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1、语法专项复习,Object Clause 宾语从句,一、宾语从句的概念,宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。I like my teacher.（名词作宾语)I know him.（代词作宾语）I know Mr Li teaches English.(句子作宾语）包含宾语从句的句子结构：主句+连接词（引导词）+宾语从句,二、宾语从句三要素,连 接 词,时 态,语 序,（一）连接词,1.that2.whether/if3.连接代词who whom whose what which4.连接副词when why where how。,由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,注：that 在
2、句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略,e.g.I hear(that)_.（一小时后他会回来）He said(that)_.（他非常想念我们）The teacher told us(that)_.（地球围着太阳转）,he will be back in an hour,he missed us very much,the earth moves around the sun,注意：当从句是客观真理的时候，无论主句什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时,由从属连词whether,if 引导的宾语从句,e.g.1.Ask him _.（他是否能来）2.I dont know _.（是否
3、要下雨）,whether(if)he can come,whether it is going to rain or not,当句末为or not时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.,If 与whether 的区别,I dont know _ he will come or not.I dont care of _ he is handsome.He wondered _ to stay here the next week._ he will come is not decided.,与or not 连用只能用whether,介词后只能用whether,与to do 不定式连用只能用
4、whether,作主语只能用whether,由连接代词what,whom,whose,which,what及连接副词 when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句,when well have a meeting,where he is,how I can get to the station,why the train is late,who could answer the question,whom they are waiting for,if和when还可以引导时间状语从句当主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时态。,Could you tell me when he _?Could
5、you please call me when he _?(arrive)I really dont know if he _(explain)the problem to us though he has been asked for several times.You can paint your room blue if you _(feel)upset.,will arrive,arrives,will explain,feel,（二）语序：陈述句语序,即：陈述句结构（主+谓+其他成分）将下列句子换成陈述句语序1.Is there a bank near here?2.Are they
6、 doing homework?3.Did the bad news influence his mood?There is a bank near here.They are doing homework.The bad news influenced his mood.,将下列问句变成陈述句。1.Can he swim?swim.2.Does he have a pen?a pen.3.Which place did he go to?Which place.4.Whats wrong with you?.5.What happened to you?.6.Which is the way
7、 to the station?.想一想 为什么4，5，6 语序不变？,He can,He has,he went to,What happened to you,Whats wrong with you,说一说将上面的句子置于一个主句后，变成一个宾语从句。,Which is the way to the station,Can you tell me/I want to know/I wonder/Please tell me?e.g.Can you tell me if/whether he can swim?,（三）时态(时态一致性）1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从 句的时态根据具
8、体情况来确定，可以是_时态。I dont think(that)you are right.Please tell us where well go fishing tomorrow.Do you know when Mr.Smith moved here?,任 何,四.宾语从句中时态的变化,填一填,was,is,will cook,is singing,has been,was playing,had learned,1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）,2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的_时态（一般过去时，
9、过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.He said that he would go back to the U.S.soon.,过去,2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）,1)He will go to Hong Kong.2)He is sick.3)He is reading a book.4)He has finished his work.,1)He to Hong Kong.,2)He sick.3)He
10、 a book.4)He,辨一辨,would go,was,was reading,his work.,had finished,确定从句的时态(根据主句时态),主句时态,从 句 时 态,连 接 前,连 接 后,一般现在时,时态保持不变,一般过去时,一般现在时,一般过去时,一般过去时,过去完成时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，即使主句用了过去时，从句仍用 _ 时态。例如：The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.,一般现在,3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在
11、的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。（特殊性原则）,He told me(that),Summer is after Spring.,I was told(that),the sun is much bigger than the moon.,My parents told me(that),no news is good news.,比一比,三、宾语从句与简单句的转换（一）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose 等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。,eg:(1)I hope that I
12、 can receive your e-mail.I hope to receive your e-mail(2)He has decided that he should improve his study skills.He has decided to improve his study skills.,(二）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn 等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。eg:(3)She doesnt know what she should do next.She doesnt know_.,wha
13、t to do next,(三）当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,teach 等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。,eg:(4)Will you please show me how I can work it out?Will you please show me _.,how to work it out,(四）当直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，用ask/tell/order Sb.(not)to do sth 结构。,eg:(5)A:Please be quiet.B:What did Bill say?A:He asked us to be quiet.(6)Don
14、t trouble me he said to me.He told me not to trouble him.,四、否定转移 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think，believe,guess,suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动用肯定式。eg:(5)I dont think he will come with you.注意：这种句子在其后接附加问句时，要特别小心。eg:(6)I dont believe he has finished the work,_?(7)He knew why Jim w
15、asnt at school,_?解析：例6，当主句的主语为第一人称时，附加问句的主语由宾语从句的主语充当。例7，如果主句的主语非第一人称时，则附加问句的主语 由主句的主语充当。,has he,didnt he,.Find out the mistakes and correct them.1 Could you tell me where do they live?去掉do do2 She knew that Danny is a student.3 He told me that winter was colder than autumn.4 Do you know who car it
16、is?,was,is,whose,六.课堂检测,Do you know _?A.where does she live B.she lives whereC.where she lives D.where she live2.His parents wanted to know what he _at that time.A.is doing B.was doing C.has done D.will do,C,B,巩固练习：,I从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。,4Lilys mother looked for her for half an hour,but could not
17、find _?what Lily was B.what was LilyC.where Lily was D.where was Lily,C,3.We dont know _.-It is said that he was born in Canada.what he is B.when he was born C.where he comes from D.if he lives here,C,5 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.,A.took B.take C.takes D.will take,6 Lind
18、a said the moon_ round the earth.,A.travelled B.has travelled C.travels D.had travelled,A,C,7.Could you please tell me _ he will come here tomorrow?A.if B.weather C.what D.which,A,8.Could you tell me _?,A.when will they leave Beijing,B.when would they leave Beijing,C.when they will leave Beijing,D.w
19、hen did they leave Beijing,C,II.改错：,1.Miss Zhang asked me why was I late for school.,_,Miss Zhang asked me why I was late for school.,2.Father told me the sun always rose in the east.,_,Father told me the sun always rises in the east.,3.He doesnt know that when she can come back.,_,He doesnt know wh
20、en she can come back.,The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be)The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)Tom says that they _(play)basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.I hear he _(return)it already.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948.(be)He asked what they _ at eight last night
21、.(do)The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound.(travel)I think you _ about the relay race now.(talk)I didnt know whom the letters _ from.(be),will be,goes,were playing,has returned,had been,travels,are talking,were,were doing,10.I didnt know what time he _ the letter.(write)11.Miss W
22、ang told me that the earth _(move)round the earth.12.Could you tell me who _ away the book already?(take)13.Ling Feng told me he _ to several times.(be)14.Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east.(rise)15.Can you tell me what they _ yesterday?(do),wrote,moves,has taken,has been,rises,did,:
23、1.Where do they stop on the way?I asked.2.What will you say at the meeting?Could you tell me?3.Do they like to make friends with us?He asked.4.“I am doing my homework.”He said.5.“I will come back.”Tom said.,I asked where they stopped on the way.,Could you tell me what you will sayat the meeting?,He
24、asked if they liked to make friends with them.,He said that he was doing his homework.,Tom said that he would come back.,6.“Is he doing his homework?”Jim asked.7.“When will he come back?”Tom asked.8.“How can I get to the station?”Could you tell me?9.“Why is the train late?”Would you tell me?10.“Where is Tom?”They asked.,Tom asked when he would come back.,Could you tell me how I can get to the station?,Would you tell me why the train is late?,They asked where Tom was.,Jim asked if he was doing his homework.,
