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1、*,数字时代的信息服务Digital libraries and Information Services,Foster ZhangSystems IntegrationDigital Library Systems and Services,*,Agenda 讨论要点,Digitize library collection 馆藏数字化Library new role and tasks 随之变化的图书馆作用和任务,*,Digitize library collection 馆藏数字化,Stanford Library Digitization Project斯坦福大学图书馆数字扫描项目Goo
2、gle Books Search ProjectGoogle图书全文检索项目,*,Google图书全文检索项目,斯坦福大学图书馆的参与和对策根据M.A.Keller馆长五月四日向校学术委员会的报告整理,*,你会如何对待Google的提议？,无损伤的扫描和数字化全馆的馆藏提供图书馆数字化后的版本，可用于保存和其他使用目的为图书馆和全球提供上百万册图书的全文索引,*,相关的背景信息,卡片目录联机后，馆藏图书流通量提高了大约50%校园读者普遍接受了字段检索（Subtle search，）引文连接（citation linking,）以及电子期刊文献的知识分类（taxonomic indexing o
3、f HighWire articles）等检索方法 读者对电子资源和电子信息服务的要求持续增长,*,斯坦福大学参与Google图书扫描的进展情况,扫描和数字化了近 200,000 册图书发现超过 4,000 册需要修理的图书(&so not digitized)一个关于版权的大争论开始了孤本书（Orphan works）怎样才可以检索以保存为目的的数字版资料？捍卫合理使用的解释(ad astra per aspera=to the stars through difficulties),*,校方对版权问题的关注和共识,校长周围的“防火墙”，教务长是CEO校董事会成立专门委员会(Burt McM
4、urtry&Walter Hewlett)学校的法律部门和聘请的校外法律顾问持续关注事态的进展图书馆技术服务部控制送出的图书扫描的图书重点放在1923年以前的出版物及政府出版物Testing status for 1923-1963 imprints(Hewlett Foundation grant),*,Google 图书扫描包括不同版权的著作,不受版权限制的著作受版权保护的著作出版社参与Google图书扫描项目的著作,*,斯坦福大学参与Google项目的原则,在法律允许的范围内，扫描全部馆藏，约9百万册藏书目前在扫描没有版权问题的图书(gov docs,pre-1923,selective
5、 1923-1964)合作的图书馆（扫描内容范围）密齐根大学(similar to Stanford)哈佛大学(public domain(?),maybe 1 M)纽约公共图书馆(public domain,unusual collections)牛津大学 Bodleian(earlier than 1885,1 M titles),*,斯坦福/Google图书扫描操作流程,每天选择图书下架并更新流通记录图书送往Google总部图书扫描退还的周期是7天读者要求的图书24小时内退回图书损伤:很少的散装政府出版物几页撕坏几千本书需要修理保护,*,扫描馆藏的目的,数字保存斯坦福数字仓储中的虚拟书架
6、（Virtual Bookshelves），数字仓储系统正在建设中只供斯坦福大学读者使用提供检索和研究的功能字段检索（Subtle searching）知识分类和联想检索（Taxonomic&Associative Searching）引文连接和“信息工具”（Citation linking&“InfoTools”）定题追踪和建议服务（Alerts&recommendations）改进浏览导航（Better navigation,e.g.Grokker）为新的研究提供各种来源的数字化图书,*,提供扫描图书库的检索功能,针对全文数字图书馆藏，很多计划要增加的检索方式来源于斯坦福大学或其它正在使用
7、的项目。下面举一些例子：,*,字段检索,检索指定的字段，如从书名，著者，注释，或出处查找字词,Enter separate search terms in the author and title fields,you will get much more precise search results than you would entering both the author name and the title keywords Into a single search box.,*,知识分类检索（Taxonomic Searching）,使用来自概念结构或知识分类结构的概念词或检索词进
8、行检索。Search on indexing terms and concepts that are part of a structured taxonomy,or hierarchical structure of concepts.When searching by concept,you do not need to use the exact word used in the work to get a match,and you can search across languages.,*,联想检索（Associative Search）,Associated search exa
9、mines keywords in a text for their proximity to other terms,and compares those vectors across texts by looking at the level of word overlap.It works best with large amounts of text,rather than a few keywords.,*,引文连接（Citation Linking）,Hyperlinking of explicit citations in footnotes,endnotes,or biblio
10、graphies to the digital versions of the cited references,Researchers can quickly developa list of articles of interest.,*,信息工具（Info Tools）,Select a word from the text you are reading,and get a definition,map,or translation of the term.,*,定题追踪（Alerts）,Receive notification when materials of interest t
11、o you are acquired,*,建议/推荐（Recommendations）,Receive recommendations for additional reading materials,based on your current selections.Stanford wants to integrate recommendations into the catalog,and also into CourseWork.,*,导航工具（Navigation Tools）,A graphic display and categorization allows a user to
12、maneuver more quickly through these results.,*,对传统图书馆服务的影响,读者需要的资料也许不在图书馆里系统要支持远地存储的服务图书馆变信息交流地？（Information commons）,*,斯坦福大学图书馆远地存储设施,*,图书馆的新任务：数字信息保存,Library will carry the leading role of institution digital repositoryPreserve public and local created digital contentsActive participate in nationa
13、l and regional digital archiving projects,*,*,*,*,向数图迈进,Digital librariesThe majority participants are from non-LIS fields.Institutional repositories Involvement can be seen at all levels Amazon/GoogleThe whole chain of production of what LIS professionals do.The Semantic Webspecifications,guideline
14、s,software,and tools related to knowledge representation and organization,The“information commons”From Integrated Library Systems to Integrated Information ServicesLibraryCity:end-user interactionScholarly publishing,preservation,and persistence businessLOCKSSHighWire PressCollaboration and Learning EnvironmentSakai Project,*,小结：变化中的图书馆的作用和服务,从编制书目到知识导航提供馆藏到提供满足读者信息需求的工具收集书刊到保存知识和发展数字文献内容（Knowledge preservation and content creation）变单馆运作为知识源提供机构的成员,*,谢谢各位！,*,
