考城隍(Chenghuang)知识点梳理汇总.docx

上传人:李司机 文档编号:6208483 上传时间:2023-10-05 格式:DOCX 页数:11 大小:25.12KB
返回 下载 相关 举报
考城隍(Chenghuang)知识点梳理汇总.docx_第1页
第1页 / 共11页
考城隍(Chenghuang)知识点梳理汇总.docx_第2页
第2页 / 共11页
考城隍(Chenghuang)知识点梳理汇总.docx_第3页
第3页 / 共11页
考城隍(Chenghuang)知识点梳理汇总.docx_第4页
第4页 / 共11页
考城隍(Chenghuang)知识点梳理汇总.docx_第5页
第5页 / 共11页
点击查看更多>>
资源描述

《考城隍(Chenghuang)知识点梳理汇总.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《考城隍(Chenghuang)知识点梳理汇总.docx(11页珍藏版)》请在三一办公上搜索。

1、考城隍(Chenghuang)予姊丈之祖宋公,讳煮,邑縻生(XiUCai)。一日病卧,见吏人持牒,牵白颠马来,云:“请赴试。”公言:“文宗未临,何遽得考?”吏不言,但敦促之。公力病乘马从去,路甚生疏,至一城郭,如王者都。移时入府廨(Yamen),宫室壮丽。上坐十余官,都不知何人,惟关壮缪可识。檐下设几、墩各二,先有一秀才坐其末,公便与连肩。几上各有笔札。俄题纸飞下,视之有八字,云:“一人二人,有心无心。”二公文成,呈殿上。公文中有云:“有心为善,虽善不赏。无心为恶,虽恶不罚。”诸神传赞不已。召公上,谕曰:“河南缺一城隍,君称其职。”公方悟,顿首泣曰:“辱膺宠命,何敢多辞?但老母七旬,奉养无人,

2、请得终其天年,惟听录用。”上一帝王像者,即命稽母寿籍。有长须吏捧册翻阅一过,白:“有阳算九年。”共踌躇间,关帝曰:“不妨令张生摄篆九年,瓜代可也。”乃谓公:“应即赴任,今推仁孝之心,给假九年。及期当复相召。”又勉励秀才数语。二公稽首并下。秀才握手,送诸郊野,自言长山张某。以诗赠别,都忘其词,中有“有花有酒春常在,无烛无灯夜自明”之句。公既骑,乃别而去,及抵里,豁若梦寤。时卒已三日,母闻棺中呻吟,扶出,半日始能语。问之长山,果有张生于是日死矣。后九年,母果卒,营葬既毕,浣濯入室而没。其岳家居城中西门里,忽见公镂膺朱幢,舆马甚众。登其堂,一拜而行。相共惊疑,不知其为神,奔询乡中,则已殁矣。公有自记

3、小传,惜乱后无存,此其略耳。我姐夫的祖父宋先生,名煮,原是本城的一位秀才。有一天,他生病躺在床上,忽然,看到一名衙门的公差,手里拿着一张通知单,牵着一匹头上有白毛的马走来。对他说:“请你去参加考试!”宋先生说:“主考的学台老爷没有到,怎么能突然进行考试呢?”差人也不回答,只是不断地催促他。宋先生只好勉强骑上马,跟随他去。走的路都是非常陌生的,不久,他们便来到一座城市,如同帝王所居住的京城一样。不多时,他们进入一座衙门。宫殿建筑宏伟华丽,堂上坐着十多位官员,都不知道是些什么人,其中只有关帝是认识的。衙门的殿廊下摆着桌、凳各两个。已经有一位秀才坐在那里的下位上。宋先生便与他肩并肩坐下。每张桌子上都

4、有笔和纸。一会,便送下有题目的卷纸来,一看上面写着八个字:“一人二人,有心无心。”他们俩把文章做成后便呈送上去。宋先生的文章中有句话,说:“有的人故意去做好事,虽然是做了好事,但不应给他奖励;有的人不是故意做坏事,虽然做了坏事,也可以不处罚他。”各位官员在传阅中不住地称赞。他们便把宋先生召唤到殿堂上去,对他说:“河南那个地方,缺一位城隍,你去担任这个职务很合适。”宋先生一听,这时才开始明白过来,连忙跪下去,一边叩头一边哭着说:“我能得到这样荣耀的任命,怎么敢再三推辞呢?但我的70多岁的老母,身边无人奉养。请你们允许在她去世之后,我再听从你们的任用J堂上一位好象是帝王样的人,立即命令查看他母亲的

5、寿禄。有一位留着胡子的官吏,捧着记载人寿禄的册子看了一遍,说道:“她还有阳寿九年。”他们听后正在犹豫不决,想不出办法时,关帝说:“没有什么关系,让姓张的先代理九年,到了期限,他再去。”于是,堂上人对宋先生说:“本应该让你立即到任的,今从仁爱孝敬之心考虑,给你九年的假,到了期限还得叫你去J说完,又对那位秀才勉励了几句。二位先生叩头后走下殿来,秀才拉着宋先生的手,一直送到郊外,并自我介绍说:“我是长山地方人,姓张。还将自己做的诗赠给宋先生留作纪念。可是,宋先生把整首诗忘记了,只记得中间有“有花有酒春常在,无蜡无灯夜自明”两句。宋先生骑上马就告辞而去,当他回到村里时,就好象是从梦中醒过来一样。可是到

6、这时,他已经是死去三天啦。宋先生的母亲听到棺材里有呻吟声,便赶快把他从里面扶出来。过了好半天,宋先生才能说出话来。他打听长山那个地方,果然有姓张的这个人,已经在那天死去了。自此以后的第9年,宋先生的母亲果然到时候便死去了。丧事发送完毕之后,宋先生洗完了澡,走进屋子里也死了。宋先生的丈人家住在城中西门里,忽然,看到宋先生一身新官服,身后跟随着许多车马人员。丈人家里人都非常惊奇,不知宋先生已经成了神,做了城隍。他们急忙跑到宋先生家里去打听消息,原来,宋先生已经死去了。宋老先生自己记有小传,可惜战乱后没有保存下来,这只不过是个大概吧。ExaminationforthePositionofChengH

7、uangMr.Song,thegrandfatherofmybrother-in-lawandwhosefirstnamewasTao,wasaLinsheng.(2)Oneday,whenhewaslyinginbedwithsickness,aYachai(3)withanotificationinhand,leadingahorsewithwhiteforehead,said:Pleasetaketheexam/ButMr.Songsaid:Theexaminerhasn,tcomeyet,whyshouldIgotheresoearly7,TheYachaididn,texplaina

8、nything,onlytourgehimtosetout.Mr.Songmountedthehorse,regardlessofillness.Aftergoingbyanunfamiliarroute,theyarrivedatacityseeminglikeacapitalfortheemperor.Afterawhile,hewasledtoamagnificentpalace.TherewereadozenofofficialssitinthehallandMr.SongrecognizednobodybutGuanZhuangmiu.Twosidetableswithseatswe

9、replacedundertheeavesofveranda.AXiucai(5)hadalreadytookhisseat,soMr.Songtookanother.Soontheexaminationpaperflewdown,therewereonlyeightwordsonit-tonepersonortwo,withpurposeornot/Theyhandedonthearticleafterfinishedit.ItcontainedthefollowingexpressioninMr.Song,sarticlefAmandoesgoodthingdeliberatelyshou

10、ldn,tberewardedwhileamandoesbadthingcarelesslycouldbeforgiven.,Afterreadingthat,everyofficialwasfullofpraiseforhisideaandsummonedhimonstagetotellhim/NowweneedaChenghuangforthesouthareaofYellowRiver,andyouarequalifiedfortheposition/Mr.Songsuddenlyrealizedwherehewas,bowedhisheadimmediatelyandwepttSoho

11、noramItotakethisresponsibilityandhowdareIrefuseit?Butconsiderthatmyseventy-yearsoldmotherneedsmetotakecareofher,Ibegyourdisposaltobedelayedtillshepassaway/Amongthemwereamanwholookedlikeaemperor,heaskedanofficialtochecktherestdaysofMr.Song,smother.TheofficialwithlongbeardedbroughttheBookofFateandsear

12、chthroughit,hesaidthatshestillhave9yearstolive.Allofthemhesitated,GuanZhuangmiusaid:Mr.Zhangmightaswelltakethatpositiontemporarily,thenafter9yearscouldMr.Songtakeitover/SohesaidtoMr.Song:tYoushouldhavetakethepositionatonce,butweconsiderofyourfilial,youaregrantedtofulfilltheresponsibilityasasonfirst.

13、After9yearswewillsummonyouagain/HealsoencouragedthatXiucaiwithafewwords.Bothofthecandidatesbowedtheirheadsandleftthepalace.TheXiucaitookMr.Songbythehandandsenthimtooutskirts,introducedhimselfasMr.ZhangwhocamefromChangshan.HegaveMr.Songapoetryatparting.Mr.Songcannotrememberitall,butinitoccurredthisco

14、uplet:Withflowerandwine,springshallneverdie;Nocandlesandlight,thenightalwaysbright/ThefarewellfinallycameasMr.Songmountedthehorse.Whenarrivedhome,hefeltlikethathesuddenlywokeupfromadream.Thenhefoundhimselfdiedthreedaysago.Hismotherheardthegroanandhelpedhimoutofthecoffin,itwasalongtimebeforehecouldsp

15、eak.Mr.SonginquiredaboutChangshan,indeedamancalledMr.Zhangdiedthatday.Nineyearsfled,hismotherdidpassaway.Afterheldherfuneral,Mr.Songtookashowerthendiedinthechamber.Hisfather-in-law,sfamilylivednearinthewestgateofthecounty,andonthatdaytheysuddenlysawMr.Songwearingagoldenrobeandavermilioncrown,withnum

16、erouschariotsandhorsesfollowed.Heenteredthehallandgaveakneelingsaluteandthenleft.Theywereveryastonishedatthis,notknowingthathehadbecomeaChenghuang.TheyhurriedtoaskaroundtheV川agethenknewhewasalreadygone.Mr.Songhadanautobiographywrittenbyhimself,butitwaslostduringthewar.Thisisonlyasummaryofhisstory.ad

17、eitywhoisinchargeofaffairsinacity,atown,oravillage(2)anofficerwhogetsallowancefromgovernmentforhisacademicperformance.(3)anofficialmessenger(4)theposthumousnameofGuanYu,heisageneralintheThreeKingdomperiod.onewhopassedtheimperialexaminationatthecountylevelintheMingandQingdynastiesTheExamforTownGodMyb

18、rotherinlawsgrandfatherwascalledSongTao.Heusedtobeoneofthescholarsinourcity.Oneday,whenheliedonbedbecauseofsickness,hesawapoliceofficerholdingarequisitioncamein,followedbyahorsewhoseheadhadwhitefurs,andsaid,Pleasefollowmetoparticipateinanexam.MrSongsaid,Thechiefexaminerhasntarrived,howcanwestartanex

19、am?Theofficerdidntanswerhim,justurgedhimonandon.Atlast,MrSongrodeonthehorseandfollowedhim.Thewaytheytookwasveryunfamiliar.Afterashorttime,theyarrivedinacitylikethecapitaltheemperorlivedin.Shortly,theycameintoaspectaculardepartment.Thereweremorethantenofficersinitshall.ButMrSongdidntknowwhotheywere,e

20、xceptGuanYu,thegreatheroinChinesehistory.Thedepartmenthastwodesksandtwochairsinitshall.Papersandpenswereonthedesks.Anotherscholarhadalreadysatononeofthem.MrSongwenttositbesidehim.Afterthat,thepapersthathasquestionsweresenttothem.Thequestionwaswhatifamandosomethingdeliberatelyorcarelessly.Thetwomenha

21、ndedontheirpapersaftertheyhadcompletedtheirarticles.MrSongsaidinhisarticle,amandoesgoodthingdeliberatelyshouldntberewardedwhileamandoesbadthingcarelesslycouldbeforgived.Theofficersinthehallpraisedonthiscontinuously,sotheycalledMrSongtothefrontofthehallzandsaidtohim,OneareaofHenandidnthaveatowngodzyo

22、uaresuitableforthisplace.Finally,MrSongunderstoodwhathadhappened.Hekneeledimmediatelyandsaid,crying,HowcouldIrejectthishonorableoppointment?butmyoldmotherisoverseventyyearsoldanddonthaveothermantotakecare.Pleaseallowmetotakethispositionaftermymotherhaspassedaway.Oneofficerseemedlikeanemperor,immedia

23、telyorderedtoconsulttohismothersbookoffake.Oneofficerthathadbeardholdthebookoffakeandsaid,shestillhasnineyearslife.Hearingthis,allmenwereinhesitationandhadnosolution.Atlast,GuanYusaid,Itdoesntmatter.LetMrZhangtakeagencyforhisposition.Afterhismotherhasgone,hecouldacceptthisappiontment.Soofficerssaidt

24、oMrSongYoushouldhavetakenyourpositionimmediately,butyourfilialpietygotyouanineyearsholiday.ThentheypraisedMrZhang.Afterthat,thetwoscholarsbowedandreturnedtothebackofthehall.MrZhangholdMrSong,shandandsawhimoffintheoutskirtsofthecity.MrZhangintroducedhimselfthathecamefromChangshan,andhisfamilynamewasZ

25、hang.HealsogaveMrSonghispoetryaspresent.ButMrSongcantrememberanyofthepoetry.Hecanonlyrememberonewordinit,Withflowersandwine,thespringneverdie;Nocandlesandlight,thenightalwaysbright.MrSongrodeonthehorseandsaidgoodbyetohim.Whenhereturnedtohisvillage,hefeltlikehewaswakeupfromadream.Atthistime,hefounded

26、thathehadbeendiedforthreedays.Whenhismotherheardofthegroanfromthecoffin,shehelpMrSongtogetoutimmediately.Itwasalongtimebeforehecanspoke.ThenhereferedtoChangshan,andknewtherewasreallyamancalledZhangdiedonthatday.Nineyearslater,hismotherreallydied.Afterhismothersfuneral,MrSongtookashower,andgotinhisro

27、om,died.MrSong,sfatherinlawlivedaroundthecity,swestdoor.HisfamilysuddenlysawMrSongwasinamagnificentuniform,followedbyateamofcarriagesandmen.Hevisitedhisfatherinlaw,shome,thenleft.Theywereallsurprised,didn,tknowhehadbecomeatowngod.Theyaskedaroundthevillage,andknewMrSonghadgone.MrSonghadhisautobiograp

28、hy,butwasn,thandedoverthewar.Thisisonlyamainidea.RecordofTranslationProcessTitleoftheText:考城隍SourceLangUage:中文TargetLangUage:英语SubjectoftheText:表现宋生的孝顺SupposedTargetReaders:(未知)FunctionoftheTargetText:让读者能够了解中国文化,尤其是孝ContentoftheText:城中一个叫宋涛的秀才,死后受到赏识,被任命为一方城隍。但出于对母亲的孝心,他恳求在母亲去世后在赴任。关底感动了,答应了他的请求。让他

29、还阳。Style(registered)OftheTeXt:神话小说Difficultiesintranslation:a. Preparatoryphase:查找改篇的现代汉语译文,发现古今有序有差别,所以不能直接对照汉语译文翻译。b. Duringtheprocess:1中国古代较之国外复杂的家族亲属关系较难翻译,如:“予姊丈之祖宋公”2、古代专有名词,需要借助现代汉语理解,再翻译。如:“见吏人持牒”的“牒”3、中国古代诗歌向英文翻译很麻烦,如:“一人二人,有心无心。”本意是有两个人,一个故意,一个无意。但这样翻译显得过于冗杂,所以翻译成了whatifamandosomethingdeli

30、beratelyorcarelessly.4、这篇古文有很多内容是关于死亡的,译文中的英语要注意用词。Solutions:1、亲属翻译可以查到,如姊丈译为brotherinlaw,岳父译为fatherinlaw2、古代专有名词先借助现代汉语理解,在翻译成对应的英语,如“牒”意思是通知,因为requisition4、避讳死亡的英语有很多,如:passawaygonebenomore等Dictionaries,glossariesandinternetresources:百度有道Timeneeded:两个小时汉翻英与传播中国文化汉翻英的过程,给我的总体印象是无知者无畏。我们由于对英文不像对母语那样

31、熟悉,翻译起来反而有些肆无忌惮。再加上英语本身对外来文化的包容性,就使得我们在翻译过程中,犯了一些错误。拼音化的中国专有名词,给我们的印象尤为深刻。像ChenghUang,Xiucai,Yamen,等等。给我们的印象似乎是只要是专有名词都可以拼音化。然而,事实当然不是如此。中国专有名词的拼音进入英语,其实只是近年来的事。像豆腐的英文TOUfU,还有饺子Jiaozi,其实豆腐的英文应该是beanCUrCL而饺子应该是dumplings。这一现象其实是随着中国与国际社会的互动加深而出现的。但这当然不代表所有的汉语拼音都能进入英语之中。因此传播中国文化还是应该本着自愿的原则,不可强求。如果外国人觉得

32、是精髓,就会自己吸收理解,像孔夫子,就被音译成了Confucius,并被广为接受。我们后来看到并为之喝彩的一篇译文还是由外国作者撰写的,里面的府廨就被翻译成了很具现代感的apartment,而非Yameno以此,在一篇中国古文翻译中,泛滥地使用拼音化的专有名词,再在文末加以大量注视的做法是不可取的。外国读者需要完全依赖注视来读懂作品的化,翻译就没有意义了,他们完全可以自己查。因此,中外文化的交流并不是简单的词汇互通,而是更深层次的相互理解,比如思想和文化上的。下面举例:无论是中国还是国外,对于死亡一词都是十分避讳的。例如,在汉语中就有:仙逝,仙游,乘鹤西去,长眠,驾崩,薨,殁(没)等讳语。而与

33、之对比,英语中也有:die,gone,passaway,fulfillonesdestiny,passfromthislifezkickthebucket等。Passaway是对死亡一种较为平和的表达方式,多数情况下对应中文的去世;另一个有趣的情况是描述死亡的gone一词在英语中最初的意思是走,而在汉语中“走了”也有去世的意思,中西方的战士在通报战友的阵亡时都会不约而同地选择走了或gone;而kickthebucket一词在外国文化中则显得略带贬义,相对应的,幽默的中国人也有“翘辫子”这一说。需要明确的是,在等级制度森严的中国古代封建社会,死亡的讳语往往与形容的对象有关,像驾崩,薨显然是用来形容帝王的;而仙游,乘鹤西去则多用来缅怀德高望重的长者;殁(没)的死亡方式大多悲壮,如“没于阵中”用来形容战死沙场的将军再合适不过了。而在西方,死亡往往与宗教联系在一起,如:fulfillonesdestiny,passfromthislife等等。因此,外语学习不仅是要了解外来文化,更是要作为双方沟通的桥梁。因此,我们不能一厢情愿地想去传播中国文化,而应该首先去了解外面的世界,了解如何才能用外国人的方式让他们理解中国。

展开阅读全文
相关资源
猜你喜欢
相关搜索

当前位置:首页 > 生活休闲 > 在线阅读


备案号:宁ICP备20000045号-2

经营许可证:宁B2-20210002

宁公网安备 64010402000987号