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1、,动词不定式考点,一、考查动词不定式的基本构成,试题精选1.My mother often asks me_ _early.(2003年北京)A.get up B.got up C.getting up D.to get up2.The teacher told her students _in public.(2003年黑龙江)A.not to shout B.didnt shout C.not shout D.to not shout,D,A,考点分析动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,不受人称和数的变化限制,它由“不定式符号(to)+动词原形”构成。其否定式常在to前加not或never构
2、成,句型ask/tell sb.（not）to do sth.是中考命题的热点。,二、考查动词不定式作主语,试题精选1._is difficult to work on the Great Wall.(2002年甘肃省)A.this B.It C.That D.Its2.Its nice_you_me with my maths.(2002年深圳市)A.for;to help B.for;helpingC.of;to help D.of;helping,B,C,考点分析动词不定式作主语时,常用it作为形式主语,而将不定式后置。如要说明动词不定式的动作的执行者,可在不定式前加一个介词for引导的
3、短语;但如果表语是kind,nice,clever等描述动作执行者的性格。品质的形容词时,则应在不定式前加一个of引导的短语,而不可用for引导的短语。Its+adj+for sb to do sth.Its nice(kind,clever)of sb to do sth,三、考查动词不定式作宾语,试题精选1.They decided _at the end of this month.(2002年济南市)A.to leave B.goingC.travel D.not start out2.All of us found _difficult to work out the maths p
4、roblem.A.what B.that C.which D.it 3.Please stop _a rest if you feel tired.(2002年南宁市)A.to have B.havingC.have D.has,A,D,A,考点分析一些动词,如decide,hope,ask等,常接动词不定式作宾语。当动词不定式作宾语时,如果后接宾语补足语,常用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后,其句型结构为:主语+谓语+it+宾语补足语+动词不定式(短语)?特别是,有些动词(短语)后面可接动词不定式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,但所表达的意义不同,对此,应该弄清楚它们的区别。常见
5、的这类动词(短语)有:remember/forget to do sth.记住/忘记要做某事;remember/forget doing sth.记得/忘记曾做过某事?stop to do sth.停下来(正在做的事)去做另一件事;stop doing sth.停止正在做的事。go on to do sth.做完一件事后,继续做另一件事;go on doing sth.继续做某事。,四、考查动词不定式作定语,试题精选1.Theres enough bird food _for a month.(2001年山西省)A.to last B.lastC.lasts D.lasted2.She has
6、 no paper_.(2001年重庆市)A.to write B.to write with C.write on D.to write on,A,D,考点分析动词不定式作后置定语时,与被修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。若动词不定式是不及物动词时,则要带上与之搭配的介词,构成及物动词短语。动词不定式作后置定语,常用于have+某事+to do或enough+名词+to do结构中。,五、考查动词不定式作宾语补足语,1.Mother asked me _some fruit after supper.A.buy B.bought C.buying D.to buy2.Let him _a res
7、t.I think he must be tired after the long walk.(2003年济南市)A.have B.gets C.to take D.has3.It was raining heavily outside.The father made the children _in the room.(2003年桂林市)A.to stay B.stay C.staying D.stayed4.-I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhangs home just now.-Yes,she is often seen _the old man with his
8、 housework.(2003年呼和浩特市)A.help B.to helpC.helps D.helped,D,A,B,B,考点分析有些动词,如teach,want,tell等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,即构成teach/want/tell sb.to do sth.结构。但是,动词不定式作使役动词及感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to。这些动词可归纳为一感(feel),二听(listen to,hear),三让(let,have和make),四看(look at,see,watch,notice)。;在动词help后面作宾语补足语时,to可有可无。,注意:以上省略to的动词不定式,在
9、被动语态中都必须加上to,但let不能用于被动语态。,特殊情况：,1.had better(not)do sth.2.help sb.(to)do sth.3.make let sb.do sth.4.see hear watch sb.do sth.*see hearwatch sb.doing sth.,例句：,1、你最好不要吸烟。You had better not smoke.2、我们经常帮她提水。We often help her(to)carry water.3、他老是使我发笑。He always makes me laugh.4、我经常听见他唱歌。I often hear him
10、 sing.,六、考查动词不定式作状语,1.Yesterday morning I got up early_be late for the exam.(2002年上海市)A.in order to B.in order to not C.so as not to D.so as to2.Lets _so as not _late for the meeting.A.to hurry,to B.to hurry,to be C.hurry,to be D.hurry,be,C,C,考点分析动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词,表示目的,也可以表示结果或原因。为了强调目的,有时可以把动词不定式放在句
11、首,或在不定式前面加in order或so as。如果不定式为否定形式,要用in order not to.或so as not to.。,七、考查连接代(副)词+动词不定式结构的用法,1.Theres no difference between the two words.I really dont know_.(2003年河南)A.what to choose B.which to chooseC.to choose which D.to choose what2.The students of Class One will spend their winter holiday in Sh
12、enzhen,but the students of Class Two havent decided_.(2003年广东省)A.what to buy B.how to goC.where to go D.which to choose3._the computer is a problem.A.How to use B.What to useC.Which to use D.Where to use,B,C,A,考点分析在英语中有些动词,如ask,decide,tell,know等后可接疑问代(副)词+动词不定式作宾语,以此对宾语从句进行简化。,注意:进行简化的条件是主句中的主语和从句的主
13、语必须是同一人称。此外,动词不定式还可以和what,where,how,when,which等连接代词(副词)连用,在句中作主语。,八、考查固定句式中动词不定式的用法,试题精选1.-You look rather tired._stop to take a rest?-All right.But Ill have to work for a few more minutes.(2002年呼和浩特市)A.Why not B.Do you C.What about D.How about2.The TV set is too loud.Will you please_?(2002年哈尔滨市)A.t
14、urn down it B.turn it downC.to turn it down D.to turn down it,A,B,考点分析各地中考试题在固定句式中对动词不定式的考查常见的有:had better(not)do sth.意为最好(不)做某事。Why not do sth.?意为为什么不做。Will/Would you please(not)do sth.。意为请你(不要)好吗。,巩固练习单项选择。,1.Youd better _your coat.Its cold outside.A.put on B.to put on C.putting on D.puts on 2.We
15、began _English five years ago.A.learn B.learned C.to learn D.to be learned 3.The Frenchman didnt know _this word in Chinese.A.how to tell B.how sayC.how to say D.how talk4.His mother made him_ _the floor every day.A.sweeps B.to sweepC.sweeping D.sweep,A,C,C,D,5.She was heard _an English song in her
16、room last night.A.sing B.sang C.to sing D.singing6.Peter asked me _him with his chemistry.A.help B.helping C.helped D.to help7.It is good for us _morning exercises.A.do B.to do C.did D.done,C,D,B,8.The teacher told us _in bed.A.dont read B.read not C.to not read D.not to read9.Its too early.Why _a r
17、est with us?A.not have B.not havingC.not to have D.didnt have10.The old woman was_ angry _say a word.A.so,that B.as,asC.too,to D very,to,D,A,C,总结：一般情况下当句中第二次出现动词的时候用to do 的形式,特殊情况；1.表示使让的动词加动词原形make,let,have+v2.感官动词see,hear,watch+,do 表示反复发生的动作或已经发生的动作 doing表示当时动作正在进行,3.enjoy,finish,practice,keep,mind+v-ing feel like,be busy,consider,be/get used to,make a contribution to+doing have some problems/difficult/fun+doing sth,
