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1、Unit 4 Oxford,新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材（修订版）高级英语1电子教案,Contents,Detailed Reading,Warm Up,Global Reading,Consolidation Activities,Further Enhancement,Text Appreciation,Section 1:Warm Up,Look at the two pictures,and answer the following questions.,1.How will you describe the town in the pictures?2.Do you like
2、 the town?Why or why not?,Lead-in,Background Information,Section 1:Warm Up,Expressions you might use for describing the pictures:Splendid,poetical,graceful,mysterious,picturesque,peaceful,stately,grave,dignity,charm,solemn,quaint,paradise,classical,Gothic,dreamland,Lead-in,Background Information,Sec
3、tion 1:Warm Up,About the Author Arthur Christopher Benson(1862-1925)was an English essayist,poet and author,and the 28th Master of Magdalene College,Cambridge.His poems and volumes of essays,such as From a College Window,and The Upton Letters(essays in the form of letters)were famous in his day;and
4、he left one of the longest diaries ever written,some four million words.,1862-1925,Background Information,Lead-in,Section 1:Warm Up,Today,he is best remembered as the author of the words to one of Britains best-loved patriotic songs,“Land of Hope and Glory”,and as a brother to novelists E.F.Benson a
5、nd Robert Hugh Benson,and to Egyptologist Margaret Benson.,Background Information,Lead-in,Section 1:Warm Up,About Oxford Oxford is a city in central southern England,and home of the University of Oxford.The city is the county town of Oxfordshire,and has a population of just under 165,000.Oxford has
6、a diverse economic base.Its industries include motor manufacturing,education,publishing and a large number of information technology and science-based businesses.,Background Information,Lead-in,Section 1:Warm Up,Buildings in Oxford demonstrate an example of every English architectural period since t
7、he arrival of the Saxons,including the iconic,mid-18th century Radcliffe Camera.Oxford is known as the“city of dreaming spires”,a term coined by poet Matthew Arnold in reference to the harmonious architecture of Oxfords university buildings.The University of Oxford is the oldest university in the En
8、glish-speaking world.,Background Information,Lead-in,Section 2:Global Reading,What is the text mainly about?,Structural Analysis,Main Idea,In this highly emotional yet well-elaborated essay,the author expresses his enthusiastic praises of Oxford,first about the beauty of the buildings in Oxford,then
9、 about the beauty of its inner spirit.,Section 2:Global Reading,Please divide the text into 3 parts and summarize themain idea of each part.,Structural Analysis,Main Idea,Part I,(Paragraph 1)Introduction,In Paragraph 1,the author first states that praiseworthy things need not be praised,but abruptly
10、 discloses his purpose of writing this article,i.e.to praise Oxford;thus emphasizing the beauty of this city.,Structural Analysis,Main Idea,Part III,(Paragraphs 6-7)The Pure Spirit of Oxford,Paragraphs 6-7 illustrate the spirit of Oxford as enabling people to live a life both of simplicity and digni
11、ty,making the life full of hope,sensation and emotion,and holding out a hope of affecting the intellectual and spiritual life of the world.,Part II,(Paragraphs 2-5)The Beauty of and the Authors Feelings about the Buildings in Oxford,Paragraphs 2-5 are about the authors feelings towards the buildings
12、 of Oxford.He praises the beauty of the oldness and the shabby appearance of Oxford buildings,relates the feeling caused by the blackness of the buildings,and discusses the spirit reflected by the buildings of Oxford.,Section 2:Global Reading,Section 3:Detailed Reading,1 There are certain things in
13、the world that are so praiseworthy that it seems a needless,indeed an almost laughable thing to praise them;such things are love and friendship,food and sleep,spring and summer;such things,too,are the wisest books,the greatest pictures,the noblest cities.But for all that I mean to try and make a lit
14、tle hymn in prose in honour of Oxford,a city I have seen but seldom,and which yet appears to me one of the most beautiful things in the world.,Oxford,QUESTION,Section 3:Detailed Reading,2 I do not wish to single out particular buildings,but to praise the whole effect of the place,such as it seemed t
15、o me on a day of bright sun and cool air,when I wandered hour after hour among the streets,bewildered and almost intoxicated with beauty,feeling as a poor man might who has pinched all his life,and made the most of single coins,and who is brought into the presence of a heap of piled-up gold,and told
16、 that it is all his own.3 I have seen it said in foolish books that it is a misfortune to Oxford that so many of the buildings have been built out of,QUESTION,Section 3:Detailed Reading,so perishable a vein of stone.It is indeed a misfortune in one respect,that it tempts men of dull and precise mind
17、s to restore and replace buildings of incomparable grace,because their outline is so exquisitely blurred by time and decay.I remember myself,as a child,visiting Oxford,and thinking that some of the buildings were almost shamefully ruinous of aspect;now that I am wiser I know that we have in these ba
18、ttered and fretted palace-fronts a kind of beauty that fills the mind with an almost despairing sense of loveliness,till the heart aches with gratitude,and thrills with the desire to proclaim the glory of the sight aloud.,Section 3:Detailed Reading,4 These black-fronted blistered facades,so threaten
19、ing,so sombre,yet screening so bright and clear a current of life;with the tender green of budding spring trees,chestnuts full of silvery spires,glossy-leaved creepers clinging,with tiny hands,to cornice and parapet,give surely the sharpest and most delicate sense that it is possible to conceive of
20、the contrast on which the essence of so much beauty depends.To pass through one of these dark and smoke-stained courts,with every line mellowed and harmonised,as if it had grown up so out of the earth;to find oneself in a sunny pleasaunce,carpeted with,Section 3:Detailed Reading,velvet turf,and set
21、thick with flowers,makes the spirit sigh with delight.Nowhere in the world can one see such a thing as those great gate-piers,with a cognisance a-top,with a grille of iron-work between them,all sweetly entwined with some slim vagrant creeper,that give a glimpse and a hintno moreof a fairy-land of sh
22、elter and fountains within.I have seen such palaces stand in quiet and stately parks,as old,as majestic,as finely proportioned as the buildings of Oxford;but the very blackness of the city air,and the drifting smoke of the town,gives that added touch of grimness and,Section 3:Detailed Reading,myster
23、y that the country airs cannot communicate.And even fairer sights are contained within;those panelled,dark-roofed halls,with their array of portraits gravely and intently regarding the strangers;the chapels,with their splendid classical screens and stalls,rich and dim with ancient glass.The towers,d
24、omes,and steeples;and all set not in a mere paradise of lawns and glades,but in the very heart of a city,itself full of quaint and ancient houses,but busy with all the activity of a brisk and prosperous town;thereby again giving the strong and satisfying sense of contrast,the sense of eager and ever
25、y-day,Section 3:Detailed Reading,cares and pleasures,side by side with these secluded havens of peace,the courts and cloister,where men may yet live a life of gentle thought and quiet contemplation,untroubled,nay,even stimulated,by the presence of a bustling life so near at hand,which yet may not in
26、trude upon the older dream.5 I do not know whether my taste is entirely trustworthy,but I confess that I find the Italianate and classical buildings of Oxford finer than the Gothic buildings.The Gothic buildings are quainter,perhaps,about the classical picturesque,but there is an air of solemn pomp
27、and sober dignity about the,Section 3:Detailed Reading,classical buildings that harmonises better with the sense of wealth and grave security that is so characteristic of the place.The Gothic buildings seem a survival,and have thus a more romantic interest,a more poetical kind of association.But the
28、 classical porticos and facades seem to possess a nobler dignity,and to provide a more appropriate setting for modern Oxford;because the spirit of Oxford is more the spirit of the Renaissance than the spirit of the Schoolmen;and personally I prefer that ecclesiasticism should be more of a flavour th
29、an a temper;Schoolmen I mean that though I rejoice to think that,Section 3:Detailed Reading,sober ecclesiastical influences contribute a serious grace to the life of Oxford,yet I am glad to feel that the spirit of the place is liberal rather than ecclesiastical.Such traces as one sees in the chapels
30、 of the Oxford Movement,in the shape of paltry stained glass,starred reredoses,modern Gothic woodwork,would be purely deplorable from the artistic point of view,if they did not possess a historical interest.They speak of interrupted development,an attempt to put back the shadow on the dial,to return
31、 to a narrower and more rigid tone,to put old wine into new bottles,which betrays a want of confidence in the,Section 3:Detailed Reading,expansive power of God.I hate with a deep-seated hatred all such attempts to bind and confine the rising tide of thought.I want to see religion vital and not forma
32、l,elastic and not cramped by precedent and tradition.And thus I love to see worship enshrined in noble classical buildings,which seem to me to speak of a desire to infuse the intellectual spirit of Greece,the dignified imperialism of Rome into the more timid and secluded ecclesiastical life,making i
33、t fuller,larger,more free,more deliberate.,QUESTION,Section 3:Detailed Reading,6 But even apart from the buildings,which are after all but the body of the place,the soul of Oxford,its inner spirit,is what lends it its satisfying charm.On the one hand,it gives the sense of the dignity of the intellec
34、t;one reflects that here can be lived lives of stately simplicity,of high enthusiasm,apart from personal wealth,and yet surrounded by enough of seemly dignity to give life the charm of grave order and quiet solemnity.Here are opportunities for peaceful and congenial work,to the sound of mellodious b
35、ells;uninterrupted hours,as much society of a simple kind as a man can desire,and the,Section 3:Detailed Reading,whole with a background of exquisite buildings and rich gardens.And then,too,there is the tide of youthful life that floods every corner of the place.It is an endless pleasure to see the
36、troops of slim and alert young figures,full of enjoyment and life,with all the best gifts of life,health,work,amusement,society,friendship,lying ready to their hand.The sense of this beating and thrilling pulse of life circulating through these sombre and splendid buildings is what gives the place i
37、ts inner glow;this life full of hope,of sensation,of emotion,not yet shadowed or disillusioned or weary,seems to be as the fire on,Section 3:Detailed Reading,the altar,throwing up its sharp darting tongues of flame,its clouds of fragrant smoke,giving warmth and significance and a fiery heart to a so
38、mbre shrine.7 And so it is that Oxford is in a sort a magnetic pole for England;a pole not,perhaps,of intellectual energy,or strenuous liberalism,or clamorous aims,or political ideas;few,perhaps,of the sturdy forces that make England potently great,centre there.The greatness of England is,I suppose,
39、made up by her breezy,loud-voiced sailors,her lively,plucky soldiers,her ardent,undefeated merchants,her tranquil,Section 3:Detailed Reading,administrators;by the stubborn adventurous spirit that makes itself at home everywhere,and finds it natural to assume responsibilities.But to Oxford set the cu
40、rrents of what may becalled intellectual emotion,the ideals that may not make for immediate national greatness,but which,if delicately and faithfully nurtured,hold out at least a hope of affecting the intellectual and spiritual life of the world.There is something about Oxford which is not in the le
41、ast typical of England,but typical of the larger brotherhood that is independent of nationalities;that is akin to the spirit which in,Section 3:Detailed Reading,any land and in every age has produced imperishable monuments of the ardent human soul.The tribe of Oxford is the tribe from whose heart sp
42、rang the Psalms of David;Homer and Sophocles,Plato and Virgil,Dante and Goethe are all of the same divine company.It may be said that John Bull,the sturdy angel of England,turns his back slightingly upon such influences;that he regards Oxford as an incidental ornament of his person,like a seal that
43、jingles at his fob.But all generous and delicate spirits do her a secret homage,as a place where the seeds of beauty and emotion,of wisdom and,Section 3:Detailed Reading,understanding,are sown,as in a secret garden.Hearts such as these,even whirling past that celestial city,among her poor suburbs,fe
44、el an inexpressible thrill at the sight of her towers and domes,her walls and groves.Quam dilecta sunt tabernacula,they will say;and they will breathe a reverent prayer that there may be no leading into captivity and no complaining in her streets.,QUESTION,ACTIVITY,Section 3:Detailed Reading,In what
45、 way does the author bring Oxford city into discussion?(Paragraph 1),He starts with things very general,noble,important,and familiar,such as love,friendship,food,seasons,etc.,all of which are beyond peoples praise.And by a sudden turn he leads Oxford city in,implicitly juxtaposing Oxford with all th
46、e former noble things,and arousing readers interest in the city.,Section 3:Detailed Reading,Why does the author say he does not wish to single out particular buildings,but to praise the whole effect of the place?(Paragraph 2),It is because a detailed description of particular buildings may turn the
47、essay into an ordinary piece of travel notes,which is appropriate to recording information or expressing emotion,but not to conducting abstract and metaphysical thinking.In praising the whole effect of the place,the author would feel it convenient to lead the writing into his intended direction,that
48、 is,to abstract the spirit of Oxford.,Section 3:Detailed Reading,Why does the author like the classical buildings of Oxford better than the Gothic buildings?(Paragraph 5),The Gothic buildings may be more attractive so far as their classical beauty is concerned.Yet since they are closely connected wi
49、th the Middle Ages,they might easily bring into peoples mind the image of the Dark Age,a period of time when the Church forbade people,by its cruel dominance,to seek knowledge other than what it offered them,whereas the classical buildings are associated with the Renaissance time,a period succeeding
50、 Medieval,Section 3:Detailed Reading,time when human nature was liberated and the dignity of human beings greatly enhanced.They look“solemn”and“sober”,which reminds people of“reason”characterizing the Renaissance time,and matches well the sense of wealth and grave security of the city.What is repres
