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1、大学英语三级考试教程,季烁红殡仪1033,英语阅读技巧,识别难字（Word Attack Strategies)确认暗含意（indentifying the implied idea)得出推论（Making Inferences)理解论点（Reading Arguments),区别观点和事实（Distinguishing Fact from Opinion)找出作者意图(Identifying Authors Purpose)文章连贯(Text Coherence)概括主题(Recognizing generalizations)做结论(Making Conclusions),识别难字（Wor
2、d Attack Strategies),阅读时你也许常会遇到生单词或短语，通过对文章内容的理解你有可能知道其含义比如，利用这句话其他单词，其他段落句子，或者按常理推断。这里有4种很典型的类型。,识别难字（Word Attack Strategies),1.定义以及重述（Definition and restatement)For example:Modern medicine and new methods of food production allow adults to live longer and babies to survive,not die soon after birth
3、.此时重述“not die”的使用使我们得知survive(生存)的含义。同样在短语“that is”之后也常使用定义及重述，对前面生词解释。,识别难字（Word Attack Strategies),2.具有相反意思的生词（Words with opposite meaning)For example:Most of us see everything as independent from one another.But the reality is that everything is part of one interconnected,interrelated whole.通过“bu
4、t”，我们能推测interconnected，interrelated一定与independent有相反的含义。,识别难字（Word Attack Strategies),3.举例（Examples）For example：The simplest way to help the environment is not to impact on it.Tread as lightly as you can,taking as little as possible,and putting back as much as you can.Impact 能通过下一句的例子treading lightl
5、y,taking little and putting back much(轻走，不拿，多给）得出含义：影响，作用。,识别难字（Word Attack Strategies),4.按常理（Common sense)For example:Trees bring water up from the ground,allowing water to evaporate into the atmosphere.按常理evaporate肯定是“to change from a liquid state to a gas”即：蒸发。,确认暗含意（indentifying the implied idea
6、),要明白作者声明以及暗含的相关含义，得首先回答两个问题“What is the topic of the paragraph?”和“What does the author want me to know about that topic?”也许第二个问题的答案好找，文章中没现成的答案。那么，这就要推断作者的隐含义了。在含有隐含义的段落中，作者虽然不会明讲，往往会给出一些细节。此时，需要仔细阅读找出连接文章的接点。,确认暗含意（indentifying the implied idea),For example:direct marketing today occurs either in
7、the form of a direct response,which requires a salesperson to complete the sale,or by direct order,which is a sale made without a personal sales call.More broadly,direct marketing is the selling of products without a shop,as with Avon.Com or Amway.Comproducts.Telemarketing,catalog shopping,personali
8、zed mailings,and trial offers are all ways to conduct direct marketing.,确认暗含意（indentifying the implied idea),What is the topic of the paragraph?Direct marketing What does the author want you to know about direct marketing?Direct marketing is the way online companies often conduct their business.,得出推
9、论（Making Inferences),推论不仅使我们明白作者所意，还会使我们更能体会文章主旨。它要求我们通过表面的词句发现内含义，联系明示和暗示，得到作者没有直接表达的意思。,得出推论（Making Inferences),在描述人物中For example:In the mirror john bell noticed that his hair was graying at the temples.As he picked up the morning paper,he realized that he could no longer see well at all without h
10、is glasses.Looking at the hands holding the paper he saw that they were wrinkled,从作者描述此人物方式，我们可推断他意识到自己正在变老了，但是作者并没讲明，全靠我们从作者提供的事实才能得知。,得出推论（Making Inferences),理解论点（Reading Arguments),找到阅读材料的论点对于读者理解他的观点是很重要的。把作者的论点放在脑子里面，去找到其他的一些论据，能更好地把握作者的本意。,理解论点（Reading Arguments),For example：If women are merci
11、lessly exploited year after year,they have only themselves to blame.Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion,they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores.Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside
12、 because of the change of fashion.When you come to think of it,only a women is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.,理解论点（Reading Arguments),这个短文的论点很容易找到If women are mercilessly exploited year after year,they have only th
13、emselves to blame.那么剩下的部分都是用来支持他这个观点的了。,区别观点和事实（Distinguishing Fact from Opinion),事实是那些可以被确认的真是的声明。而观点用来表达主观感情，态度或信仰，有待确定是否真实。,区别观点和事实（Distinguishing Fact from Opinion),For example:事实（Facts）1.The average American adults spend 25 hours per week on housework.2.U.S.military spending has increased over
14、the past ten years.,区别观点和事实（Distinguishing Fact from Opinion),Opinions1.By the year 2020 tobacco should have become illegal,as various other drugs are currently illegal.2.If John F.Kennedy had lived,the United States would have become quite different.,找出作者意图(Identifying Authors Purpose),要明白作者的意图，首先，
15、应该弄清楚文章主要内容，作者的意图往往和内容相关。其次，根据内容不要妄加想象推测意图。因此，了解文章的大意是掌握作者意图的关键。,找出作者意图(Identifying Authors Purpose),下面是一些常见的用来表达作者意图，态度的词：positive（积极）;negative,（消极）neutral（中立）critical（批判）,doubtful（怀疑）,indifferent（漠然）concerned（关心）,pessimistic（悲观）,optimistic（乐观）,impartial（公正）,objective（客观）,subjective（主观）,ironic（讽刺）,
16、polite（礼貌）,humorous（幽默）,etc.,找出作者意图(Identifying Authors Purpose),下列的问题可以对你找到作者的意图有些帮助：1.Who is the intended audience?2.What is the tone?3.What is the point of view?4.Does the author try to prove anything about the subject?If so,what?,文章连贯(Text Coherence),连贯意味段落中句子意思地连贯表达。段落中句子或者在逻辑，或者在语法上是彼此联系的。通常，一
17、个段落中所有的句子都应给予同样的关注。,文章连贯(Text Coherence),For example:Now,in Austin,there were nightmares.I would dream either of friends being shot dead,or see pools of blood spilling from bullet-riddled bodies,or that I myself was the target of gunfire.I would wake up in a sweat,terrified of going back to sleep.Du
18、ring the day,the sound of police or ambulance sirens made me jumpy.,文章连贯(Text Coherence),Helicopters flying overhead made me uneasy.I had to constantly remind myself that these were most often civilian and not military helicopters.I had to remind myself that the ambulances were not rushing to evacua
19、te wounded demonstrators.,文章连贯(Text Coherence),1.What is the paragraph mainly about?My fear 2.How are the first three sentences coherent with each other?they are all about nightmare I have,概括主题(Recognizing generalizations),概括基于对整体中部分的观察和实践而对整体做的结论。比如，你在校园里采访一部分同学，问每一位他们为什么上大学，那么，每个人都说他（她）为了将来找个工作。当然
20、，直到你问完全校所有同学，你是不会确信这种说法代表全部人的意见。,概括主题(Recognizing generalizations),这里有些概括有道理，但另一些也许你就不会同意。For example：1.All college freshmen are confused and disoriented during their first week on campus.2.Most parents are concerned for the happiness of their children.,概括主题(Recognizing generalizations),3.Psychology
21、 instructors are interested in the psychology of learning.4.College students are more interested in social life than scholarship.,概括主题(Recognizing generalizations),切记概括不是事实，它仅代表作者关于一系列特别事实的判断。,概括主题(Recognizing generalizations),For example:The wedding is a tradition that most young adults still value
22、.Most engaged couples carefully plan their wedding and regard it as an important occasion in their life.Couples are also very concerned that their ceremony follows rules of etiquette and that everything is done?just so.?Most give a great deal of attention to personalizing their ceremony,including th
23、eir own vows,songs,and symbols.,做结论(Making Conclusions),合理的结论是基于事实和证据，而不应该取决于自己的观点及喜好。细心的读者阅读时一定常会想他们读的是什么，试着解释和理解文章所出现的文字，这样的话，他们就可以基于作者的言论而得出自己的结论。,做结论(Making Conclusions),For example：The attitude of the teacher toward his/her pupils does much to form the opinion that they have of themselves.If he
24、/she expresses faith in his/her pupils,recognizes their strong points,and adjusts the work to their capacities,he/she is apt to condition them to have desirable attitudes about themselves and their work.,做结论(Making Conclusions),On the other hand,if he/she displays contempt for their abilities,minimi
25、zes their efforts,and is inflexible in his/her requirements,he/she will help develop associations that may give rise to unhappy emotional states.When these associations come to mind,the emotions surrounding them will be restored to the former state.The emotions may be either stimulating or depressin
26、g.,做结论(Making Conclusions),下面通过上述方法思考几道问题：1.It can be concluded from the passage that a student?s attitude toward a subject is most strongly influenced by _.A)the students likes and dislikes of the subject itself B)the teachers likes and dislikes about the subject C)the teacher?s reactions to the st
27、udent D)the students capacity for emotional control,做结论(Making Conclusions),第一句就告诉大家，老师对学生的态度能使学生形成自己的态度和情感。接下来的文字又讲到了老师的两种类型的态度。因此，这个开场白就阐述了这篇短文的主要观点。所以，学生的态度被老师影响，他对一事物的反应会看老师的脸色。因此，C为正确答案。,做结论(Making Conclusions),其实讲了这么多阅读技巧，只不过是给同学们一些参考的建议。只要读多了，无论用什么诀窍，都能明白作者的意图。,做结论(Making Conclusions),从每次阅读中来
28、学习新单词，把每一次所遇到的难点弄明白。其中，句子复杂结构此类问题是较容易解决的从复杂句子的主干入手。其他有关英语生僻的表达妇女更是，需要一个一个记。最后，平时广泛涉猎各种只是也是很有必要的。每一篇阅读或者讲人文，或地理，或科技等等。也许，有时真正难于理解的不是英语，而是它所表达的汉语了，如果汉语都不知，如何理解它的英语版本了。,40,Say hello-Rosie thomasIf I（）himIf I just（）Would he hold me and（）let me go Would he let me（）his wool（）coatI dont know,I dont KnowIf
29、I see her standing there aloneAt the（）（）,three stops from her home I have half a mind to say what Im thinking（）But I dont know,I dont knowTheres an（）in the skyWith a banner right（）Loneliness is just a（）look（）（）in the eyeAnd say hello-o-o-o-oand say hello-o-o-o-o,If I find himIf I just followWould he
30、 hold me and never let me go Would he let me borrow his wool winter coatI dont know,I dont KnowIf I see her standing there aloneAt the train station,three stops from her home I have half a mind to say what Im thinking anywayBut I dont know,I dont knowTheres an airplane in the skyWith a banner right behindLoneliness is just a crimelook each other in the eyeAnd say hello-o-o-o-oand say hello-o-o-o-o,谢谢观赏,
