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1、,非谓语动词系列用法归纳,概 说动词不定式(to do)是初中英语课的一个重点，也是中考要考查的一个项目。动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式，很多同学经常把它和谓语动词混在一起，掌握起来有困难。下面我们对动词不定式的用法做简单归纳，帮助同学们记忆,动词不定式的主要用法 一、动词不定式在句子中不能独立充当谓语,没有人称和数的变化。二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(有时可以不带to)。动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(此时not不能再与助动词连用)。,动词不定式基本用法口诀,不定式有标记，to与动原连一起。没有人称数变化，动词特点它具备。主宾定状表状语，惟独作谓不可以。not加
2、上不定式，否定结构要牢记。疑问词与不定式，构成短语有意义。仔细推敲多思考，准确判断有依据。,三、动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能,可在句中用做多种句子成分。名词：主语 宾语 形容词：表语 定语 副词：状语 宾补,谚语 要记住,To say is one thing and to do is another.It is better to give than to receiveTo work hard is the key to success.To see is to believe（主语）（表语）,不定式作主语用法歌诀 不定式，作主语；行为多是指具体；结构常用主系表；形式主语“
3、it”替；若问真主在哪里；带to不定式往后去。,(1)作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，Itbe形容词(forof sb.)动词不定式。Its important(for us)to protect the environment.(对我们来说)保护环境是很重要的。注：当在描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如：good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等词
4、后，不用for而用of。Its very kind of_you_to_help_me.你帮助我真是太好啦。,若描述做某事性质的形容词：如important(重要的)，necessary(必要的)，difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艰难的)，dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有益的)，pleasant(舒适的)，interesting(有趣的)，impossible(不可能的)等。Itsadj.forsb不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说”,你可以用这个句型来验证sb+be+adj 句式。看这个句子的意思是不是成立，要是成立，就用of。要是不
5、成立则用for.you_are kind 这个句子成立，所以用of We are important 这个句子不成立，则用for,动 词 不定式作宾 语此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。例：would you like to see my photos?Kevin planned to visit his uncle 类似用法的词还有:start,want,agree,hope,begin,decide,agree,love,like,hate,prefer等。,巧记动词不定式作宾语歌诀：,想要拒绝莫忘记（want,refuse,forget）需要努力就学习（need,try,learn）喜欢帮
6、助加同意（like help agree）希望决定后开始（hope,decide,begin,start）,点击规律：在find feel think consider+it+adj+to do sth句型中，it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。I found it very difficult to get a job.(it为形式宾语)如：The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep I feel it easy to recite the text,点击规律：这些动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思区别不大。提
7、示板：like doing指经常性动作，而like to do指一次性的动作。I like swimming，but I dont like to swim now我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。beginstart to do sth beginstart doing sth love hate to do sth love hate doing sth,后面只接动名词做宾的动词实践完成听建议practice finish suggest 习惯继续别放弃be used to Keep on give up 喜欢思念忙介意enjoy miss be busy mind 不禁考虑会想你Cant he
8、lp consider feel like,2)思考:巧记哪些动名词与不定式的动词意思有较大的区别？记住要努力，（remember want try)需要别忘记；(need forget)后悔没尽力，(regret try)意思要停止。(mean require stop),返回,1.remember to do sth 记住要做某事 You must remember to lock the door when you leave 2.remember doing sth 记得曾做过某事 I remember locking the front door 3.forget to do sth
9、 忘记要做某事 He forgot to do his homework yesterday 4.forget doing sth 忘记曾做过某事 I forgot saying this thing to you 5.try to do sth 努力做某事 He tries to answer each question 6.try doing sth 试着做某事 I tried singing an English song,7.mean to do sth 打算做某事We mean to travel abroad next year 我们明年打算去国外旅行8.mean doing st
10、h 意味着It means waiting for him another hour 这意味着要再等一个小时9.stop to do sth 停下来去做某事Stop to have a rest if you are tired 10.stop doing sth 停止做某事Although it rained heavily,the farmers didnt stop working in the field 虽然雨下得很大，农民们却没有停止在田间劳动11.regret to do sth 对现在发生的事表示“遗憾”We regret to inform you that you owe
11、the bank$100我们很遗憾地通知你，你欠银行100美元,12.regret doing sth 对发生过的事表示“后悔”He regretted playing computer games.他后悔玩电脑游戏13.want to do sth 想要做某事He wants to be a singer 14.want doing 需要；该The tea table wants washing 茶几需要清洗了15.need require to do sth 需要做某事We need require to do a lot of work 16.need require doing sth
12、 主动表被动The blackboard needsrequires cleaning黑板需要擦了17.go on to do sth做完一件事后继续做另外一件不同的事 18.go on doing sth继续做原来所做的同一件事,表 语放在连系动词be后面 例:His wish is to become a scientist Our duty is to protect the environment.The first important thing is to save the soldiers lives.当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。点击规律:动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常对连系动词
13、前面的名词进行诠释说明。,返回,定 语动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词、代词的后面。例:He is the first person to sail around the world.I have a lot of work to do The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy 点击规律:动词不定式若在句中作定语,常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。,返回,不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。,不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：(1)动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多
14、工作要做。(2)主谓关系 He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。(3)同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college.我们都有上大学的机会。,切记:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系,且动词是不及物动词,是不定式动作的地点、工具等，切记不要忘掉后面的介词。如：I have a small bedroom to live in Have you got some pens to write with？注：不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。He had no mo
15、ney and no place to live.他没钱没地方住,作 状 语 a.目的状语:放在go,come,use,live,in order等词后面.如：I come to see you He runs fast in order to get there in time They brought the photos of their families for me to look at,返回,不定式作状语用法歌诀不定式，来作状，目的结果两最忙，原因虽有却少见，形表这后表方面。这些短语中的不定式都是做状语in order to,so as to,enough to,only to,t
16、oo.to.,b.原因状语:放在sorry,glad,surprised,disappointed，excited等词后面。(有些资料上把这类称为不定式在表示心理、情感、评价等的形容词后,对其进行补充说明,作形容词补足语）如：I am glad to see you here I am sorry to trouble you,c.作结果状语。如:Some of the apples are hard to reach（结果）The room is large enough to hold 1000 people（结果）I went to the office to ask a questio
17、n（表目的）,宾语补足语(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to：tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,等词后面常接不定式作宾补。例:I asked a friend to read it to me I tell him not to go there by bus Edisons mother taught him to read and write,返回,(2)在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词如：动词不定式作宾补，十个半动词省略to 一感、二听、三让、四看、半帮助 The boss makes them work 16
18、 hours a day I heard her sing in the next room,一感、二听、三让、四看、半帮助一感：feel 二听：hear listen to 三让：let make have四看：see watch notice look at 半帮助：help,提示板:若变成被动语态,在上述结构中,不定式符号to要加上。动词不定式象妖怪，to来to去叫人猜主动语态 to 离开，被动语态to 回来。如:They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss She was heard to sing in the next room,
19、巧记help 的用法歌诀不定式，做宾补，想带 to,要看动。主不亲动可带to,主要亲动to可送。当help的动词不是主语亲自动手的，可带to；当help的动词是主语亲自动手的，可不带to；The teacher helps me to prepare for the examWill you help me mend my bike,巧记help的用法歌 不定式，作宾补，带to否，要看主。“主”不亲动可带“to”，“主”要亲动可略“to”Help sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事（主语不亲自动手）The teacher help me to prepare for the exam H
20、elp help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事（主语亲自动手）Will you help me mend my bike Help sb with sth 帮助某人某事 He helps me with my English every day,“疑问词不定式”用法 不定式前可带what，who，whose,，which，where,when,how,等疑问词,这种不定式短语相当于名词，在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。例:He didnt tell me where to go.(直宾)I dont know what to say now.(宾语)I dont know what t
21、o do next.(宾语）He taught us how to use the computer(宾语补足语),返回,Its still a question how to get there(主语)在初中阶段还涉及到“不定式被动语态一般式(to be+过去分词)”例:There are twenty more trees to be planted.注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Why not have a rest?,固定句型(it to do)1.是干的时候了 Its time for sb to do sth=
22、Its time for sb for sth Its time for us to have lunch=its time for us for lunch 2.花某人时间干某事 It takes(took)sb time to do sth It takes him an hour to do homework every day.It will take us half a day to get there tomorrow.3.做.怎么样?It is+adj+to do sth It is important for us to study English well.sb find(f
23、ound)it+adj+to do sth We found it important to study English well.,4.Why(not)do sth.?5.prefer to do/prefer doing6.prefer+n./doing A+to+n./doing B7.prefer+to do A rather than(to)do B8.would rather(not)do sth.9.had better/had best+(not)do sth.最好（不）做某事10.would rather do A than(do)B11.would rather+句子（过去
24、式）（虚拟语气）要做,现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语 Feel sb do sth 感到某人做了某事 I feel him listen to tape feel Feel sb doing sth 感到某人正在做某事 I feel him sleeping in class,Hear sb do sth 听到某人做了某事 I hear your brother sing in the next room hear Hear sb doing sth 听到某人正在做某事 I hear your brother singing in the next room Listen to sb do
25、sth 听到某人做了某事 I listened to you sing last night listen to Listen to sb doing sth 听到某人正在做某事 I listened you singing at this time yesterday.,Look sb do sth 看见某人做了某事 I often look him play basketball in the afternoon.Look Look sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 I looked hin playing football at this time yesterday.See
26、 sb do sth 看见某人做了某事 I often see him play basketball in the afternoon.See See sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 I saw hin playing football at this time yesterday.,Watch sb do sth 看见某人做了某事 she often watches him play computer gamesWatch Watch sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 I watched him playing games in class Notice sb d
27、o sth 看见某人做了某事 Notice Notice sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事,现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别我们常见的动词如：see，watch，notice，hear，feel，have等，它们接不带to的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；接现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行着。I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”这个动作正在进行)I heard him sing in the classroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动作已结束),现在分词与过去分词的区别。在语态
28、上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。the surprising news令人惊讶的消息a surprised man 一个受惊吓的人在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。the developing country 发展中国家the developed country发达国家,Have的用法歌 Have 用作使役动，后跟宾补有三种。若叫别人做某事，have sth done记心中，Done为过分表被动，get,have 两相同，听任、保持用doing,现在进行又主动，如让某人做某事，have sb do 可使用，不定式do把to 省，let,make,
29、have孪弟兄。,易混句式have sb.do sth.have sb.doing sth.和have sth.done 的区别。have sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用let，make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。,have sb.doing sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用keep代替，现在分词(doing)这个动作往往具有持续进行的含义。听任或保持某人（某物）做某
30、事”,doing为现在分词作宾补，有“主动进行”之意，have的宾语可以是人，也可以是物，它是现在分词所表示的动作的执行者，The two men had the boy running all night long.那两个人让这个男孩跑了一夜。,have sth.done 意为“让某人做某事”相当于 ask sb.else to do sth.。过去分词(done)这个动作由他人(即非主语本身)来完成，含有被动意义且强调动作已经完成。表示“请、让、使）别人做某事”；done为过去分词作宾补，表被动，其执行者是其它人，并非句子的主语，have 的宾语一般是物，它是过去分词所表示动作的承受者，T
31、he driver had his car washed once a week.那位司机每周叫人洗一次车。,根据句意,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Its time for us _(have)supper 2.Would you like _(go)shopping with me？3.It took us half an hour _(work)out the problem,to go 主语,to go 宾语,to work 主语,4.He is old enough _(join)the army 5.I feel strange _(have)a twin sister 6.
32、I am very glad _(meet)you here7They prefer _(stay)at home rather than go out,to join 结果状语,to have 形容词补足语(原),to meet 形容词补足语(原),to stay 宾语,8.We saw them_(come)into the room just now 9.What he said made me_(feel)sorry 10.I am sorryI forgot_(tell)you the news 11.His plan is _(spend)a few days in the mou
33、ntains,come 宾补,feel 宾补,to tell 宾语,to spend 表语,12.Have you got anything _(say)?13.Have you decided which one _(choose)?14.Do you know when_(start)？15.He is too weak _(carry)the big stone,to say 定语,to choose 定语,to start 不定式短语作宾语,to carry 结果状语,My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.g
34、iving up B.to give up C.give up D.given up2.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.having been B.to have beenC.to be D.being3.The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot _.A.turning it off B.turn it offC.to turn it off D.having turned it off,B,C,C,4.-What do you think of t
35、he school?-It is a very good _.school to study in B.school for children to studyC.studying school D.school to study5.We find it impossible for us _ the work.A.to finish B.finishing C.being finished D.to be finished,A,A,6._ a living,she had to work from morning till night.To make B.MadeC.Making D.To
36、have made7.I would rather starve to death than _ for food.beg B.begging C.begged D.to beg8.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.reading B.to read C.to be reading D.being read,A,A,C,非谓语动词(训练时间：50分钟分值：50分),一、单项选择(42分)1We can make a fire _the room warm so that we can chat for a while.Ato keep Bk
37、eeping Ckeep Dkept【解析】由句意“我们可以生火让房间暖和起来，以便我们能闲聊一会儿”知此处应为动词不定式作目的状语，故选A。【答案】A,2Try to sing more English songs，and you will find it interesting _a foreign language.Alearning Blearns Clearn Dto learn【解析】本题考查动词不定式的用法。find itadj.to do sth.“发现做某事怎么样”是一种固定句式，故选D。【答案】D,3We cant work out the physics problem.
38、Can you tell us _？Ahow to do Bwhat to do itChow to do it Dwhat should to do【解析】本题考查“疑问词不定式”的用法。句意为“我们做不出这道物理题，你能告诉我们怎样做吗？”how to do sth.“怎样做某事”，do后的宾语不能省略。故选C。【答案】C,4 May I have a rest?I have already finished _the report.Awrite BwritingCto write Dwritten【解析】finish后若跟动词，要用v.ing形式，故选B。【答案】B,5I feel a
39、bit hungry now.Why not _for dinner with us?Ago Bdid you goCto go Ddo you go【解析】本题考查why not的用法。why not与why dont you同义，其后要接动词原形，故选A。【答案】A,6Plan your time carefully and make sure you have some time _what you like every day.Ado Bto doCdoing Ddone【解析】have time to do sth.“有时间做某事”是固定短语，故选B。【答案】B,7)Dont for
40、get _your homework，John.OK.Ill do right now.Adoing Bdo Cto do【解析】forget to do sth.“忘记要做某事(还没做)”；forget doing sth.“忘记做过某事(已经做了)”。由句意“约翰，别忘了做作业。”知选C。【答案】C,8At last the boy was made _and began to laugh.Astop crying Bto stop to cryCto stop crying Dstop to cry【解析】make sb.do sth.“让某人做某事”，后跟省略to的不定式，但使役动词m
41、ake变为被动式时，后面省略的to要补充出来。stop doing sth.“停止做某事”；stop to do sth.“停下来去做某事”。由题意知选C。【答案】C,9If prices rise too high,the government has to do something _it.Astop Bstopped Cstopping Dto stop【解析】本题考查动词不定式的用法。由句意“如果价格涨得过高，政府必须做一些事情来阻止它。”可知用动词不定式作目的状语。【答案】D,10The new treatments _by Norman Bethune helped a numbe
42、r of soldiers.Ainvent BinventsCinventing Dinvented【解析】句意为“由诺曼白求恩发明的新的治疗方法帮助了许多士兵”。由句意可知用过去分词短语invented by Norman Bethune作后置定语修饰名词treatments。故选D。【答案】D,11I often have hamburgers for lunch.Youd better not.Its bad for you _too much junk food.Aeat Bto eat Ceating Date【解析】“Itsadj.for sb.to do sth.”是固定句型，意
43、为“对某人来说做某事是的”。句中it作形式主语，后面的不定式短语作真正的主语。【答案】B,12Whenever you have a chance _English，you should take it.Aspeak Bto speak Cspoke Dspeaks【解析】本题考查动词不定式。由句意“无论什么时候你有一个说英语的机会，你应该抓住它。”可知用不定式短语作后置定语。【答案】B,13Its a fine day today.How about _？Sounds great!Ago hiking Bgo to hikeCgoing hiking Dto go to hike【解析】Ho
44、w about.？意为“怎么样？”about是介词，后接动词时用动名词形式，故排除A、B、D三项。go hiking“去徒步旅行”。【答案】C,14Water Park is a good place _.Ato have fun Bhave funChaving fun Dto have a fun【解析】have fun是固定短语，意为“玩得高兴，过得愉快”。由句意“水上公园是一个游玩的好地方”可知用动词不定式作后置定语。【答案】A,15When I was walking past the window,I noticed Wang Fei _my homework.I really g
45、ot _.Acopying；annoyed Bcopying；annoyingCcopy；annoyed Dcopied；annoyed【解析】notice后接不带to的动词不定式或动词的ing形式，其意思分别为：注意到某人做了某事(看到该动作的全过程)；注意到某人正在做某事。由题干语境可知第一空应填copying。annoying“使生气的；使恼怒的”，主语多为事物：annoyed“生气的；烦恼的”，主语多为人。由主语I知第二空填annoyed。【答案】A,16As we all know，its not polite to keep others _for a long time.Awai
46、t Bwaited Cto wait Dwaiting【解析】keep sb.doing sth.“使某人一直做某事”，动名词作宾补。句意是“我们都知道，让别人一直等很长时间是不礼貌的。”故选D。【答案】D,17You had better _because you have to drive back home.Anot drinking Bnot drinkCdont drink Dnot to drink【解析】had better do sth.“最好做某事”，用于给对方提建议，do为不带to的不定式作宾补；had better的否定形式一般将not加在better之后，即had be
47、tter not do sth.。【答案】B,18While we were running on the playground,Jack suddenly stopped _and lay on the ground，so we all stopped _what was wrong with him.Ato run；to see Brunning；seeingCrunning；to see【解析】stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”；stop to do sth.意为“停下来去做某事”。句意为“我们在操场上跑步时，杰克突然停下躺在地上，因此我们都停下来看他怎么了。”故选C。【答
48、案】C,19_a volunteer is great.I think so.Some of us want _volunteers for the London Olympics.ABeing；being BTo be；beingCBeing；to be DTo be；to be【解析】第一个空为动名词作主语；第二个空want to do/be为固定结构，不定式作宾语。句意为“做志愿者很棒。”“我也这样认为，我们中的一些人想做伦敦奥运会的志愿者。”【答案】C,20Many students said that they were willing to work hard to make th
49、eir dreams _true.Acome Bcame Ccomes【解析】make sb.do sth.意为“使某人做某事”。句意为“许多学生说他们愿意努力工作，使他们的梦想能够实现。”【答案】A,21Danny did all kinds of things to make his sister _.Ato stop crying Bstop crying Cto stop to cry Dstop to cry【解析】make后面跟不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。stop doing sth.“停止做某事”；stop to do sth.“停下来去做某事”，由句意知选B。【答案】B
50、,22We have two rooms _，but I cant decide _.Ato live;to choose which one Blived;choose which one Cto live in;which one to choose Dlive;which one【解析】根据句意“我们有两间屋子去居住，但是我不知道选择哪一间。”第一个句子中live in的in不能省略。“选择哪一间”用“which one to choose”。故选C。【答案】C,23We dont have much homework this weekend.Shall we go out toget
