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1、动词时态和语态,一.一般现在时态：1.一般用法:1表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用.时间状语:every,sometimes,at,on Sunday。e.g.He often goes to the cinema.2表示现在的能力、特征、职业等,e.g.He sings well.（能力）3表示客观真理、科学事实、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在的事实,e.g.Knowledge is power.（客观真理）,2.特别用法:1主句是将来时态或表示将来意义,时间状语从句和条件状语从句须用一般现在时表将来,e.g.Ill write to her when I have
2、time,2让步状语从句和方式状语从句用一般现在时表将来,e.g.Whether you help him or not,he will fail.Next time Ill do as he says.3表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作,用一般现在时表将来,e.g.The train leaves at 12:00.,二.一般过去时态（did式）:1.基本用法:1表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态:时间状语有：yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982等 He bought the computer five years
3、ago.2)表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作,e.g.We often played together when we were children.注:表示过去习惯性的动作,可用would,used to,e.g.He used to go to work by bus.,2.特别用法:过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气:1)动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend 等:I wondered if you could help me.能不能帮我一下。2)情态动词 could,would。e.g.Could you lend me your bike?能借用一下你的自行车吗？,三.一
4、般将来时（will/shalldo）:1.will表示没有经过事先考虑,而是在说话的时候才决定做某事,e.g.-You forget to close the door.-Oh,Ill close it at once.will表意愿 Now if you will take off your clothes,we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.,2.be going+不定式，表示将来。主语的意图，即将做某事。e.g.What are you going to do tomorrow?明天打算作什么呢？b.计划，安
5、排要发生的事。e.g.The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。c.有迹象要发生的事。e.g.Look at the dark clouds;there is going to be a storm.看那乌云，快要下雨了。,3.be+不定式表将来，按计划或安排将发生的事;命中注定的事;命令。e.g.We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。4.be about to+不定式，意为马上做某事。e.g.He is about to leave for Beijing.
6、他马上要去北京。注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow,next week 等表示明确将来的时间状语连用。5.be due to与时间表,旅行计划等有关。e.g.The train is due to leave at 7:00.,四.现在完成时（have/hasp.p.）1.基本用法:1影响性用法:表示一个动作发生在过去,已经完成,且对现在造成影响或结果,e.g.He has left the city.（结果:他不在这个城市）Someone has broken the window.（结果:窗户仍破着）2持续性用法:表示一个动作从过去持续到现在,且可能继续持续下去或可
7、能到此结束,e.g.We have been busy this afternoon.,2.用现在完成时的典型场合:1“since过去时间”或“since接that从句（从句中用一般过去时）”则句中用现在完成时,e.g.I havent seen her since last week.Where have you been since I last saw you?2句中有so far/in（for/during）the past（last）years（months）/up to now/until now e.g.So far there has been no news.3“It/Thi
8、s/That is the first（second/third）timethat从句”或“It/This/That is the onlythat从句”或“It/This/That is the 最高级 that从句”e.g.,It/This/That is the first time that I have come to Zhejiang.It/This/That is the only party that I have ever really enjoyed in my life.It/This/That is the most interesting book that I ha
9、ve ever read.（注:以上句型把is改为was,则从句时态相应改为过去完成时态）,3.现在完成时与一般过去时态的区别:1)现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果,而一般过去时态强调这一个动作发生的时间是过去。2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday,last week，ago,in1980,in October,just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。现在完成时的时间状语：for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in past
10、 years,always等，皆不确定的时间状语。共同的时间状语：this morning,tonight,this April,now,already,recently,lately 等,e.g.Ive lived here for ten years.（现在仍住在这儿）I lived here for ten years.（现在不住在这儿）He has bought a house.（现在已拥有这房子）He bought a house.（现在拥不拥有这房子,不知道,只是知道买了房子,现在可能拥有也可能卖掉了）,五.现在完成进行时（have/has been v-ing）1.一般用法:表示
11、现在以前一段时间里一直在进行的动作,这一动作可能仍在进行,也可能已停止,e.g.It has been raining since two days ago.,-Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work?-Yes,thats why I _ to work by train.have been goinghave gonewas going towill have gone,六.过去完成时（had p.p.）1.表示过去的过去 时间状语before,by,until,when,after,once e.g.I had hardly opened the do
12、or when he hit me.用好过去完成时,关键在于理解它的时间是“过去的过去”。2.want/think/hope/plan/mean/expect/intend/suppose等动词的过去完成时不定式的一般式（等于这些动词的一般过去式后接不定式的完成式）,表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算、想法等e.g.I had meant to come,but something happened.（I meant to have come,but something happened.）I had intended to speak at the meeting,but time didnt p
13、ermit.（I intended to have spoken at the meeting,but time didnt permit.）,3.一些特殊句型中的过去完成时:1“It/This/That was the first（second/third）timethat从句”或“It/This/That was the onlythat从句”或“It/This/That was the 最高级 that从句”2by（the end of)/by the time 过去时间,e.g.We had learnt 3,000 words by the end of last term.By t
14、he time he came back,we had repaired the machine.3no sooner than;hardly/scarcely when No sooner had he gone to the garden than his son went to play with his classmates.Hardly had he heard the news when he cried.,七.将来完成时（will/shallhave p.p.）1.表示到将来某一时间为止会完成的动作,e.g.When we get there,shell have gone to
15、 work.2.by（the end of）将来时间,e.g.We will have learnt 3,000 words by the end of next term.By the time he comes back,we will have repaired the machine.3.与用一般现在时态表示将来一样,时间状语从句和条件状语从句须用现在完成时表将来,e.g.Ill go with you when I have finished my work.等我完成工作以后我就同你去。,八.现在进行时（bev-ing）:1.表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。e.g.Were
16、 having a meeting.（说话时正在进行的动作）2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作或表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。He is teaching in a school.（目前这个阶段正在进行的动作）3.现在进行时表示将来,表示按计划或安排要发生的动作,e.g.Im leaving tomorrow.,4.现在进行时与always/forever/constantly/continuously等连用,表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,e.g.Shes always helping others.5.动词be的现在进行时,表示一时的表现或暂时的状态,e.g.She i
17、s foolish.（生性如此）She is being foolish.（一时的表现）能这样用的形容词多为angry,careful,clever,stupid,kind,brave,friendly,rude,polite等动态形容词。,不用进行时的动词 1）表示事实状态的动词，如have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue等。例如：I have two brothers.我有两兄弟。This house belongs to my sister.这房子是我姐的。2）表示心理
18、状态,情感的动词，如know,realize,think,see,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate等。例如：I need your help.我需要你的帮助。He loves her very much.他爱她很深。3）瞬间动词，如accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse等。例如：I accept your advice.我接受你的劝告。4）系动词，如seem,r
19、emain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,等。例如：You seem a little tired.你看上去有点累。,九.过去进行时（was/were v-ing）1.表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作,He was playing while I was studying.,-Hey,look where you are going!-Oh,Im terribly sorry._.A.Im not noticingB.I wasnt noticingC.I havent noticeD.I dont notice,十.将来进行时（will/shallbe v-ing
20、）1.基本用法:表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,e.g.When I get home at 9:00 tomorrow,my son will be watching TV.,-Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work?-Yes,thats why I _ to work by train.have been goinghave gonewas going towill have gone,语态被动语态的构成方式：be/get+过去分词注意1.主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。The boss made him work
21、all day long.He was made to work all day long(by the boss)2.短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。Your pronunciation should be paid attention to.3.当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式:（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用从句来表示。如：He is said to be a smart boy.It is said that he is
22、 a smart boy.,.,不用被动语态的情况 1.不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态。例如：（错）The price has been risen.（对）The price has risen.（错）The price has raised.（对）The price has been raised.（错）Please seat.（对）Please be seated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。2.系动词无被动语态，如appear,be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,so
23、und,stay,taste,turn等。例如：It sounds good.听上去不错。,主动形式表示被动意义 1.表示主语特征、状态的动词wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell等。例如：The book sells well.这本书销路好。2.be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。例如：I was to blame for the accident.事故发生 了，我该受指责。3.在need,require,want,worth（形容词）,deserve后
24、例如：The door needs repairing.=The door needs to be repaired.门该修了。,4.在“be+形容词+to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.The girl isnt easy to get along with.5.用来做定语和被修饰的名词有动宾关系，又和另一名词或代词有主谓关系的动词不定式。I have something to tell you.,1.Since I won the big prize,my telephone hasnt st
25、opped ringing.People_to ask how I am going to spend the money.phone B.will phone C.were phoning D.are phoning2.-Im sorry,but you are fined$50!You know you_ 120 km an hour,dont you?A.are driving B.were driving C.have driven D.had driven,D,B,3.They_ on the program for almost one week before I joined t
26、hem,and now we _on it as no good results have come out so far.A.had been working,are still working B.had worked,were still workingC.have been working,have workedD.have worked,are still working,A,4.-You are drinking too much.-Only at home.No one _ me but you.is seeing B.had seen C.sees D.saw5.The fir
27、st use of atomic weapons was in 1945,and their power_increased enormously ever since.A.is B.was C.has been D.had been6.Who is Jerry Cooper?-_?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.A.Dont you meet him yet B.Hadnt you met him yetC.Didnt you meet him yet D.Havent you met him yet,c,C,D,7.By th
28、e time Jane gets home,her aunt _ for London to attend a meeting.A.will leave B.leaves C.will have left D.left8.The crazy fans_patiently for two hours,and they would wait till the movie star arrived.A.were waiting B.had been waiting C.had waited D.would wait9.-I hear Janes has gone to the Holy Island
29、 for her holiday.-Oh,how nice！Do you know when she_?A.was leaving B.had left C.has left D.left,C,B,D,10.I dont know if he _.If he _,Ill let you know.A.will come;will come B.comes;comes C.will come;comes D.comes;will come11.-Kate has come back home from her long holidays abroad.-Oh,really?I_._ visit
30、her.A.didnt know;Ill go and B.dont know;Ill go and C.dont know;I,m going to D.didnt know;I m going to,C,A,12.I really dont think ketty will mind it,but youd better go and see her in case she _.A.does B.do C.will mind D.has minded13.-How are the team playing?-They are playing well,but one of them _hu
31、rt.A.got B.gets C.are D.were 14.Dont disturb her.She _ letters all the morning and has finished eight.A.was writing B.has written C.has been writing D.wrote,A,A,C,15.In my opinion,all Mr.White _ good to his students in his class at present.He is very strict in their study.A.does does does B.does do
32、doC.does does do D.did do does16.They intend to go on with the experiment until 10 oclock tomorrow morning,and by then they _ for 22 hours.A.are working B.have been working C.will be working D.will have been working 17.Be careful!Dont get the orange juice on your shirt,for it _.A.isnt washing out B.
33、wont be washed out C.Isnt washed out D.wont wash out,C,D,D,18.The water _ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.A.was felt B.is felt C.felt D.feels 19.Oh,where is my wallet?Maybe I left it in the car.-You _ things behind!A.are always leaving B.were leaving C.have left D.always leave
34、20.My brother _ home for two years and we havent heard from him ever since he _.A.has left;left B.has been away;was away C.has been away from;left D.left;was away,C,A,C,22 My former English teacher,who_ in our school for over 20 years,now lives in his hometown.A.has worked B.worked C.had worked D.wo
35、rks23.The notice _“No smoking”.A.is toldB.readsC.tellsD.is read24.-You look tired.-Yes.I _ non-stop until 8 oclock.A.had worked B.had been working C.have worked D.was working,B,B,D,25.Youd better not call Mr.Green between 7 and 8 this evening,for he _ an important talk then.will have B.would have C.
36、will be having D.will have had,C,动词时态、语态01、(08全国卷I 27)Have you known Dr.Jackson for a long time?Yes,since she _ the Chinese Society.A.has joined B.joins C.had joined D.joined02、(08全国卷I 29)The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front _ to arrive.A.is expected B.is expecting C.expects D.wi
37、ll be expected03、(08全国卷II 11)If the weather had been better,we could have had a picnic.But it _ all day.A.rained B.rains C.has rained D.is raining,D,A,A,04、(08全国卷II 14)If their marketing plans succeed,they _ their sales by 20 percent.A.will increase B.have been increasing C.have increased D.would be
38、 increasing05、(08北京卷 21)John promised his doctor he _ not smoke,and he has not smoked ever since.A.might B.should C.could D.would.06、(08北京卷 22)Have you read book called Waiting for Anya?Who _ it?A.writes B.has written C.wrote D.had written07、(08北京卷 27)The hotel wasnt particularly good.But I _ in man
39、y worse hotels.A.was staying B.stayed C.would stay D.had stayed,A,D,C,D,08、(08北京卷 29)No decision _about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.A.will be made B.is made C.is being made D.has been made09、(08上海春卷 29)Population experts predict that most people _ in cities
40、in the near future live B.would live C.will live D.have lived10、(08上海春卷 31)Officials say that few patients _with the virus owing to the effective prevention infected B.are infected C.have infected D.be infected,A,C,B,11、(08上海卷28)-Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?-Terry?Never!She_ te
41、nts and fresh air!A.has hated B.hated C.will hate D.hates 12、(08上海卷32)In recent years many football clubs _ as business to make a profit.A.have run B.have been run C.had been run D.will run13、(08天津卷 14)He _ football regularly for many years when he was young.A.was playing B.played C.has played D.had
42、 played,D,B,B,14、(08重庆卷 23)Judy is going to marry the sailor she in Rome last year.A.meets B.met C.has met D.would meet15、(08重庆卷 31)He as a national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country in the Olympics.A.regarded B.was regarded C.has regarded D.had been regarded16、(08重庆卷 35)Teenager
43、s their health because they play computer games too much.A.have damaged B.are damaging C.damaged D.will damage,B,B,B,17、(08辽宁卷 23)We first met on a train in 2000.We both felt immediately that we _ each other for years.A.knew B.have known C.had knownD.know18、(08辽宁卷 29)Have you got any job offers?No.I
44、 _.A.waited B.had been waitingC.have waited D.am waiting19、(08山东卷 25)By the time he realizes he _ into a trap,itll be too late for him to do anything about it.A.walks B.walked C.has walkedD.had walked,C,D,C,20、(08江苏卷 33)Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.I think so.He _ for it for
45、months.A.is preparing B.was preparing C.had been preparing D.has been preparing21、(08江西卷32)Do you think we should accept that offer?-Yes,we should,for we _such bad luck up till now,and time _ out.A.have had;is running B.had;is running C.have;has been run D.have had;has been run,D,A,22、(08安徽卷22)-Did
46、you watch the basketball match yesterday?-Yes,I did.You know,my brother _ in the match.A.is playing B.was playing C.has played D.had played23、(08安徽卷33)I like these English songs and they _many times on the radio.A.taught B.have taught C.are taught D.have been taught24、(08浙江卷05)I dont believe youve a
47、lready finished reading the book I _it to you this morning!A.would lend B.was lending C.had lent D.lent,B,D,D,25、(08浙江卷07)Whats that noise?Oh,I forgot to tell you.The new machine _.A.was tested B.will be tested C.is being tested D.has been tested26、(08湖南卷32)I called Hnnah many times yesterday evenin
48、g,but I couldnt get through.Her brother _ on the phone all the time!A.was talking B.has been talking C.has talked D.talked27、(08湖南卷35)Do you have any problems if you _ this job?Well,Im thinking about the salary.A.offer B.will offer C.are offered D.will be offered,C,A,C,28、(08陕西卷06)The moment I got h
49、ome,I found I my jacket on the playground.A.had left B.left C.have left D.was leaving29、(08陕西卷17)Though we dont know what discussed,yet we can feel the topic.A.had changed B.will change C.was changed D.has been changed30、(08四川卷07)The telephone _,but by the time I got indoors,it stopped.A.had rung B.was ringing C.rings D.has rung31、(08福建卷25)So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.A.saw B.see C.had seen D.have seen,A,D,B,D,
