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1、宾语 从句,一、概 述 在句子中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句一般由下面一些词引导。1.that引导2.whether/if引导3.连接代词who whom whose what which4.连接副词when why where how。,1that属于从属连接词，在宾语从句中没有实际意义，只是起引导从语的作用。,1）作动词的宾语从句We all know(that)success calls for hard work.我们都知道成功需要付出艰辛的劳动。We knew(that)he had made a mistake.我们知道他犯了一个错误。2）在某些be+形容词的结构后面也可
2、以跟that引导的宾语从句。如sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,sorry等。I am sure that I have posted the letter.我的确把那封信寄了。I am afraid that you are right.恐怕你是对的。,【要点拓展】一般说来引导宾语从句的that可以省略。如果有多个that引导的宾语从句，第一个that可以省略，其他一般不省略。I know(that)you are right.我知道你是对的。The doctor told me(that)I should take more
3、water and that things would get better very soon医生告诉我要多喝水，情况很快就会好转。,2whether/if在做“是否”解时引导宾语从句，常放在动词know，ask，care，wonder，find out等之后。在口语中常用if。whether/if在宾语从句中不作任何成分，但含有“是否”的含义，在句子中不可省略。I dont know whether/if this bike is hers.我不知道这辆自行车是否是她的。Can you tell me whether/if your father joined the Party in 1
4、990?你能告诉我你父亲是不是1990年入党的？,【要点拓展】,whether/if在表示“是否”，引导宾语从句时常可通用。但一下情况只可以用whether。介词后的宾语从句用whether引导。We are talk about whether we can get the chance.我们再讨论我们是否可以得到这个机会。whether引导宾语从句可以与or not连用He doesnt know whether they will plant trees on Saturday or not.他不知道他们周六是否会去植树。Whether引导的宾语从句可以置于句首。Whether they
5、 will join in the picnic I dont care.他们是否参加野餐，我不在乎。在不定式前只用whether。Im just wondering whether to stay for another hour.我不知道是否要再等一个小时。,3由连接代词引导的宾语从句 who whom whose what whichDo you know whose child he is?你知道他是谁的孩子吗？Do you remember what you should do next?你记得你接下来应该做什么吗？I want to know which medicine he h
6、as taken.我要知道他服了哪种药。Please tell me who called me just now.请告诉我刚才谁打电话给我。I dont know whom they are speaking to.我不知道他的在跟谁讲话。,【要点拓展】,连接代词一般指疑问，但what除了指疑问之外，也可指陈述。I dont believe what you said.我不相信你所说的话。,4、由连接副词引导的宾语从句when why where how,He asked me where they were born.他问我他们出生在哪里。He asks how we can help p
7、rotect the environment.他问我们怎样才能为保护环境出点力。I cant find out why the machine doesnt work well.我不能找出这台机器为什么动转不灵。Did you ask the teacher when we would have a test?你问老师我们什么时候进行测验了吗？,【要点拓展】,连接副词引导的宾语从句一般表示疑问，但有时也表示陈述。连接副词在从句中做状语。I remember when I lived with my grandparents in the country.（when在从句中作时间状语，不表示疑问
8、。）我记得我和爷爷奶奶在乡村住过的日子。,【注意】,1、由连接代词、连接副词引导的宾语从句可以向“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。I dont know how I should do with the gifts.=I dont know how to do with the gifts.我不知道怎么处理礼物。,1.宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中需要运用陈述句语序。He asked me where they were born.他问我他们出生在哪里。Do you remember what you should do next?你记得你接下来应该做什么吗？,宾语从句高频考点,2时态的呼应宾语从句中的
9、谓语动词的时态常受到主句中谓语动词时态的影响。因此，要注意保持主句和从句间时态的一致。,例如：He says that Lily is(will be/was)a doctor.他说莉莉是（将要成为/过去是）医生。Ill tell you what I am doing(did/shall do).我将要告诉你我正在做（过去做/将要做）什么。,（1）当主句是现在的某种时态，从句可用所需要的任何时态。,（2）如果主句是过去的某种时态，宾语从句的时态就比较复杂。,1）从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动作同时发生。例如：I thought he was old.我认为他老了。He want
10、ed to know who she was waiting for.他想知道她在等谁。2）从句的谓语动词表示在主句动作之前完成的动作，则用过去完成时。He said that he had finished reading the book.他说他看完了这本书。,3）从句谓语动词表示在主句动作之后发生的动作，则用过去将来时。She said that she was going to buy a new bike next week.她说她下个星期要去买一辆新自行车。I wasnt sure if it would rain.我没有把握确定天是否会下雨。,4）从句表示普通真理时，其谓语动词用
11、一般现在时。例如：The teacher told us the moon travels round the earth.老师告诉我们，月亮绕地球转。,3.从句中的否定转移主句谓语动词是think,believe,expect,guess等，表示“认为，相信，期望，猜想“等意思，主句的主语是第一人称，且时态为一般现在时时，从句的否定一般要转移到主句上。其反意疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。I dont believe she will take part in the English evening.我相信她不会参加英语晚会。I dont think its your fault.我认为这不是你的
12、错。改为反意疑问句 I dont think its your fault,is it?,4 混合宾语从句当宾语从句的引导词是who，which，what，when，where，how，why等时，不按正常语序安排，讲这类引导词置于句首。这时主句中的谓语动词常是think,believe,expect,guessWho do you think Tom will invite to the party?你认为汤姆会邀请谁来参加聚会?,宾语从句应掌握的要点,1在四种类型的宾语从句中必须用陈述句的语序，即主语+谓语动词+其它成分，句末用句号；但主句为疑问句时，句末用问号。2在带有宾语从句的复合句中
13、，要注意主句和从句的时态的呼应。当主句的谓语动词是现在时态时，从句的谓语动词可用任何需要的时态。当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时，从句的谓语动词只能用过去时态范围内的某一种形式。从句表示普遍真理时，即使主句的谓语动词是过去时，从句的谓语动词也须用一般现在时。3.在think,believe等动词引起的宾语从句中，如果否定的是后面的从句，一般要将主句动词改为否定形式，而从句仍然用肯定式。,1.What did Mike say?He said _.A.if you are free the next week B.what colour was itC.the weather is fine D.s
14、ummer comes after spring2.Let me tell you _.A.how much is the car B.how much does the car costC.how much did I pay for the car D.how much I spent on the car3.Peter knew _.A.whether he has finished reading the book B.why the boy had so many questionsC.there were 12 months in a year D.when they will l
15、eave for Paris,4.Could you tell me _?A.where do you live B.who you are waiting for C.who were you waiting for D.where you live in5.She told me the sun _ in the east.A.rise B.rose C.rises D.had risen6.I dont know _ up so early last Sunday.A.why did he get C.why does he get B.why he gets D.why he got,
16、7.The manager came up to see _.A.what was the matter B.what the matter wasC.what the matter is D.whats the matter8.He asked his father _.where it happens B.where did it happen C.how it happened D.how did it happen9.No one tells us_,so we need your help.how we should do B.what should we doC.how to do
17、 it D.what to do it,10.Could you please teach me _ the computer.A.how check C.how to checkB.to check D.to how checking11.Where do you think _ he _ the TV set?Sorry,Ive no idea.A./,bought B.has,bought C.did,buy D.did bought,宾语从句专项训练,Prepaid by Jennifer Hu,1(2013盐城)Excuse me.Could you tell me_？It will
18、 leave at 4：00 pm.Ahow will you go to ShanghaiBhow you will go to ShanghaiCwhen will the bus leave for ShanghaiDwhen the bus will leave for Shanghai,【解析】本题考查宾语从句。由答语“它将在下午4点离开。”知上句是询问时间，排除A、B两项；又因宾语从句要用陈述语序，故选D。【答案】D,2(2013温州)Jack，could you tell me_？Sure.In the post office on Green Road.Awhere you b
19、ought the stampsBwhere did you buy the stampsCwhen you bought the stampsDwhen did you buy the stamps,【解析】本题考查宾语从句的用法。首先，宾语从句要使用陈述语序，而B、D两项使用了疑问语序，故排除。又根据答语“In the post office on Green Road.”可知上句是询问地点，故选A。【答案】A,3(2013扬州)I cant find Mary.Wheres she?Sorry，I dont know _.Awhere has she been Bwhere she ha
20、s beenCwhere has she gone Dwhere she has gone,【解析】本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要使用陈述语序，故排除A、C两项；由语境知答语为“对不起，我不知道她到哪儿去了”，需用have/has gone to结构。故选D。【答案】D,4(2013广州)I cant remember _I put the book，and I need it for my homework now.Awhere Bhow Cwhat Dwhy,【解析】本题考查宾语从句的引导词。句意是“我现在需要那本书做作业，我不记得把它放在哪里了。”表示地点要用where，故选A。【答案】A
21、,5(2013十堰)Can you tell me_？His home is quite far away from the office，I think.Awhen he got up Bwhere he worksCwhy he bought the car Dhow he likes his job,【解析】本题考查宾语从句。由答语“我认为他的家离办公室相当远。”知上句是询问他买车的原因，故选C。【答案】C,6(2013临沂)The policeman asked the small girl _.Awhy she was crying Bwhy was she cryingCwhy s
22、he is crying Dwhy is she crying,【解析】本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述语序，故排除B、D两项；主句用了一般过去时，宾语从句要用相应的过去时态，故选A。【答案】A,7(2013苏州)Dont wait for people to be friendly，show them _a friendly person you are.Awhat BHow Cwhen Dwhere,【解析】本题考查宾语从句的引导词。由句意“向他们表明你是多么友好的一个人”可知show them后的宾语从句是一个感叹句，空格后是名词短语a friendly person，故用what引导
23、。【答案】A,8(2013河北)Jenny is on holiday now.I wonder _.Awhen she will come backBwhen she came backCwhen will she come backDwhen did she come back,【解析】本题考查宾语从句的时态及语序。由上句“詹妮现在正在度假”可知“回来”的动作还未发生，故宾语从句要用一般将来时，排除B、D两项；宾语从句要用陈述语序，因此C项也错误。【答案】A,9(2013铜仁)Can you tell me _？I lost my MP3 player.Awhats the matter
24、with youBwhat the matter is with youCwhat the matter you isDwhat the matter with you are,【解析】本题考查宾语从句。Whats the matter with.？是固定句型，意为“怎么了？”其本身就是一个陈述语序。其他选项为错误表达。故选A。【答案】A,10(2013河南)I didnt see Laura at the party last night.Do you know _？Awhy didnt she come Bwhat happenedCwhen would she arrive Dwhere
25、 she has been,【解析】本题考查宾语从句的语序。宾语从句中用陈述语序，故排除A、C两项；D项意为“她去过哪里”，不符合题意；B项“发生什么了”符合在晚会上没有看见Laura而发出的疑问。故选B。【答案】B,11(2013吉林)Could you tell me _？By telling them some funny stories.Awhen I can visit the childrenBwhy the children are not happyCwhere the children want to goDhow I can cheer up the sick childr
26、en,【解析】本题考查宾语从句。由答语“通过给他们讲有趣的故事”可知，此处询问方式，故用how引导宾语从句。句意是“你能告诉我怎样才能使这些生病的孩子们高兴起来吗？”“通过给他们讲有趣的故事。”【答案】D,12(2012中考变式题)Your Tshirt is so cool.Could you tell me _？Awhere you buy it Bwhere do you buy it Cwhere you bought it Dwhere did you buy it,【解析】本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句的语序应为陈述语序，可排除B，D。由句意可判断时态应为过去时，故选C。【答案】C,1
27、3(2012中考变式题)Could you tell me _？He is in the library.Awhere Simon was Bwhere is Simon Cwhere was Simon Dwhere Simon is,【解析】考查宾语从句。宾语从句的语序为陈述语序。此处的could为语气的委婉而非过去式，故选D。【答案】D,14(2012中考变式题)Could you tell me _？Of course,last night.Awhen you reached Chengdu Bwhen did you reach Chengdu Chow you came to Ch
28、ina Dhow did you come to China,【解析】本题考查宾语从句。根据答语last night需用引导词when；宾语从句中要用陈述语序，故答案选A。【答案】A,15(2012中考变式题)David,look at the man in white over there.Can you tell me _？He is a doctor.Awho is he Bwho he is Cwhat is he Dwhat he is,【解析】本题考查宾语从句。根据答语知是问职业，故排除A和B；宾语从句用陈述语序，所以答案选D。【答案】D,16(2012中考变式题)Could yo
29、u tell me _ at the meeting?Sorry,I dont know.I didnt go to the meeting that day.Awhat does he say Bwhat he says Cwhat he said Dwhat did he say,【解析】考查宾语从句。宾语从句应该用陈述语序，因此排除A、D；由下句出现的时间状语that day可知会议已经召开过了，故宾语从句应该用一般过去时。选C。【答案】C,17(2014中考预测题)Everyone can play an important role in the society.As members,we should try our best to do _.Awhat we should do Bwhat should we do Chow we should do,【解析】考查what引导的宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序。【答案】A,
