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1、Book7 Unit5 Grammar,Non-restrictive attributive clauses非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句的概念：,限制性定语从句对先行词起限制或修饰的作用，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。从句和主句的关系密切，写时不用逗号分开。例如：,This is the soldier who saved the boys life.,先行词,引导词,定语从句,非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作些附加的说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。和主句关系不十分密切，从句和主句之间用逗号分开。eg:Rome has a very long
2、history.罗马是意大利的首都，有着非常悠久的历史。,非限制性定语从句的概念：,which is the capital of Italy,(1)限制性定语从句 His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.他那个当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。(2)非限制性定语从句 His brother,who is now a doctor,always encourages him to go to college.他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（“唯一”概念）,（他还有其他的哥哥）,（他只有
3、一个哥哥）,限制性定语从句常翻译为：“的”非限制性定语从句常翻译为:两个并列分句,1.限制性定语从句和非限制定语从句的区别：,2、运用非限制性定语从句的情况,Charles Smith,who was my former teacher,retired last year.Shanghai,which is in East China,is developing rapidly.His father,who works in Beijing,came back yesterday.,当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常用非限制性定语从句。,关系代词：who,whom,
4、which,whose,as关系副词：when where注意:1)that，why 不能引导非限制性定语从句。2)在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词在从 句中作宾语时不能省略。,3.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词,His mother,_ loves him very much,is strict with him.他的妈妈很爱惜他,对他也很严格。,His wife,_ you met at my home,was a teacher.他的妻子，就是你在我家遇见的那个，是一位老师。,（1）先行词指人，在从句中作主语，引导词用who:,who,（2）先行词指人,在句中作宾语，用whom，不能换成wh
5、o,也不能省略。,whom,3.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词,Her house,_ was built a hundredyears ago,stood still in the earthquake.,（3）先行词指物,在句中作主语或宾语,which,A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages,_ surprises all the people present.,注意：which 引导非限制性定语从句时，有时指代前面整个主句。,which,The girl,_ name is Kate,is the top student in
6、 our school.那个女孩是我们学校最优秀的学生，她的名字叫Kate。The book,_ cover is red,is mine.这本书是我的，它的封面是红色的。,whose,whose,（4）先行词在句中作定语，无论指人或者指物,引导词都用whose:,The sports meeting will be put off till next month，_ we will have made all the preparations.运动会将被推迟到下个月，那时我们做好一切准备。The next day we arrived in New York,_ we were interv
7、iewed on the radio.第二天我们到达纽约，在那里我们接受了电台的采访。,when,（5）先行词在句中作时间状语用when：,（6）先行词在句中作地点状语用where：,where,先行词指人，介词whom 先行词指物，介词which The girl,_ he is familiar,is a football player.The Second World War,_millions of people were killed,ended in 1945.第二次世界大战于1945年结束,它造成数百万人的死亡，,with whom,in which,其他情况非限制性定语从句：,
8、1.介词+关系词 引导非限制性定语从句,2.表示数量的词如all/some/one/both/neither/none/any/either等+of+whom/which 引导非限制性定语从句.,He has told us many stories,all of _ are about the famous Long Match.2.The students of Class 1,some of _ came from Japan,went camping yesterday.,which,whom,as常修饰整个主句，它的位置比较灵活,可置于主句前,中，后。(which 只能放在主句的后面
9、)常见as结构有：as is well known,as we know,as we can see,as we expect。1)._ I expected,he didnt believe me.正如我所预料的,他不相信我。2).Yesterday Mr.Green quarreled with his wife,_surprised us.昨天格林先生同妻子吵架了,这让我们很惊奇。,As,which,3.关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句,但是当非限制性定语从句的谓语是否定形式时，通常用which引导,而不用as。e.g.:He got the first place in the co
10、mpetition,_I hadnt expected.他在竞赛中荣获第一，这是我不曾预料的。,which,关系代词：_ _ _ _ _关系副词：_ _(非限制性定语从句中不用关系词 _ _；非限制性定语从句中关系词不能省略),非限制性定语从句中通常使用下列关系代词和副词,Conclusion,which,who,whom,whose,as,when,where,that,why,1.The famous basketball star,_ comes from America,will visit our school soon.2.In those days,she used to go
11、to Mr black,with _ she had a wonderful time.3.Alice received an invitation from her boss,_ she admired and respected very much.4.He will come to see me next July,_ he wont be so busy.5.The school,_ I once studied,was built thirty years ago.6.John said hed been working in the office for an hour,_ was
12、 true.,whom,who,非限制性定语从句专项练习一：,whom,where,when,which,7._ is expected,the England team won the football match.8.I have many friends,some of _ are businessmen.9.The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors,most of _ are beyond our control.10.This is Mr.Li,in _ car we came to the e
13、xhibition.11.Jim passed the college entrance exams,_ surprised everyone.,whom,which,whose,which,As,二：用非限制性定语从句翻译句子。那个女孩是我们学校最优秀的学生，她的名字叫凯特。2.运动会将被推迟到下个月,那时我们将做好一切准备。,The girl,whose name is Kate,is the top student in our school.,The sports meeting will be put off till next month,when we will have mad
14、e all the preparations.,3.第二天我们到达纽约,在那里我们接受了电台的采访。4.约翰有音乐天赋,他是一个5岁大的孩子。,The next day we arrived in New York,where we were interviewed on the radio.,John,who is five,has a talent for music.,1.Dont talk about the things of _ you are not sure.2.Is this the factory _ you visited the other day?3.Is this
15、the factory _ he worked ten years ago?4.The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found.5.That tree,_ branches are almost bare,is very old.6.I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing.7.Mr.Black is going to Beijing in October,_ is the best season there.,which,which,综合练习一：,where,whose,w
16、hich,as,which,8.He failed in the examination,_ made his father very angry.9.Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night.10.Those _ learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.11.We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou,
17、_ live my grandparents and some relatives.12.Who can think of a situation _ this idiom can be used?13.The two things _ _ they felt very proud are Jims gold watch and Dellas hair.14.The battery _ _ the robot toys were connected failed to work last night.,that,which,who,where,where,of which,to which,1
18、5.The professor has two sons,both of _ are teaching in the same university.16.The film brought the hours back to me _I was taken good care of in that remote village.17.There was a time _ there were slaves in the USA.18.It is the third time _you have made the same mistake.19.The Science Museum,_ we v
19、isited during a recent trip to Britain,is one of Londons tourist attractions.20.The house _ roof needs repairing,belongs to my aunt.,when,whom,when,which,that,whose,综合练习二.合并定语从句1.Peter danced and sang all evening.People used to think Peter quiet.2.Sharon gave me a picture for my birthday.She had pai
20、nted it especially for me.,Peter,whom people used to think quiet,danced and sang all evening.,Sharon gave me a picture which she had painted especially for me for my birthday.,3.The operation was performed in a famous hospital.The operation improved my grandfathers hearing.4.I saw many historical si
21、tes when I went on a tour round China.It was very exciting.,The operation which improved my grandfathers hearing was performed in a famous hospital.,I saw many historical sites when I went on atour around China,which was very exciting.,5.The lab is not far from here.The chemist often does experiment
22、s there.6.My brother Jim is working in Paris.Paris is the capital of France.,The lab where the chemist often does experiments is not far from here.,My brother Jim is working in Paris,which is the capital of France.,7.Anne should not be going to America next year.Her daughter is in my class.8.He went on a bus tour with a group of people.Most of them had never traveled before.,Anne,whose daughter is in my class,should not be going to America next year,He went on a bus tour with a group of people,most of whom had never travelled before.,
