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1、1,An Introduction to College English Course,大学英语导学 夏纪梅（教授）中山大学外语教学中心,2,主题:高等教育人才的外语能力培养现代大学英语的学习目标与方法,热身问题:大学是什么？什么是高等教育？当大学生意味着什么？,06级管理/软件三级起点班课程结束,3,主要内容,大学生的学习角色和学习方法 英语的全面定义和教学主要内容 外语能力的层次和课堂教学效益的延伸 外语教学的重心和目标从传统到现代的转移 大学英语教学国家验收考试 CET 任务型合作式教学法推介以奥林匹克精神上大学，在人才赛场上追求更快、更高、更强的目标！,4,rich and colou
2、rful,vs,dull and boring,Campus Life:Which do you prefer?,5,What are they doing?,6,What can we do?,Why is he doing so?,7,Would you like to take part in the extra-curriculum activities?,8,What does that mean?,Updated and upgraded,WhyWhathow,Learn moreLearn wellLearn efficientlyLearn effectively,9,我应该怎
3、样读大学？我应该怎样学大学英语？,大学是什么？“大”在哪里？高等教育是什么？“高”在哪里？大学生应当学什么？怎样学？大学英语的课程意义、目标、内容、要求、方法、标准、测试大学英语与中学英语的区别,10,What Is College English?,What does higher education mean?What does university student mean?What is college English?-Objectives-Contents-Methods-Requirements-Assessment(6 whats),11,School-related Pers
4、on-related Questions,What are you going to learn?How are you expected to learn?What level are you expected to reach?How difficult is it at this level?Whats the difference between Middle School English and College English?Etc.,Why do you attend university?For what purposes do you study English?What d
5、o you need in learning English?How much time,energy and effort will you invest onto English study?How can you learn College English well?Etc.,12,What do you think of the saying?,“College is a fountain.”some students come to drink.some students come to sip.some students come to gargle.,Sip:drink slow
6、ly,taking very small mouthfuls 慢慢品尝Gargle:wash your mouth 漱漱口,“Luck and preparation are always together.”“Luck favours those who are prepared.”,13,Teaching&Learning Ways,traditional way,14,Your knowledge about ELT,Traditional approach Modern approachTeacher:Learner:Classroom:Out of class:(in a group
7、 of three,try to work out the points and collect the ideas,then present/share them in class),15,Your Choice/preference,A Traditional approach B modern approachC traditional+modern approachesD modern+traditional approachesWhy?,16,Traditional ModernTeacher-centred vs learner-centredInstruction/text-ba
8、sed vs task-basedLanguage knowledge focused vs skill focusedPaper test vs performance testMark-minded vs ability developedIndividual learning vs cooperative learning Spoon-feeding by teacher vs autonomous learning“Classroomese”exercises vs real-world like practice“Book worm”vs human resources/talent
9、s,The features of the ELT in Summary,17,What is College?Modern Higher Educational Missions,Learn to know knowledge Learn to do skill/ability Learn to live together attitude/strategies Learn to be quality,18,Knowledge:linguistic,cultural(Chinese and Western,English-speaking countries,cross-cultural c
10、ommunication),common knowledge on science and arts,etc.,Skills/methods,capabilities:learn to learn.learn to do things(writing,presenting,debating,questioning,arguing,organizing,dealing with problems,coping relationships,handling matters,etc.to develop your capabilities,personal and interpersonal,aca
11、demic and social,Attitude:team spirit,learn cooperatively,complete tasks/projects,Quality:Well-educated and cultivated human being,qualified human resources,talents,holistic developed with expertise,19,What are the university students?Higher-educated human resources Highly-qualified Human being:inte
12、llectual being,thinking being,emotional being,intelligent being,creative being,productive being,social being,cultural being,global being,valuable being Students who want to,have to,are able to use the international language effectively for future international communication in the work place or acad
13、emic field,20,What is English?,21,English as a Language,Common/popular language,International language,Native language,First language,Second language,Mother tongue,Foreign language,Official language,Computer language,Widely-used language,Influential language,Cosmopolitan language,Universal/global la
14、nguage,Business language,Scientific language,But what is language?Code system,linguistic rules tool,communicative abilities,22,English as a Tool,communication,Bridging gaps,internet,E-mail,Learning/studying,How to make the tool usable/workable?,It is a matter of“use”instead of“usage”!,23,English as
15、Skills,Listening skill,Speaking skill,Reading skill,Writing skill,Translating skill,Serving skill,How to learn/command/develop skills?,It is a matter of“can”instead of“know”!,24,English as Means,Convey thoughts,Express feeling,Find good jobs,Study abroad,Survive in the“global village”,Compete with r
16、ivals,Pay attention to the functions and performance!,25,English as Culture&Cultures,literature,history,religion,beliefs,attitudes,values,concepts,courtesy,manners,customs,International communication is cross-cultural communication!,The target language culture and the speakers cultural background!,2
17、6,English as Behavior,education,cultivation,image,manners,profit,Proper behavior,spoken or written,can help winning the business.,Inappropriate behavior can result in losing the business.,27,Varieties of English,Standard/RP(received pronunciation)/BBC/Oxford/Royal English,Scottish,American,Australia
18、n English,formal,slang,written,Four-letter word,taboo,jargon,Colonial,Indian,Malaysia English,informal,spoken,euphemism,Japanese English,China English,Dont just learn textbook English,classroom English and Chinese English!,28,English Learning Purposes,EGP:English for General Purposes,ESP:English for
19、 Specific/Special Purposes,EEP:English for Educational purposes,EAP:English for Academic Purposes,EBP:English for Business Purposes,EOP:English for Occupational Purposes,EST:English for Science and Technology,EMP:English for Medical Purposes,EP:Dont learn English just for examination purposes!,29,Wh
20、at is College English?College English Syllabus(2007 updated edition),Objectives:To develop yourselves as modern human resources with cross-cultural communication knowledge and capabilities that the global world needs To receive higher education through language learning To operationally command Engl
21、ish as a tool for international communication,30,语言知识,语言应用,语言策略,linguistic,Socio-linguistic,strategic,Language Communicative Competence Levels,primary,secondary,tertiary,PreliminaryIntermediateadvanced,31,MAJOR AREAS OFENGLISH LESSONS,linguistic&cultural knowledge,language skills,learning methods,so
22、cial strategies&working abilities,knowledge,skill,ability,method,32,linguistic&cultural knowledge,pronunciation,grammar,stylistics,word building,culture,know,33,language skills,listening,speaking,reading,writing,translating,can,34,learning methods,find information,use dictionary,Processknowledge,ded
23、uction,induction,deal with gaps,learn by using/doing,can,35,social strategies&working abilities,negotiating,persuading,arguing,defending,cooperating,dealing with relationship,solving problems,can,36,personal capabilities:be ready to accept responsibility for their own lifelong development,set realiz
24、able personal goals and career plans,possess the learning and communication skillsinterpersonal capabilities:share ideas,opinions and experiences with others,work in a team,use oral and written methods to communicate effectively in the work placevocational capabilities:deal with relationship,handle
25、matters,solve problems,fulfil tasks,respond to challenges,etc.,人才职场能力发展,37,Information technology capabilities:make confident use of computer-based systems for handling textual,graphical and numerical information appropriate to the nature of the work they are likely to pursueInnovative and problem s
26、olving capabilities:apply their transferable skills to the execution of individual and group projects,demonstrate creativity,flexibility,perception,decisiveness,confidence and an awareness of values(Coventry University 1997:capabilities to be developed for talents),人才职场能力发展,38,CLASSROOM LESSONS,gram
27、mar,SOCIETY LESSONS,situations,functions,topics,needs,LESSONS OF PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT,communicative,creative,initiative,productive,capable,competent,up-graded,up-dated,cooperative,responsible,integrited,cultivated,efficient,independent,conscientious,Expanding the Classroom/Getting Away from“Classroo
28、mese”,skills,vocabulary,culture,transferable,flexible,smart,39,intake,input,output,notice,A Complete Language Learning Process,Outside-forced inputSelf-driven inputPurposeful inputMotivated/effective input,Lack,need,want,must,40,College EnglishSTUDENT,CommunicatorParticipant“fisherman”“athlete”“prac
29、titioner”“human resources”,Audience“receptacle”OnlookerFish buyer“scholar”,Active learning,Passive learning,学生角色,Teacher-centredSpoon-feeding,Student-centredAutonomous learning,41,Changes of ELT,Analyze grammar,Input-amount,Teaching-based,Knowledge-based,know,Text-based,Product-oriented,Teaching ass
30、ignments,deduction,Score-minded,induction,Ability-targeted,Learning assignments,Process-oriented,Task-based,Learn“usage”,Learn to communicate,Learn to l,s,r,w,can,Skill-based,Output-amount,Learning-based,Use grammar,Learn“use”,Communicate to learn,L,s,r,w to learn,Traditional approach,Modern approac
31、h,42,Assessment of College English Placement tests(at the beginning)Achievement tests(at the end of a term)Proficiency tests(CET-4,CET-6)ESP certificate tests(BEC,PET,etc.)International entrance exams(IELTS,TOEFL,GRE,etc.)Job recruitment tests/interviews by international enterprises(P&G,Motorola,etc
32、.),43,Communicative Methodology,learner-centredUse,not just usageOracyInteractionFluency as well as accuracy,Authenticity Discourse Exchange of information Skills integration learning by doing,44,What Is TBEL?Task-based English Learning Approach,Principles:learn by doing,by finishing real-world task
33、s,by working cooperatively in a team,by demonstrating knowledge,skills,creativity and productivity Criteria:Preparation 30%,Participation 30%,Performance 30%,Reflection 10%End Products:Theme-based,Multi-media,ppt course ware,team work20-30 presentation and interaction,45,Tell me and I forget.Teach m
34、e and I remember.Involve me and I learn.-Benjamin Franklin from New Directions(Peter S.Gardner)1998 CUP,What is learning?,Learners are an important resource for their own collective learning,and this resource can be accessed through collaboration,cooperation and experiential learning.from Designing
35、Tasks for Communicative Classroom(David Nunan)CUP 1989,46,forcedstimulatedmotivatedactivated,output,notice,lackedwantedneededmustencouraged,input,PurposefulAuthenticReadingListeningMulti-sourced,College English Learning Model,47,The Process of a task-based team work:Form a team,choose a topic Trade
36、ideas,divide jobs Search,select and sequence the information Design the initial courseware and class activities Make appointment with Prof./TA Revise the product Present the end-product/organize activities Receive comment and evaluation Earn credits and make reflections,48,“Task”means all kinds of t
37、hings in the work place or in the real world that people have to do/deal with/handle/sort out with a language and its related abilities such as planning,organizing,thinking,negotiation,persuasion,explanation,argumentation,defense,evaluation,comment,comparison,decision making,solving problems,etc.,49
38、,Interactive English,Fulfilling Tasks needs:,involvement,engagement,team-work spirit,negotiation,Solving problems,dealing with relationship,real-world/work-place practice,courage,cooperation,Skills,capabilities,strategies,creativity,originality,50,TBL Observation sheetBy both the teacher and the stu
39、dents,51,Concurrent Notingobservation sheet,52,Criteria,3 Cs:contents,coherence,creativity-clear in content-coherent in organization-creative in designing3 Ps:preparation,presentation,power point slides3 tions:presentation,demonstration,interaction,53,Presentation:-contents:theme-based,text-related,
40、content-extended，authors points of view,teams interpretation,class opinions,perspective,supportive-speech:well-prepared,fluent,clear,talk instead of reading aloud,opening and concluding remarks Demonstration:-clear thought clue,well-arranged points,professional structure composed of front page,conte
41、nt/outline page,acknowledgement and references,end page-creativity:ppt design,multi-media,variety of sources,activities,materials(e.g.internet download,media,TV,radio,movie,self-DV,VCD,newspaper,magazine,catalogue,photo,picture,ads,scanning documents,etc.)activities(games,interview,role play,debate,
42、contest,discussion,guess,etc.)Interaction:between team members,between classmates,54,Effects:stimulating,motivating,activating,involving,interesting,language learning,communication practice,real-world like experience Structure:three-step presentation:Introductionbody-conclusion six-part ppt pages:1）
43、Front page:title,theme,presenters,background picture,2)Outline page:components3)Content pages:sources and means of materials4)Acknowledgement page5)References page6)End page Timing:20 minutes at least.,55,Varieties for Designing:1)questions(warming-up,leading-in,open-ended,connected,further down,bac
44、k-up,developed,student-involving,common-sensed,etc.)2)games/activities(interesting,interactive,dynamic)3)interview(DV,on-site,in-class,out of class)4)role play(prepared,live)5)comparison between China and West6)debate(for and against,pro and con,left vs right,different voices,PK),56,Teachers Comment
45、s,Recall:what the team did by replaying the pptReview:the criteriaRespond:comments about the good points first,then where and how to improveReflect:lack,need,want,mustGrading:excellent,very good,good,fair,poor,failedScores rates:50%of the term total,57,Teachers Observation and Comments(samples by XJ
46、M)Scanning materials:1)excellent team work 2)excellent but need improved 3)fair work 4)weak/poor work XJMs authentic notebooks,58,Formative assessmentProcess-oriented development,59,Students Reflection and Feedback3 W:Why,What,HowR:Review,Recall,ReflectForms:Questionnaire,“can do statements”self eva
47、luation checklist,wordFormer students feedback,comments,notes(05,06,07),60,Review,Recall,Reflect,The objectives of the course you understand The contents you go overThe methods you apply,What you didWhat you learntWhat you developed,Attitude,Action,Achievements,Encouragement,Enlightenment,Enjoyment,
48、Problem/difficulty/frustration/pity/regret,feedback sheetthree Rs:,61,Examples of Former Students TBEL Products(03-07),SFLEP Book ThreeSFLEP Book FourGender studiesCross-cultural communicationBusiness EnglishLiberal EnglishSamples for Analysis:Excellent,fair,poor,62,Results,Traditional learning:,Tas
49、k-based learning:,63,语言是工具:交流、工作、经商、挣钱、谋职、求学、发展“工欲善其事，必先利其器”。“磨刀不误砍柴工”。语言的功效：21世纪是信息时代，信息靠语言传递。21世纪是经济全球化时代，全球化行为需要全球化语言沟通。（世界500强企业例）21世纪是人才竞争的时代，国际人才的必要条件之一是掌握英语。21世纪是跨文化交际时代，跨文化交际需要跨国用语/世界普通话。（刘翔在国际赛事上差点吃语言亏例）有人说，WTO是“狼”，那么，“与狼共舞”也要懂得“狼”的语言，要知道“狼”想干什么，要骂人也要让对方听得懂。,64,Revision of the Major Points
50、1What level is higher education at?2What are the higher education missions?3What are university students expected to be?4What kind of language is English?5What are the functions of English?6What are the basic varieties of English language?7Whats the difference between middle school English learning
