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1、宾 语 从 句 The Object Clause,I know him.2.I know who he is.,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,引导词,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,（复合句）,宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。,句子结构：主句+引导词+宾语从句,宾语从句由三类词来引导：1）that 引导 2）if 或whether 引导 3）连接代词（what；who；which；whose等）或连接副词（when；where；why；how等 引导,一、引导词（连词）1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定 句）,连词由that引导,因为that在
2、从句中不作 任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语 或非正式文体中常省略。,1.He said,“You are younger than I”.2.He says,“Tom is a good student”.,He said(that)I was younger than him.,He says(that)Tom is a good student.,She knows that she should study hard.I hope that you will like this present.,在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作
3、表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。,Im sorry(that)I dont know.Were sure(that)our team will win.Im afraid(that)he wont pass the exam.,2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），if/whether翻译为：“是否”，具有一定的意义，不能省略。,1.She said,“Do you often come here early?”2.“Will they go to visit the Great Wall?”he asked.,She asked
4、 if/whether I often came here early.,He asked if/whether they would go visit the Great Wall.,I am not sure if/whether my mother will come back tomorrow.Danny wanted to know if/whether hermother liked the bag.,注意：下列情况只能用whether 1.在whether or not 的固定搭配中。e.g.I dont know whether it is going to rain or n
5、ot.2.在动词不定式之前只能用whether。e.g.He hasn；t decided whether to go。3.在介词后，只能用whether。It depends on whether it will rain tomorrow。4.宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether。e.g.Whether we should take the children to the park isnt clear。,3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由原特殊疑问词（连接代词或连接副词）引导，因为特殊疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略。,1.He asked,“W
6、here do you live?”2.“How can we get to the post-office?”he asked.,He asked where I lived.,He asked how they could get to the post-office.,Do you know where she is from？Could you tell me where we will have a meeting this afternoon？,注意：由特殊疑问引导的宾语从句，从句可转换为”特殊疑问句+不定式“结构。e.g.I dont know where I can go。=I
7、 dont know where to go。I don；t know what I should do=I dont know what to do。,陈 述 句,that,一般疑问句,if(whether),特殊疑问句,特殊疑问词,祈使句,肯定句,to+动词原形,否定句,not to+动词原形,He said to me,“Open the door,please!”He asked/told me to open the door.,1.Did the students have a picnic last Sunday?Do you know?2.Mr.Smith have been
8、in China for about three years.Jim told Lin Tao.,Do you know if/whether the students had a picnic last Sunday?,Jim told Lin Tao(that)Mr.Smith had been in China for about three years.,3.Which book should I read first?Please tell me.4.Light travels faster than sound.Our teacher told us in yesterdays c
9、lass.,Please tell me which book I should read first.,Our teacher told us(that)light travels faster than sound in yesterdays class.,5.如果从句中含有or或or not时，只能 用whether而不用if.,Could you tell me _ thats a fast train or not?Do you know _he is right or not?I dont care _hell stay here or not.,whether,whether,w
10、hether,6.连词+宾语从句 连词+to do,I dont know what I shall do next.I dont know what to do next.She didnt decide which one she would choose.She didnt decide which one to choose.Please tell me whom youll give the letter to.Please tell me whom to give the letter to.,1.The young man asked _ its summer or winter
11、.A.either B.that C.weather D.whether2.We dont know _ they did it.A.how B.who C.what D.which 3.The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time.A.that B.if C.when D.what time 4.Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not.A.if B.where C.whether D.that,D,A,B,C,5.I wonder _ he i
12、s crying now.A.that B.why C.how D.when 6.Have you found out _ we can do on Hainan Island?A.what B.how C.if D.whether 7.Lily said _ she had finished her composition.A.if B.that C.when D.where 8.I dont know _ he still lives here.A.where B.what C.when D.whether,B,A,B,D,将下列句子合并为一句:1.Where do they stop o
13、n the way?I asked.2.What will you speak at the meeting?Could you tell me?3.Do they like to make friends with us?He asked.4.“I am doing my homework.”He said.5.“I will come back.”Tom said.6.“Is he doing his homework?”Jim asked.,I asked where they stopped on the way.,Could you tell me what you will spe
14、ak at the meeting?,He asked if they liked to make friends with them.,He said that he was doing his homework.,Tom said that he would come back.,Jim asked if he was doing his homework.,7.“When will he come back?”Tom asked.8.“How can I get to the station?”Could you tell me?9.“Why is the train late?”Wou
15、ld you tell me?10.“Where is Tom?”They asked.,Tom asked when he would come back.,Could you tell me how I can get to the station?,Would you tell me why the train is late?,They asked where Tom was.,二、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：主句+引导词+主语+谓语+其他，将疑问句转化成宾语从句时；务必要将疑问句语序改为陈述语序。当疑问词在宾语从句中作主语时句子的语序不变。,你知道他什么时候回来吗？Do you k
16、now when he will come back？我想知道谁能回答我的问题。I want to know who can answer my questions。,三、时态1.当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据实际情况采用任何一种时态。,he will ask Jim a question.I am a good friend.He says he isnt feeling well now.he came back last night.he has been here twice before.,2.当主句是过去时态时，从句也应该采用相应的过去时态。,I knew who lived
17、here.I saw she was talking with her mother.He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow.He said that he had seen it.,3.注意：当从句陈述的是客观事实或普遍真理时，从句用一般现在时，不受主句时态的影响。,The teacher said that the earth goes/travels around the sun.2.The teacher said the sun rises from the east and sets in the west.3.Th
18、e teacher said the light travels/runs faster than the sound.4.The teacher said Japan is in the east of Asia.,3.注意：当从句陈述的是客观事实或普遍真理时，从句用一般现在时，不受主句时态的影响。,The teacher said that the earth goes/travels around the sun.2.The teacher said the sun rises from the east and sets in the west.3.The teacher said t
19、he light travels/runs faster than the sound.4.The teacher said Japan is in the east of Asia.,四：宾语从句的否定前移如果主句的谓语动词表示“猜测；相信；认为”等概念，如：think，believe，suppose，expect等，其后的宾语从句表示否定意义时，通常将否定转移到主句的谓语动词上，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。e.g.I dont think you can understand me。,注意：在反义疑问句中，若陈述句为含有宾语从句的复合句，且该从句使用了否定转移，附加
20、疑问句的主语，谓语应和从句的主语，谓语一致。如果主句是否定式，附加疑问句要用肯定式。I dont think he can drive a car，can he？,1).Do you know if _back next week?If he _ back,please let me know.A.he comes,will come B.will he come,comes C.he will come,comes D.he will come,will come,3.连词 if 和 when 在不同从句中的区别：,C,2).I dont know when he _(come).I can
21、t wait here any more.When he _(come),would you please ask him to call me?,will come,comes,if 如果,假如,when 当时,if 是否 when 何时 不影响句子时态,1.Nobody knows_ in 100years.what will the life be likeB.what the life will be likeC.What is the life like D.What the life is like2.Mike,could you tell me if Mary_ to my pa
22、rty tomorrow?_I think she will if she_ es;has B,comes;will haveC.will come;has D.will come;will have,B,C,3.I dont know_ to do next.-Its easy.Press the red button in 2minutes.What B,how C,where D.when4.could you tell me when Mr Li_ in Huanggang?-sure,When he _,Ill call you.arrives;will arrive B.will
23、arrive;arrivesC.arrives;arrives D.will arrive;will arrive,B,A,5.Excuse me.Could you tell me_from here to the bookstore?-Sure.About two miles.How much is it B.how much it isC.How far is it D,how far it is 6.I hear Sam has gone to Qingdao for his vacation.-Oh,how nice!Do you know when he_?left B.was l
24、eaving C,has left D.had left,D,A,7.Do you know _ the girl in red is?-Im not sure,Maybe a teacher.When B,how C.where D.what8.Linda told the policeman she _for the bus at ten oclock yesterday morning.waited B was waiting C.has waited D,waits,B,D,1.Could you show me _?A.how can I get to the station B.w
25、here is the station C.how I could get to the station D.how I can reach the station2.Please tell me _.A.what does he like B.what he does like C.what he likes D.what he like3.My sister told him _.A.what day was it B.when the train arrived C.who she was waiting D.where did you live,C,B,D,4.Could you te
26、ll me where we _ next week.A.would go B.to go C.had to go D.will go5.Could you tell me how much _to fly to Hainan?A.do it cost B.does it cost C.it cost D.it costs6.The small children dont know _.A.what is their stockings in B.what is in their stockings C.where is their stockings in D.what in their s
27、tockings,D,B,D,7.Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see _.A.who is he B.who he is C.who is it D.who it is 8.Could you tell me how long _?A.you have bought the watch B.you have kept this science book C.have you been away from China D.have you been a member of Greener China9.He says that if it _ t
28、omorrow,he _ fishing.A.will rain,wont go B.rained,wasnt go C.rains,wont go D.rain,will go,B,C,D,1.把下列句子改为宾语从句.1.she says,Shell see a film.She says_she_ _ a film.2.Did Peter come here yesterday?Li Lei wants to know.Li Lei wants to know_Peter_here yesterday.3.Where does she live?Mr.Hu asked.Mr.Hu aske
29、d_ _ _4.She said to me”Open the windows.She _ _ _ _ the windows.,that,see,if,came,where,she,lived,open,will,5.The teacher told us,Dont play on the street.The teacher told us_ _ _ on the street.6.Our geography teacher told us,The earth goes around the sun.Our geography teacher told us_ the earth _ ar
30、ound the sun.,not_,to,play,that,goes,1.Could you tell me if they _(work)in the factory so far.2.Did your parents tell you that the sun _(rise)in east?3.-What _ he _(say)just now?I _(not can hear)him.-He _(say)that he _(plant)trees with his parents yesterday.4.Can you tell me when _(leave)tomorrow?,h
31、ave worked,rises,did,say,couldnt hear,said,planted,to leave,5.Did he say that their parents _(come)here tomorrow.6.He told me two weeks _(be)enough.7.The teacher told us that the sun _(be)bigger than the moon.8.I think I _(tell)you what _(do)next.Dont just stay here!,to do,will tell/have told,is,was
32、,would come,9.A:What are you standing here for?B:Im waiting here to ask Mr.Johnson if he _(give)us a talk on American history.If he _(have)no time,Ill ask Mr.Smith instead.10.A:Do you know when Mr.Green _(come)to see us next month?B:Dont worry.I _(tell)you when he really _(come)here.,will give,has,w
33、ill come,will tell,comes,1.Could you tell me if they _(work)in the factory so far.2.Did your parents tell you that the sun _(rise)in east?3.-What _ he _(say)just now?I _(not can hear)him.-He _(say)that he _(plant)trees with his parents yesterday.4.Can you tell me when _(leave)tomorrow?,have worked,r
34、ises,did,say,couldnt hear,said,planted,to leave,5.Did he say that their parents _(come)here tomorrow.6.He told me two weeks _(be)enough.7.The teacher told us that the sun _(be)bigger than the moon.8.I think I _(tell)you what _(do)next.Dont just stay here!,to do,will tell/have told,is,was,would come,
35、9.A:What are you standing here for?B:Im waiting here to ask Mr.Johnson if he _(give)us a talk on American history.If he _(have)no time,Ill ask Mr.Smith instead.10.A:Do you know when Mr.Green _(come)to see us next month?B:Dont worry.I _(tell)you when he really _(come)here.,will give,has,will come,wil
36、l tell,comes,1.Could you tell me if they _(work)in the factory so far.2.Did your parents tell you that the sun _(rise)in east?3.-What _ he _(say)just now?I _(not can hear)him.-He _(say)that he _(plant)trees with his parents yesterday.4.Can you tell me when _(leave)tomorrow?,have worked,rises,did,say
37、,couldnt hear,said,planted,to leave,5.Did he say that their parents _(come)here tomorrow.6.He told me two weeks _(be)enough.7.The teacher told us that the sun _(be)bigger than the moon.8.I think I _(tell)you what _(do)next.Dont just stay here!,to do,will tell/have told,is,was,would come,9.A:What are
38、 you standing here for?B:Im waiting here to ask Mr.Johnson if he _(give)us a talk on American history.If he _(have)no time,Ill ask Mr.Smith instead.10.A:Do you know when Mr.Green _(come)to see us next month?B:Dont worry.I _(tell)you when he really _(come)here.,will give,has,will come,will tell,comes
39、,The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be)The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)Tom says that they _(play)basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.I hear they _(return)it already.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948.(be)He asked what they _ at eight last night.(do)The teacher to
40、ld his class that light _ faster than sound.(travel)I think you _ about the relay race now.(talk)I didnt know whom the letters _ from.(be),will be,goes,were playing,have returned,had been,travels,are talking,were,were doing,10.I didnt know what time he _ the letter.(write)11.Miss Wang told me that t
41、he earth _(move)round the sun.12.Could you tell me who _ away the book already?(take)13.Ling Feng told me he _ to several times.(be)14.Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east.(rise)15.Can you tell me what they _ yesterday?(do),wrote,moves,has taken,had been,rises,did,THE END,1.When will h
42、e go to the library?His brother asks when he will go to the library.His brother asks when will he go to the library.,2.What does he want to buy?I dont know what he wants to buy.I dont know what does he want to buy.,3.Who are we going to meet?Can you tell me who we are going to meet?Can you tell me w
43、ho are we going to meet?,4.Does he know French?We want to know if/whether he knows French.We want to know if/whether does he know French.,5.Will they go to Canada in summer?They re not sure if/whether they will go to Canada in summer.They re not sure if/whether will they go to Canada in summer.,主句时态
44、,从 句 时 态,连 接 前,连 接 后,一般现在时,时态保持不变,一般过去时,一般现在时,一般过去时,一般过去时,一般过去时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,1).Do you know if _back next week?If he _ back,please let me know.A.he comes,will come B.will he come,comes C.he will come,comes D.he will come,will come,3.连词 if 和 when 在不同从句中的区别：,C,2).I dont know whe
45、n he _(come).I cant wait here any more.When he _(come),would you please ask him to call me?,will come,comes,if 如果,假如,when 当时,if 是否 when 何时 不影响句子时态,1could/would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。,注意事项,Could you please tell me where we show our tickets?Could you tell us which gate we have to go to?Would you like to know when he will come back?,
