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1、1,Adverbial clausesof time/reason（时间、原因状语从句）,2,Adverbial clause of time:,when,while,asbefore,aftersince,till/until,by the timeas soon as=the moment hardlywhen=no soonerthanthe first time,every/each timewhenever等,3,when(特定时间或一段时间)当时侯-When I was a boy,I rode to school.-When the lesson was over,we walk
2、ed out of the lab.就在那时-I was doing my homework when the light suddenly went off.-He was about to sleep when someone knocked at the door.,when/while/as的区别,过去进行时,过去将来时,4,while(一段时间)当时侯(从句的谓语必须是持续性动词,用进行时或“be+表语”)-While Mary was cooking,the children were playing outside.-Strike while the iron is hot.然而
3、(并列句,侧重对比)-You are sitting while I am standing.虽然(让步状语从句,放句首)-While I admit his good points,I can see his shortcomings.,when/while/as的区别,趁热打铁。,5,as 当时侯(侧重同时发生)-As I was a child,I showed much interest in insects.一边一边-He often does homework as he listens to music.随着.-As times goes on,Im getting older
4、and older.,when/while/as的区别,6,-It was midnight before he came back.午夜他才回来。-Before I could say a word,she had run out of the room.没等我开口,她就跑出了房间。,before的用法,before有时译成“(之后)才”,“还等就”,7,before的用法,-It will be five years before I come back.我五年之后才能回来。-It was not long before the enemy was driven out of their
5、country.不久之后敌人就被赶出了他们的国家。,It+be+一段时间+before 句型“在之后才”,注意:主句用否定式，译成“不多久就”,-It wont be long before they understand each other.,不久他们就会相互了解。,时态主将从现或前过后过,-It is/has been 11 years since I came to Shanghai.-It is/has been three years since I joined the Party.,It is/has been+一段时间+since 句型“自从.以来已有.(时间)了”,sinc
6、e的用法,注意:主句时态 从句时态,一般现在时/现在完成时,一般过去时,9,直到他生病他才意识到健康的重要性。(Not until)-Not until he was ill did he realize the importance of health.-It was not until he was ill that he realized,练一练,半倒,10,by the time 主句时态？-By the time he was fourteen,he _(teach)himself advanced mathematics.,想一想,过去完成时或将来完成时,had taught,11
7、,the momentthe minutethe instantimmediatelydirectly,一就,as soon as,-I recognized her the moment I saw her.-He cried the moment he heard the bad news.,12,HardlywhenNo soonerthanScarcelywhen,一就,as soon as,-Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.-No sooner had I sat down than he stepped in
8、.,HardlywhenNo soonerthan,注意:时态搭配及拼写半倒语序,前过去完成时后一般过去时,我一进房间就听见他的哭声。(Hardly)-Hardly had I entered the room when I heard his cry.,助动词或情态动词提到主语前,14,-I thought her nice and honest the first time when I met her.-Every time I went to his house,he was out.-Next time I see you,Ill show you my new apartment.
9、,the first time 第一次every/each time 每次next time 下一次,名词短语=连词,直接加句子,15,所有的时间状语从句谓语都不用将来时，即所谓的“主将从现”。,16,II.Adverbial clause of reason:,becauseassince,fornow that等,17,because/as/since/,for的区别,because“因为”直接原因,回答why,语气最强-He didnt come because he was ill.,as“由于”明显的原因,语气最弱-As it is raining,wed better stay inside.,18,because/as/since/,for的区别,since“既然”=now that 已知的原因,语气比because轻-Since you are busy,Ill go alone.,for“因为”并列句,前有逗号-He must be ill,for he is absent today.,19,Homework:,参阅报纸第10期E版讲解及H版配套练习。,
