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1、When you decide to stick to one thing, the whole world will make way for you.勤学乐观天天向上（页眉可删）中考英语复习资料 中考英语复习资料11.动词的八种时态的构成及用法;2.动词被动语态的构成及用法;3.非谓语动词的构成及用法;4.近义动词的用法区别。【名师点睛】1.动词的时态英语时态用共有十六种时态，其中常用的有8种，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。(1)一般现在时的基本用法1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语：
2、every, sometimes,at, on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.【注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。I do
3、nt want so much.5) 某些动词如 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start 等，在一般现在时句中可用来表示将来肯定会发生的动作。The train comes at 3 oclock.6) 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。Ill help you as soon as you have problem.Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him.(2)一般过去时的用法：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般过去式带
4、有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。I worked in that factory last year.【注意】1) 过去经常反复发生的动作，也可用used to或would加动词原形来表达，例如：I used to go fishing on Sundays.2) “used to”也可用于表示过去曾经存在过的状态。例如：This river used to be clean.(3)一般将来时的用法1)表示将来的动作或状态。例如：I shal
5、l attend the meeting tomorrow.2)表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：He will go to see his mother every Saturdays.3)表示将来的意愿，决心，许诺， 命令等时常用will，征求对方意见，主语是第一人称时，常用shall。I will do my best to catch up with them.Shall I open the door?4)be + going + 动词不定式。也是一种将来时句型，表示打算，计划，最近或将来要作的某事。I am going to Beijing next week.5)be +
6、 动词不定式。表示有职责，义务，可能，约定，意图等。There is to be a meeting this afternoon.We are to meet the guests at the station.6)be about + 动词不定式，表示马上，很快作某事。They are about to leave.(4)现在进行时的用法1) 现在进行时的用法表示说话者说话时正在发生或者进行的动作， 它注重现在正在进行的动作，而不管动作从什么时间开始，到什么时间结束。What are you doing now?I am looking for my key.2) 现在进行时表示目前一段时
7、间内正在进行的动作(但说话时这个动作不一定在进行)。The students are preparing for the examination.3) 某些动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作，这些动词有 arrive, come, leave, start等。They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow.【注意】有些动词一般不可以用于进行时态表示状态的动词，尤其是静态动词，如：be, have表示认识、知觉和情感的动词，如：know, think, hear, find, see, like, want, wish, prefer等。(5)现在完成时的用法1)
8、现在完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作。I have bought a ten-speed bicycle.They have cleaned the classroom.2) 现在完成时表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，或者还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。 现在完成时常与for 和 since 引导的短语或从句连用。We have lived here since 1976.They have waited for more than two hours.【注意】一般过去时与现在完成时的区别过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对
9、现在的影响，强调的是影响;一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用。试比较：I saw this film yesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了，不涉及现在)I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。)(6)过去进行时的用法表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。例如：I was watching TV when she came to see me.【注意】过去进行时和一般过去时都是过去发生的事情，但过去进行时侧重表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或所处的状态，强调动作的连续进行，而一般过去时则表示单纯的过去事实，例如：They were building
10、a house last month. (上个月正在建造，建造好与否不知)They built a new house last month. (上个月建造好了，动作已经完成)(7)过去完成时的用法过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或所处的状态，过去完成时常和 by , before 等词组成的短语和从句连用。We had already learned two thousands words by the end of last year.When we arrived at the station, they had waited for more than twenty
11、minutes.(8)过去将来时的用法过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在地状态，过去将来时较多地被运用在宾语从句中。例如：They were going to have a meeting.I told him that I would see him off at the station.2.动词的语态语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。(1)被动语态1) 被动语态最基本的句型结构是： be +及物动词过去分词2) 被动语态中的谓语动词一定要是及物动词因为被动句中的主语是动作的承受者，某些短语动词如look after,
12、 think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等，也可用于被动语态。The children were taken good care of by her.【注意】短语动词中的介词或副词变成被动语态时不可遗漏。3) 主动语态变为被动语态要加“to”的情况若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。此类动词为感官动词，如：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch等。例如：The teacher made me go out of
13、the classroom.I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).4) 主动形式表示被动意义如wash, clean, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等动词虽然用做主动形式却表示被动的意义。例如：The food tastes good.3.非谓语动词对非谓语动词的考点是：感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作宾语补足语的用法;一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to，但变为被动语态时就要带to;有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词ing形式
14、作宾语，但表达的意思不同。这些都是历年中考的重点。(1)非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。 动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。(2)不定式作宾语补足语Father will not allow us to play on the street.(3)不定式作目的状语He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.(4)用不定式和分词作补足语都可以的动词这样的动词有感官动词如：see, hear, look, notice, observe, feel等，使役动词如：have, make
15、, leave, keep, get等。接不定式表示动作的完整性，真实性;+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性。I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调我看见了这个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(强调我见他正干活这个动作)昨天我见他正在花园里干活。(5)用不带to不定式的情况使役动词如： let, have, make等和感官动词如： see, watch, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。在被动语态中
16、则to不能省掉。(6)接动名词与不定式意义不同1) stop to do停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。stop doing停止做某事。2) forget to do忘记要去做某事。(未做)forget doing忘记做过某事。(已做)3) remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做)remember doing记得做过某事 (已做)4) try to do努力，企图做某事。try doing 试验，试着做某事。5) go on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。go on doing 继续做原来做的事。6) mean to do 打算、想mean doing意味着4. 容易混淆
17、的常用动词的辨析(1) say, speak, talk, tell的用法。1) say表示讲话，作为及物动词使用，后跟宾语或宾语从句。He said he would go there.Its time to leave. We have to say goodbye to you.2)speak表示“讲话”，一般作为不及物动词使用，而有时作为及物动词后面跟上各种语言作为宾语。Do you speak English?May I speak to Mr Pope, please?3) talk表示“谈话”，是不及物动词，与to , about, with等连用，才可以接宾语。What are
18、 you talking about?Mr Jackson is talking with my father in the office now.4) tell 表示“告诉，讲述”是及物动词，可以带双宾语或复合宾语。She told us an interesting story yesterday.My teacher told me that we would have an English exam the next month.(2) look, see, watch和watch的用法。1) look强调“看”这个动作，是不及物动词，常与at连用，然后接宾语。Look! The gi
19、rl is swimming in the lake.Look at the picture carefully. Can you find something unusual?2) see 指“看见”某物，强调的是结果。They cant see the words on the blackboard.Does Lily often go to see a film on Sunday?3) watch 指的是“观看”，“注视”之意。The twins are watching TV now.He will go to watch a volleyball match.4) read指“看书
20、”、“看报”、“阅读”之意。Dont read in the sun.I like to read newspapers when I am free.(3) borrow, lend和keep的区别。1) borrow意思为“借入”，常常与from连用，是非延续性动词，表示瞬间即能完成的动作。Meimei borrowed a book from the library just now.May I borrow your dictionary?2) lend 是“借出”之意，常常与to连用，同borrow一样，是非延续性动词，只表示瞬间即能完成的动作。Uncle Wany has lent
21、 his car to Mr Li.Could you lend us your radio, please?3) keep是“保存”的意思，动作可以延续。How long can the recorder be kept?The farmer kept the pat for two weeks.(4) bring, take, carry 和get的用法。1) bring意思为“拿来”、“带来”。指将某物或某人从别处“带来”。Bring me the book, please.May I bring Jim to see you next Saturday?2) take意思是“拿走”，“
22、带走”，把某物或某人从这里“带来”或“拿到”某处之意。It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you.Mother took the little girl to the next room.3) carry 是“带着、搬运、携带”的意思，指随身携带，有背着、扛着、抱着、提着的含义，不表明来去的方向。Do you always carry a handbag?The box is heavy. Can you carry it?4) get是去某处将某物拿回来。Please go to my office to get some chalk.There
23、 is no water in the bottle. Why not get some?(5) wear, put on和dress的区别1) wear是“穿着”“戴着”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首饰等，强调“穿着”的状态。Tom always wears black shoes.He wears a raincoat even when it is fine.She doesnt like to wear a red flowers in her hair.2) put on是“穿上”“戴上”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。着重于穿戴的动作。Its cold.
24、 Youd better put on your coat.He put on his hat and went out of the room.3) dress可以作及物动词和不及物动词，有“穿着”“打扮”的意思。作“穿着”解时，只用于穿衣服，不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。作为及物动词用时，它的宾语是人，不是衣服。dress sb. (给某人穿衣服)，而wear作“穿着”用时，也是及物动词，但它的宾语是物，不是人，即wear sth.(穿着衣物)。She always dresses well.Get up and dress quickly.Mary is dressing her child
25、.(6) take, spend 和use的用法。1) take指做某事用多少时间，句型是：It takes/took/ will take + sb. +some time + to do sth.It took me three days to finish the work.It will take you a while week to travel thought the forest.It takes only one hour to fly to Shanghai.2) spend指某人在某事(物)上花费时间或钱。句型是：Someone spends + money/time +
26、 on something(in) doing sth.She spent more than 500 yuan on that coat.He didnt spend much time on his lessons.He spent much time (in) correcting students exercises.Mother spent her evenings (in) washing clothes.3) use表示使用工具、手段等。Do you know how to use the computer?Shall we use your car?(7)reach, get
27、和arrive的区别。1) reach是及物动词，后面要直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。After the train had left, they reached the stationWe reached the top of the mountain at last.2) get是不及动词，常与to连用，再接名词，后面接表示地点的副词时，不用to，get to常用于口语中。When the students got to the cinema, the film had begun.My sister was cooking when mother got home.3) arrive是不及
28、物动词，表示到达一个小地方时，用arrive at, 到达一个大地方时用arrive in。The soldiers arrived at a small villageThe foreigners will arrive in Shanghai tomorrow.中考英语复习资料2Unit 11. He studies by asking the teacher for helpby 以 方式，靠 + n / doing I went to school by bus /train /subway / bike / plane /boat.2. the best way to do sth
29、做某事的方法3. Joining the English club was the best way to improve our English.动名词作主语 + V 三单4. have trouble / problem / difficult / a hard time + doing sth 做某事很困难5. laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人6. last ( 持续 ) + 一段时间 The rain lasted for 6 hours yesterday.7. regard .as = consider.as.= treat as. 把 . 当成 8. complain to s
30、b about doing sth 抱怨某人做某事9. except / besidesexcept 除 以外 . All the students went to the zoo except mebesides 除 . 以外 (包括在内) I have few friends besides you.10. as soon as. 一 . 就 (条件状语从句， 主将从现) Ill call you as soon as I get there.11. if 引导宾语从句时 “ 是否 ” if 引导条件状语从句 “ 假如，如果 ” ，主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。I dont know i
31、f it will rain ， if it rains ， I wont go out.宾从 条从Unit 21. 1 ) used to do sth 过去常常做某事 He used to do homework until 10 pm.2 ) be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 Im used to getting up early. She is used to living alone.3 ) be used to do sth = be used for doing sth 被用于做某事 Knife is used to cut things = Knife i
32、s used for cutting things.2. afford 买得起，负担得起( 的费用) I cant afford a new car. afford to do sth 负担得起做某事3. get in trouble with 与 . 发生纠纷 be patient with sb of sth 在某事上对某人很耐心4. be proud of = take pride in + n / doing 对 . 感到骄傲5. It s time (for sb) to do sth / Its time for sth 是(某人)该做某事的时候了Unit 31. be allow
33、ed to do sth 被允许做某事 allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 allow to do sth 允许做某事2. (1) instead of + n /pre / vingShe prefers milk instead of (=rather than) coffee. Wed like to go sightseeing instead of staying at home.(2) instead 相反的、代替。常放句末。 I dont like swimming ， I like playing games instead.3. So do we 我也是So
34、 + 助、 be 、情态动词 + 主语 “ 某人也一样 ” I have to do my homework . So does he .Nor /neither 助、 be 、情态动词 + 主语 “ 某人也不 ” Mary didnt go to the party last night . Neither /nor did I .4. Im not allowed to get my ears pierced.Get sth done / have sth done 这事儿不是主语做的，而是找别人做的。My bike broke down ， Ill have it repaired. 我
35、的自行车坏了，我得找人修理。5. be strict with sb 对某人严格 be strict in sth 在某方面很严格6. be comfortable to do sth 做某事很方便7. be good for 对 . 有好处。 Vegetable and fruit are good for your health.be good at = do well in + n / pre / doing 擅长 . He is good at swimmingbe good to = be friendly to 对 . 很友善。8. have an opportunity to d
36、o sth 有机会做某事。9.语法：不定代词(1) some / any 均为 “ 一些 ” ， + 可、不可数名词; some 一般用于肯定， any 多用于否定或疑问句。 但在疑问句中，当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议时应用 some. -Would you like some coffee ? -Yes ， please. / No ， thanks(2)many / much many + 可数名词 much + 不可数名词 都可与 so ， too ， as ， how 搭配。(1) either / neither either 指两者其一 neither 指两者都不e
37、ither.or. 不是 就是 . neither.nor. 既不 也不 10. other ， the other ， others ， the others ， another1) other 别的、其他的 2) the other 两者中另一个 one . ， the other. 一个 另一个 3) others 泛指别的人或物 =other + 复数名词 some ， others. 一些 . 另一些 . 4) the others 特指其余剩下的人或物 some. ， the others 一些 . ，其余的 5) another 任何一个， 另一个。(指三者以上中的任何一个)11
38、. get in the way of . 妨碍 .12. On.team . 在 队里 He is on the school soccer team.13. happen 出乎意料的发生 take place 有计划的发生 两者都没有被动语态 this accident has taken place for 5 years.14. be serious about + n/ pre / doing 对 . 很认真15. succeed (in) doing sth 成功地做某事 success n. successful adjUnit 41. 数词 +hundred/thousand/
39、million/billion 几百 / 千 / 百万 / 十亿hundreds/thousands/millions/billions+ of 成百的 / 千的 / 百万的 / 十亿的2.辨析 bring / take / fetch / carry3. If I were you ， Id wear a shirt and tie. If I had a million dollars ， Id buy a big house.If 的用法： 1 )在含有非真实条件句的复合句中，表示一种假设，需用虚拟语气，对现在情况的假设，条件从句中用一般过去时( be 动词勇 were )，主句用 wo
40、uld/should/could + V 原 If they were here ， they would help you.2 )如果假设情况可能发生，句子用陈述语气，条件从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时。 If he comes ， Ill bring him a present. If it rains tomorrow ， we wont have a picnic.4. invite sb to somewhere. invite sb to do sth5. 辨析 borrow / lend / keepborrow from. (主语)借进 I borrowed books fro
41、m school library.lend.to . (主语)借出 Could you lend your dictionary to me?keep 借并保存一段时间(常用于完成时 for ， since 与搭配，代替 borrow )Ive kept this story book for a month ， and I didnt return it .6. 许多。 (1) a lot of ， lots of ， some ， plenty of 既可修饰可数，也可修饰不可数名词。 (2) a number of + 可数名词复数 +V 复 “ 大量的 ” A number of tr
42、ees are cut down. (3) the number of + 可数名词复数 +V 三单 “. 的数量 ” The number of students in our class is 52.(4) amount of ， much ， a little ， little ， a bit of ， a deal of + 不可数名词 + V 三单 (5) many ， a few ， few + 可数名词复数 +V 复7. (rather) than 其后动词的形式，与前面动词的形式保持一致。I like singing than dancing. 宁愿做 而不愿做 .1 ) wo
43、uld rather do sth than do sth. 2 ) would like to do sth ， than do sth 3 ) prefer to do sth rather than do sth 4 ) prefer doing to doing8. 害怕做某事 be afraid of doing sth = be terrified of doing sth = be scared of doing sth be afraid to do sth9. win 赢得比赛、致词、地位、荣誉 beat 击败某人、某队10.辨别 noise 噪音 Dont make any
44、 noise ! voice 人的嗓音 He has a good voice. sound 泛指各种声音 The sound of car is too loud.11. taste v. 品尝，尝起来 n. 味道，品味 系动词 taste ， smell ， look ， sound ， feel + adj12. 语法。 Give sb sth = give sth to sb 这种结构的动词还有：(加 to 的) give ， show ， send ， bring ， pass ， lend ， tell(加 for 的) make ， buy ， do ， have ， cook
45、， find ， singEg: I bought a gift for her. = I bought her a gift She lent me a book = She lent a book to me.Unit 51. -Whose book is this? -It must /might / cant /could be sbs belong to sb.2. Its +adj + that . Its necessary /clear/important that.Its+adj+ to do sth its important/ necessary to work hard.find/ think + it +adj + to do sth. I found it difficult to remember English words.3. 对 感到担心。 be anxious
