大学英语语法陈述句.ppt

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1、陈述句（statement）(declarative sentence),陈述句的交际功能主要是说明事实，肯定什么或者否定什么。这种句子主要分为：,（1）肯定陈述句,（2）否定陈述句,肯定陈述句,welcome to use these PowerPoint templates,New Content design,10 years experience,陈述句在肯定事实时采用不同程度的肯定口气。人们在肯定某项事实时往往采用一些委婉的词语，使说话人的态度更有礼貌。这些词语常见的有：Im afraid,if Im not mistaken,I think,I suppose,I guess,if

2、 I might say so,if you please,if you dont mind等。例如：Teaching 16 hours a week,Im afraid,its too much for me.We have met before,if Im not mistaken.,肯定陈述句,welcome to use these PowerPoint templates,New Content design,10 years experience,有时为了交际的需要，必须加强肯定的语气。强调的手段主要有：增加强调词，常用强调词有：indeed,really,definitely,c

3、ertainly,for sure,without any question,without doubt,undoubtedly,surely,virtually,actually等。Many people will certainly lose their jobs.I really need you help.2.增添强调附加结构。That was a trap,that was.You have got mad,you have.3.采用双重否定，比较含蓄地加强肯定。That kind of result is not impossible(=quite possible)She wen

4、t to that place not infrequently(=quite frequently),肯定陈述句,welcome to use these PowerPoint templates,New Content design,10 years experience,4.使用“修辞疑问句”来起强调作用。修辞疑问句是一种形式上为疑问句而实际上为陈述句的强调句型。它的否定形式相当于受强调的肯定陈述句。例如：Isnt it lovely weather today?=The weather is very lovely indeed.Who doesnt know that?=Everyb

5、ody knows that.反之，修辞疑问句的肯定形式相当于受强调的否定陈述句。例如：Who cares where you slept?=Nobody cares where you slept.Can anyone doubt the truth of his statement？=Surely no one will doubt it.,肯定陈述句,welcome to use these PowerPoint templates,New Content design,10 years experience,5.除了上述几种强调手段以外，在口语中人们还可以重读操作词的方法来加强肯定的口

6、气。例如：Im telling you the truth you must believe me.You need not lie to me,you did go to that place and many people saw you there.,否定陈述句,否定陈述句主要用来表示否定意向或提出对比，分为带否定词not的否定句和带其他否定词的否定句。,否定陈述句通常带否定词not，置于操作词之后和主动词之前。例如：This material does not conduct electricity.I have not yet finished my essay.“操作词+not”的

7、缩略形式有两种：一种是“主语+操作词的 缩略形式+not”例如：Were not hungry.Hed not do it.另一种是“操作词+not的缩略形式nt”.例如：We arent hungry.He wouldnt do it.,在上述例子中，not是用来否定谓语动词，从而构成否定句。但是not也可以用来否定句子中的其他词语，仅表示局部否定，而不构成否定句。例如：He said it not to you but to me.(否定介词词组)You are wrong in not making a protest.(否定-ing分词结构)He visited her not lon

8、g ago.(否定副词词组)He wrote a not very successful book.(否定形容词词组)这些例子都不能算是否定陈述句，而仍为肯定句。但是若局部否定出现在句首，又是也会构成否定句。例如：Not very often did she go there to see him.=She did not go there to see him very often.除not以外还可以使用其他否定词构成否定句。例如：No honest man would lie.He is no longer there.I never smoke.I did nothing to be a

9、shamed of.It will get you nowhere.(那会使你徒劳无功),强调否定,1.将否定成分移至句首构成倒装。例如：On no account are visitors allowed to feed the animals.Not a moment should I waste.Never have I smoked a cigarette.,2.用“not one/not a(single)+单数可数名词”来加强 否定。例如：Not one door was left unlocked.Not a word came from his lips.Not a singl

10、e sound was heard.,3.重复否定词never或者用never in(all)my life等结构来实现强调否定。I shall never,never go there again.Ive never in my life heard of such a thing.,强调否定,为了强调还可在never 之后加助动词do的一定形式。I never did like her,you know.The letter we were expecting never did arrive.,4.用某些固定搭配来加强否定。I didnt sleep a wink all night.H

11、e wont left a finger to help us.We didnt see a soul there.,5.当然还可以使用某些加强否定意义的特殊结构。例如：You wont catch me doing that again.(我绝不会再干那种事)Ill be hanged if Ill do any such thing.(我绝不会干这种事),1.I was very glad to hear the news.2.He smokes like a chimney.3.He will give you a lot of help.4.I have never seen a qu

12、eer man like him.5.No one was seen in the house.,He smokes like a chimney,he does.,He will certainly give you a lot of help.,Never have I seen a queer man like him.,Not a single soul was seen in the house.,EXERCISE1:强化陈述句,I was indeed very glad to hear the news,EXERCISE2:将肯定陈述句变为否定陈述句,1.Some of us h

13、ave finished it already.,2.I told somebody something.,3.I can understand both of these two questions.,4.There is someone doing research in this field.,5.I have quite a lot to do in the morning.,Some of us have not finished it yet.,I didnt tell anybody anything.,I cannot understand either of these two questions,There isnt anybody doing research in this field.,I never have much to do in the morning.,Thank you,