad.It is getting warmer and warmer.,表示感官的几个动词，如look,feel,smell,sound,taste等也是系动词，后接形容词作表语。eg:The dish smells good.You all look fineT
8、he idea sounds good.注意：系动词不可单独作谓语，后面一定要有表语,第二种句型：主语+不及物动词。eg:Birds fly.He swims.The sun sets in the west This kind of watch works well（这种表走得很准）,此种句型中的不及物动词后面不能跟宾语，因而此种结构的句型也不能变成被动语态。我们常用的不及物动词有如下一些：sleep,come,walk,work,swim,laugh,happen.(take place)stay,go,arrive。这种句型通常都有状语，如：Birds fly in the sky.就比
9、前面所说的句子好听一些。,第三种句型：主语+及物动词+宾语eg:I have seen the film.We like English.They decided to hold a meeting.He enjoys watching football match.,有些不及物动词后面加上适当的介词后，就可以加宾语了。eg:He is listening to the radio(listen是不及物动词，但加上“to”后“listen to”可以看成一个及物动词。)eg:I go to school at eight every morning.Please look at the bla
10、ckboard.,第四种句型：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语eg:I sent him a post card please pass me a bottle of orangeHe will buy me some books,直宾和间宾被称为双宾语，间接宾语表示动作，是对谁做的，或是为谁做的。间接宾语通常位于直接宾语前，但当直接宾语是人称代词、间接宾语是名词时，或两个宾语都是人称代词时，间宾位于直宾之后，这时在间宾前须加“to”或“for”.,eg:I pass it to my mother She threw them to me 有时为了强调间宾，也采用此句型，如以上例子可改为：
11、I sent a post card to himplease pass a bottle of orange to me He will buy some books for me,此类句型还可以表达为：主语+及物动词+间宾+wh-疑问词+to（不定式）eg:He taught me how to read the word.He asked me why to sing the song.I asked the policeman which way to go.I told him what to do next.,第五种句型：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补eg:They call me X
12、iao Wang.I saw her dance.They calls the cat mimi.They made us happy.We will make her our monitor.(我们让她当我们班长)He listened to the pianist play the piano.,第四种和第五种句型比较：eg:(1)He gave me a book(主语+谓语+间宾+直宾)(2)They call me xiao wang(主语+谓语+宾语+宾补)例（2）中的宾语me和宾补xiao wang 可以成为逻辑上的主谓关系，即：“我是小王”但（1）中的间宾和直宾则不成为逻辑上的
13、主谓关系，不可能说“我是一本书”所以双宾没有逻辑上的主谓关系，凭这一点，我们就可以很容易的区,和直宾则不成为逻辑上的主谓关系，不可能说“我是一本书”所以双宾没有逻辑上的主谓关系，凭这一点，我们就可以很容易的区别,My book _on the desk.A.is B.am C.are D.be(97-北京),A,2.What about this one?Its great and it _very soft.is feeling B.felt（97-呼和浩特)C.feels D.is felt,C,3.Our teacher always tells us _inThe street.Its too dangerous.(96-江西)dont play B.not to play C.To play D.not play,B,4.The teacher made the boy _the sentence five times after school.to write B.write C.wrote D.written,B,
