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1、Unit 2 Robots Grammar,动词不定式的被动语态,一、复习各种时态的被动语态 被动语态的基本结构:be+done（以 the book,publish 为例）一般现在/过去时：The book _.一般/过去将来时:The book _.The book _.现在/过去进行时：The book _.现在/过去完成时:The book _.情态动词：The book _.,is/was published,will/would be published,is/was going to be published,is/was being published,has/had been
2、 published,can/could/may/mightbe published,二、动词不定式的被动语态 1.动词不定式的被动语态有两种形式：1）一般式（not/never）to be done 2）完成式（not/never）to have been done（表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）,2.动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用 1)做主语（常用it做形式主语）To be offered sympathy by a robot is ridiculous.被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式，是一大荣幸。2)做表语 The party is to be held next Saturday
3、 evening.明年,这种新药将在500个过度肥胖的人上进行试验。,It is ridiculous to be offered sympathy by.,It is a great honor to be invited to attend the opening ceremony of Asian Games.,The new drug is to be tested out on the 500overweight people next year.,3)做宾语 She didnt like to be treated as a child.He pretended to have b
4、een beaten by his step-father.这位职员不希望被她的顾客嘲笑。,The clerk wouldnt like to be laughed at by her customers,4)做宾语补足语 Tony expected the house to be completely transformed.这个残疾的孩子希望由这个主建筑师来设计这座 电影院。,The disabled child expected the cinema to be designed by the chief architect.,5）做定语 What a victory to be env
5、ied by those women!英国人对即将在伦敦举行的奥运会感到骄傲。,The English are proud of the Olympic Games to be held in London.,6）做状语 All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas.他匆忙赶到订票处（booking office）却被告知 所有的票都卖完了。,He hurried to the booking office only to be told that all the ti
6、ckets had been sold out.,I.根据括号内的提示将下列句子补充完整。1.He wanted the letter _(type)at once.2.It is the first such project _(design)by Chinese engineers.,练一练,to be typed,to have been designed,3.They knew him _(arrest)by the police.5.He said he was _(send)there to attend an important meeting next Friday.,to h
7、ave been arrested,to be sent,6.She didnt want her son _(take)away.7.Do let your mother know all the truth.She appears _(tell)everything.8.She is busy preparing for the exams _(hold)next month.9.He hurried to the station only _(tell)that the train had left.,to be taken,to have been told,to be held,to
8、 have been told,3.在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。1)不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成 逻辑上的动宾关系，但又与该句主语（或另一名 词/代词）构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,He has nothing to eat.分析：eat 动nothing宾/he 主eat 谓 I will give you a book to read.分析：_ 动_宾/_主_谓 这个优雅的女人有事情要宣布。,read,a book,you,read,The elegant lady had something to declare.,比较：I have a lot of lette
9、rs to type.(我有很多信件要打印：I will type the letter)I have a lot of letters to be typed.(意思为：I get sb.to type the letter)1)Ill go to New York.Have you anything _(take)to your wife there?2)Have you any clothes _(wash),sir?”asked the maid 3)I cannot go out now as I have a lot of clothes _(wash),to be taken,t
10、o be washed,to wash,注意：若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式则必须用被动式。,3.在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。2)在“主语+表语（形容词）to do”中，主语也是 不定式的逻辑宾语,即不定式动词和主语之间是 动宾关系。This question is easy to answer.（分析：answer(动)-this question（宾）注意：如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。John is difficult to deal with.（分析：_(动)-_(宾)）如：这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。这题目很难算出来。,deal with,John,
11、The armchair is comfortable to sit in,The question is difficult to work out,4.There be 结构中，用不定式的主动和被 动式来修饰主语，区别不大。There is a lot of work to do/to be done.(多用主动形式)没有什么可担心的。,There is nothing to worry about.,The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier_ it more difficult.A.not make B.not to m
12、ake C.not making D.do not make 2.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects,高考题汇集：,3.Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer.,to invent B.inventing C.to have invented C.having invented,4.Allen had to call a ta
13、xi because the box was _ to carry all the way home.,much too heavy B.too much heavy C.heavy too much D.too heavy much,5.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.,A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to,6.Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.,to
14、be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking,7.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.,to be chosen B.to choose from C.to choose D.for choosing,8._late in the afternoon,Bob turned off the alarm.,A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having sleep,9.With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-el
15、ected president is having a hard time.,settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settled,10.She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_in making the earth a better place to live.,A.to have played B.to play C.to be played D.to be playing,11.In order to gain a bigger share in t
16、he international market,many state run companies are trying _their products more competitive.,to make B.makingC.to have made D.having made,12.The teacher asked us_so much noise.,A.dont make B.not make,C.not making D.not to make,EXERCISES 1.You had better _ your hair cut.A.had B.have C to get D to ha
17、ve2.We _ put the meeting off for a week.A.can as well B.will as well C.shall as well D.may as well3.He _ live in the country than in the city.A.prefers B.likes to C.had better D.would rather4.The boy told his father that he would rather _ an astronaut.A.become B.to become C.becoming D.became,5.Paul
18、doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning 6.-I usually go there by train.-Why not _ by boat for a change?A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going 7.He wants to do nothing but _ out.A.to goB.go C.going D.goes 8.Compared with women.men alway
19、s prefer _ at home rather than _ so much time shopping.A.to finish,to spend B.to finish,spend C.finish,spend D.finish,to spend,巩固性练习 1.She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake.A.to clean B.cleaning C.to be cleaning D.being cleaned 2.While shopping,people sometimes cant help _ into b
20、uying something they dont really need.A.to persuade B.to be persuaded C.persuading D.being persuading 3.We agreed _ here,but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met,4.-You were brave enough to raise the objections at the meeting.-Well,now I regret _ that.A.to do
21、 B.to doing C.to have done D.having done5.Little Tom should love _ to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking,6.Ive got a terrible headache.I tried _ some medicine,but it didnt help.A.to take B.having taken C.taking D.to have taken 7.-Would you join us tonight?-I _,bu
22、t I have to prepare for tomorrows test.A.would love so B.would love to C.would love it D.would love 8.I would love _ to the party last night,but I had to finish extra hours to finish a report.A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone,9.He let me repeat his instructions _ sure that I understood wh
23、at was _ after he went away.A.to make,to be done B.making,doing C.to make,to do D.making,to do 10.-You should have thanked her before you left.-I meant _,but when I was leaving,I couldnt find her anywhere.A.to do B.to C.doing D.doing so 11.In some parts of London,missing a bus means _ for another ho
24、ur.A.waiting B.to wait C.wait D.to be waiting,12.With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president felt very happy.A.settled B.steeling C.to settle D.being settled13.-Do let your mother know all the truth.-She appears _ everything.A.to tell B.to be told C.to be telling D.to have been to
25、ld,14.To fetch water before breakfast seemed to be a rule _.A.to never break B.never to be broken C.never to have broken D.never to be breaking 15.In Australia he made a lot of friends _a very practical knowledge of English.A.get B.getting C.to get D.got,练习：1.Sarah,hurry up.Im afraid you wouldnt hav
26、e time to _ before the party.(NMET2004全国卷I)A.get changed B.get change C.get changing D.get to change2.My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills.(NMET 2004 北京)A.for me taking B.me taking C.for me to take D.me to take3.I dont know whether you happen _,but Im going to study i
27、n the USA this September.(2004 辽宁)A.to be heard B.to be hearing C.to hear D.to have heard4.The final examination is coming up soon.Its time for us to _ our studies.(NMET 2004 辽宁)A.get down to B.get outC.get back for D.get over,5.The flu is believed _ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells in
28、side the human nose and throat.(NMET 2004 上海)A.causing B.being caused C.to be caused D.to have caused6.The news reporters hurried to the airport,only _ the film stars had left.(NMET 2004 福建)A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told 7.It seems that he has no pen _.(NMET 2003 北京 春)A.to write B.to write
29、withC.writing D.writing with8.She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_ in making the earth a better place to live.(NMET 2003 上海 春)A.to have played B.to play C.to be played D.to be playing,9.Mary is always the first student to answer the teachers questions in class.A.ris
30、ing B.to rise C.rose D.risen10.Would you be so kind us out?-With pleasure.A.helping B.in helping C.help D.as to help11.Wet umbrellas are not allowed into this hotel according to the rule.A.to be taken B.to take C.taken D.taking 12.Robert is said _ abroad,but I didnt know what country he studied in.A
31、.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying,13.At the shopping-centre,he didnt know what _ and _ with an empty bag.A.to buy;leave B.to be bought;leftC.to buy;left D.was to buy;leave14.She made a candle _us light.A.give B.gave C.to give D.given15.Where should I send my form?T
32、he Personnel Office is the place _.A.for sending it B.to send it toC.to send D.to send it16.Its necessary _ some English grammar.A.for us students to learn B.for we students to learn C.of us students to learn D.for our students learning,17._ kind to the enemy is _ cruel to the people.A.Be;be B.To be
33、;to be C.To be;being D.Being;to be18.No matter how busy he is,he _ at least 15 minutes a day.A.makes a rule read B.makes a rule readingC.makes it a rule read D.makes it a rule to read19.If Mary doesnt come to work on time,she may be fired.Surely she is not so foolish _ it.A.as not to realize B.not a
34、s to realize C.that she didnt realizeD.as not realizing20.I ought to _ him the news,but I forgot to do so.A.remember to tell B.remember telling C.have remembered to tell D.have remembered telling,21.I _ you the exciting news,but you were not at home.A.meant telling B.meant to tell C.meant to having
35、told D.meant to telling22.Tom kept quiet about the accident _ lose his job.A.so not as to B.so as not to C.so as to not D.not so as to23.My friend,David,was not used _ by air,so he felt unwell.A.to travel B.to traveling C.travelin D.travel24.When I went out it happened _.A.to rain B.rain C.to be rai
36、ning D.raining25.I felt it an honour _ to speak here.A.asking B.having asked C.to ask D.to be asked,1.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains_ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.seen,Exercise,B,2.I hurried to the meeting hall,only_ that the m
37、eeting had been put off.A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told,B,3.Do let your mother know all the truth,she appears_ everything.A.to tell B.to be told C.to be telling D.to have been told,D,4.Little Tom should love_ to the theater this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking,A,5.It i
38、s said that plastics can be used to_ many things.Now people are used to_ plastics products.A.make;using B.making;using C.making;use D.make;use,A,6.With a lot of problems_,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settled,C,7.He_ and was made to repeat
39、 it.A.didnt understand B.didnt be understood C.wasnt understand D.wasnt understood,D,8.The pupils here_ all kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks.A.kept busy doing B.keep on doing C.have kept busy doing D.have been kept busy doing,D,9.Visitors_ not to touch the exhibits.A.will request
40、B.request C.are requesting D.are requested,D,10.In some parts of the world,tea _ with milk and sugar.A.is serving B.is served C.serves D.served,B,1.It will take several weeks for your computer to _(repair).2.I knew him _(catch)by the police.3.A vote is required _(take)in our company at once.4.When s
41、ome money went missing from the bank,Thomas was believed _(steal)it.,be repaired,to have been caught,to be taken,to have stolen,练习,7.I hope _(admit)to Zhongshan University.8.The book is said to _(translate)into several languages.9.I feel greatly honored _(welcome)into their society.10.Come on!It is
42、an easy sentence _(translate).11.When I came in,he pretended to _.(read)13.Mrs Smith warned her daughter _(not drive)after drinking.,to translate,to be welcomed,have been translated,to be admitted,be reading,not to drive,14.I dont know whether you happen _(hear),but Im going to study in the U.S.A th
43、is September.15.He seems _（punish)by his teacher yesterday.,to have heard,to have been punished,16.The school ordered all the classroom _(clean).17.My grandmother seems to have a lot _(worry)about.18.I am going to the post office.Do you have any letter _(post)?19.You are lucky enough _(not catch)in
44、the rain.,to be cleaned,to worry,to be posted,not to have been caught,二、翻译练习1.据说这会议已经被取消了.2.这个学生似乎已经对政治失去了兴趣。3.残疾人不喜欢被别人嘲笑。4.没有可以可以浪费的时间了。5.能被邀请进这个英语俱乐部，是一大荣幸.6.她假装没有听懂我说的话.7.我希望被中山大学录取。8.抱歉，我忘记了你的电话号码了。,1.据说这会议已经被取消了 The meeting is said to have been cancelled.2.这个学生似乎已经对政治失去了兴趣。The student seems to
45、 have lost interest in politics.3.残疾人不喜欢被别人嘲笑。The disabled dont like to be laughed at.4.没有可以可以浪费的时间了。There is no time to waste/be wasted5.能被邀请进这个英语俱乐部，是一大荣幸 It is a great honor to be invited to the English Club.,6.她假装没有听懂我说的话。She pretended not to understand what I had said.7.我希望被中山大学录取。I hope/expect
46、 to be admitted into Zhangshan University8.抱歉，我忘记了你的电话号码了。I am sorry to have forgotten your telephone number.,Answer key for Exercise 2 on page 14:,to be designedto be rebuiltto be accompaniedto be known asto be filled withto be tested outto be enviedto be set aside,were listedbe dividedbe organized
47、to be accompaniedwere connectedbe surroundedwas attached,Answer key for Exercise 3 on page 15:,Using structures,Answer key for exercise 1 on page 56:,I did not expect to be interviewed by the general manager.The magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading room(by anybody).She hates to b
48、e laughed at by her classmates.,He doesnt want his writing to be interrupted(by the guests)./He doesnt want to be interrupted while writing.These rules must be obeyed by everybody as they are for the good of the whole school.These are the issues to be discussed tomorrow.It is wrong for him to be mad
49、e to work all night.,Answer key for exercise 2 on page 56:,The dishes need to be washed.The mail needs to be sent right away.The singer refused to be photographed.The house is to be sold.,Answer key for exercise 3 on page 56:,那本关于圣经的书需要在这周末之前还给图书馆。下周末前，这个旧扶手椅将有一个沙发代替。不要着急，你有足够的时间把那个传真发到你的公司。你同妻子离婚的决
50、定必须要得到她的同意。,That book on the Holy Bible needs to be returned to the library by/before the end of the week.,That old armchair is to be replaced by a sofa next week.,Dont worry-you still have plenty of time for that fax to be sent to your company.,You decision to divorce your wife has to be made with
