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1、测井资料与应用(3),Geoscience Center,BeijingMay,2009,2.5 声波测井(Acoustic Log),2.5.1 测量原理,*声波发生器激发声波*声波沿井壁滑行传播*两个接收探头记录声波全波列信号*测量声波传播经过两个接收探头所用的时间 t,Full wave form,Conventional acoustic log record P(compressional),S(shear)and stoneley wave form,compressional,常规声波测井一般提供声波时差t,GR,t,不同的地层具有不同的声波速度和时差t,2.5.3 声波孔隙度,
2、通常地层岩石骨架的声速都 远大于孔隙中流体的声速 高孔隙地层饱含更多的流体,其声速将较低*记录的总 t=骨架 t+孔隙流体 t*声波速度(或t)与孔隙度紧密相关,sound,2.5.4 应用,计算孔隙度 估算地层破裂压力地层出砂分析 计算渗透率 纵合密度测井资料制作合成地震剖面,Wyllie 平均时间公式(WTA)最常用的孔隙度公式:s=式中,tma 纯地层骨架的声波时差;tf 孔隙流体的声波时差;Cp 压实校正系数.,Cp(tf tma),(tc tma),压实校正,固结不好(欠压实)的砂岩 t较高,用其计算的孔隙度偏高(28-50%),通常需进行压实校正压实校正公式:致密地层 Cp=1 固
3、结不好(欠压实)地层 压实系数 Cp 0.8 1.3,压实校正图版 范例砂岩 t=110 s/ft不校正:=40%选择 Cp=1.5:27%,泥质影响校正,固结好(压实)纱岩:固结差(非压实)纱岩:简单公式:,油,气影响校正 油,气的 t大于水-油/气层处理出的 AC 偏大 油,气影响校正 系数:气层 t=0.7 AC 油层 t=0.9 AC,GR,Clean sand,clean sand:tlog 125 s/ft tm 55.5 s/ft tf 189 s/ft Cp=1.2 Vsh 0.1(10%)(125-55.5)/(189-55.50)/1.2 Vsh 69.5/133.5/1.
4、2 0.1 0.33(%)Use cross plot:0.3%,calculation Using acoustic data along,t,研究岩石的物理特性,*可用 AC 资料计算出许多岩石的弹性摸量参数*着些弹性摸量参数可用来评价储层压裂,出砂等问题,Borehole Breakout,Good Borehole,井壁稳定性分析,地层出砂分析,Sanding PotentialPrediction,用斯通利波计算渗透率,*Permeability is a important parameter for reservoir evaluation*Permeability is dif
5、ficult to calculated accurately*Stoneley wave can be used to calculate permeability more accurately,合成地震剖面,2.6 电阻率测井,A,M,N,0,测量间距,电源,电压表,B,测井仪器,电场,电阻率测井示意图,不同地层的电阻率,松软地层(泥质砂岩)0.5ohmm-50ohmm.致密地层(碳酸岩)10ohmm to 1000ohmm.喷发岩(硬石膏)可高达几千到上万ohmm,Presentation,Linear scale logarithmic scale,Sand scale:0.02-2
6、00,Limestone scale:2-2000,2.6.3 Dual Lateral Resistivity Tool,Investigate depth-deep log RD 80 in-shallow log RS 60 in Used to calculate true formation Rt&SW,2.6.4 Induction Tool Schematic,Conductivity logInvestigate depth-deep log RD 60 in-shallow log RS 40 in Used to calculate true formation Rt&SW
7、,*8 Rt curves with different investigation depth(10 120 in)*The logging curves separate in the permeable zone.*The invasion profile shows us the flushed zone,transitionzone and virgin zone.,HDIL(high resolution digital induction log),Use focused current*Very shallow investigation(2-12 in)*Measure Rt
8、 of flushed zone(RXO)*Used for evaluation of invaded affection,2.6.5 聚焦及微电阻率测井,2.6.6 环境影响,Invaded zone,None invaded zone,泥浆侵入对地层的污染,在泥浆侵入条件下的测井响应,主要的环境影响 井眼垮塌 电阻率差异大的围岩 泥浆侵入.,The affection of bed thickness,Log pg7-4,fig 7-5,Lower Rt of surrounding bed,High Rt of surrounding bed,Bed thickness Correct
9、ion(Induction log)Bed thickness 6 ftNo correctionThinner beds need more correctionDifferent Rs need different correction,Chart for borehole correction to dual lateralExamplegive:Rm=1mRD=10 mborehole=11inRLLDcorr 10 1.4 14(m),Water zone Salty mud(Rm Rxo Rm Fresh water mud(Rm Rw,high Rt invaded):Ra Rx
10、o Rm Fresh water mud(Rm Rw,high Rt invaded):Ra Rxo Rm Ra apparent log resistivity Rxo flushed zone resistivity Rm mud resistivity,Invasion affection,Low resistivity invaded,High resistivity invaded,High resistivity invasion,Rw=0.04m/29C Rmf=1.16m/28.5C Rt(shallower)Rt(deeper).,Low resistivity invasion,Rw=1.14m/30C Rmf=0.16m/27.8C Rt(shallower)Rt(deeper).,2.6.7 应用,主要用途是计算含水饱和度,识别油,气水层 油/气的电阻率高于水致密岩石(钙,硬石膏,白云岩等)电阻率也很高,Rt 不能单独用来识别油,气,水层,Oilwater,gasoil oil,Sw,Sw,Hard rock with higher Rt value,Hard rock,CN,Thank You!,
