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1、Credit Reporting by Micro Lending Institutions in South Africa南非小额贷款机构的征信制度,Agenda,brief background to CompuScan CompuScan的背景简介an overview of MCIs in South Africa 南非小额贷款机构概览 the credit information that we provide 我们提供的信用信息MCI reporting requirements 小额贷款机构的征信要求registry consultation pricing 征信局咨询定价the
2、 information system 信息系统support and training needs of MCIs 小额贷款机构需要支持和培训the benefit to borrowers 对借款者的好处and the future outlook.未来展望,Background on CompuScan 背景简介,CompuScan is a credit reporting and risk information company for Micro Credit Institutions(MCIs)CompuScan是针对小额贷款机构征信和风险信息管理的公司We provide MC
3、Is with credit information,systems,methodologies and training to manage sustainable credit operations,and share borrower information in order to avoid borrower over-indebtedness and reckless credit granting 我们向小额贷款机构提供信用信息、系统、方法及训练来维持信贷业务，与借款者分享信息以避免借款者过度借债以及不计后果的授信。CompuScan was formally establishe
4、d in 1995 and has become the leader in its field,CompuScan于1995年正式成立，现在已经成为征信领域的佼佼者了。Operating throughout 业务遍及南非、纳米比亚、博茨瓦纳We develop,host and manage information technology(IT)requirements in-house.In 1999,Compuscan was awarded the“Sun and Oracle”partner of the year award 我们在公司内部开发并管理信息技术 1999年，公司被授予
5、“太阳神灵”称号,South Africa Namibia Botswana,MCIs in South Africa 南非的小额贷款机构,MCIs are consumer finance companies that provide unsecured small cash loans not exceeding R10 000(US$1515.15)to borrowers within government controlled regulations R10 000(US$1515.15)小额贷款机构是消费者金融公司，它们在政府控制的法规范围内向借款者提供无担保的小额现金贷款，其额度
6、不超过10 000 兰特(1515.15美元)The micro credit industry estimated annual turnover between 20 and 30 billion Rand(3.03 and 4.55 billion US$)估计每年的小额信贷总额为200到300亿兰特(30.3 到 45.5 亿美元）MCIs that provide micro credit:提供小额贷款的机构,Banks and private MCI are for-profit and up the biggest market share of the micro credit
7、 industry 银行和私营小额贷款机构是赢利性的，占据了小额贷款市场的最大份额The NGOs/Non-Profits provides small loans to micro/small businesses and only makes up a small percentage(approximately 1-2%)of the market 非政府组织或非盈利性机构也向小型企业提供小额贷款，但只占据市场的一小部分，约为12The micro credit industry has a 5-8%market share of the total consumer credit in
8、dustry in South Africa 小额贷款占据了南非总的消费者贷款的58,MCIs in South Africa 南非的小额贷款机构,Compuscan,Main consumer CRTransunion ITC主要消费者征信局 环联ITC,Main consumer CRExperian 主要消费者征信局 益百利,Managed/synchronised,Socio-Demo.Data&Public RegistriesE.g.courts,liens,Credit information provided to MCIs 向小额贷款机构提供的信用信息,MCI&Consume
9、r data,Merchants商业企业,Banks/Larger MCIs银行/较大的小额贷款机构,3000 MCI subscribers+_50%of MCI market3000个小额贷款机构用户，占小额贷款市场的50,Compuscan MCI databasePrivate 私人数据库,NLR MCI databasePublic公共数据库,MCI&Consumer data小额贷款机构和消费者数据,MCI data小额贷款机构数据,Banks/Larger MCIs银行/较大的小额贷款机构,MCI&Consumer data小额贷款机构和消费者数据,Data usage 数据使用
10、,70%of subscribers consult and report on Compuscan and the NLR,20%are being recruited.10%are prohibited from using the NLR(not registered with Regulator).,Of the 70%,12%use value add data from main CR.,70的用户向Compuscan和NLR咨询和报告信息；20正在登记；10被禁止使用NLR（没有向监管者登记）,在 70%的用户中,12%使用了来自主要征信局的增值数据,Pricing 定价,Pri
11、ce band of majority subscribers.Average MCI expenditure is approximately R690.00(US$104.55)p/m.,Volume discounts are provided to the bigger MCIs较大的小额贷款机构可以使用贷款额度折扣,Includes access to the full system functionality,enabling the MCI to consult,report,and comply with regulatory requirements 包括整个征信体系功能的实
12、现，使得小额贷款机构能够咨询、报告以及满足监管要求The data is complete and sufficient to enable the MCI to test the ability to repay and measure credit risk,as well as monitor the debt portfolio 数据必须完整和充足，使小额贷款机构能够衡量信用风险并对债务组合进行监管,MCIs data reporting requirements 小额贷款机构的征信要求,MCIs are required to report on all loans granted,
13、payments,re-advancements and closures of accounts 要求小额贷款机构对其授信、支付、再授信及帐户取消等信息进行报告MCIs are required to report all loans granted within 48 hours to the NLR,and all accounts that are closed for what ever reason within 48 hours.要求小额贷款机构在48小时内向NLR报告所有贷款以及不管什么原因取消的帐户Payment Profile data(account repayment
14、data)must be submitted on a monthly basis:支付数据（帐户偿还数据）必须按月递交MCIs that provide short term loans(short term lenders)submit in format A 提供短期小额贷款的机构以格式A的形式递交MCIs that provide term loans(term lenders)submit in format B 提供分期小额贷款的机构以格式B的形式递交Format A is less onerous than B,but its preferred that short term
15、lenders submit in format B 虽然格式A比格式B简练，但是建议短期贷款者使用格式B,CompuScan information system信息系统,CompuScan provides credit information to its MCI subscribers through leading-edge online services 公司通过一流的网络服务向它的客户提供信用信息System handles 500000 consultations per month 系统每月都要处理500，000的问询System makes use of:web-based
16、 platform telephone and fax(complementary)CPU-to-CPU(integration into debtor management systems)系统由以下部分组成：网络平台电话和传真（补充作用）中央处理器对中央处理器（融合到债务人管理系统中）Consultation reports instantly available(single and/or batch)via web/CPU-to-CPU 通过网络或中央处理器马上就可获得问询报告System provides tools for credit application processing
17、 and account monitoring 系统提供信用申请处理和帐户监测的工具MCI Reporting(i.e.account creation/closures/payments)performed via web/CPU-to-CPU(single and/or batch)instantaneously or overnight 小额贷款机构通过网络或中央处理器立刻或隔夜进行报告Payment profiles automatically compiled&submitted to main CR on behalf of MCI monthly 支付款项自动按月递交给主要征信机
18、构,MCI support/training 对小额贷款机构的支持和培训,The training and support are key to success-MCIs rely heavily on our training and support service.培训和支持是成功的关键小额贷款机构严重依赖于培训和支持Support and training provided:已提供的支持和培训On-site at MCIs 网上服务Call centre(inbound&outbound)6 days a week 电话中心（内部和外部）每周6天Contact with MCIs eve
19、ry 6-8 weeks 每周跟小额贷款机构联系68次In addition,skills training and development programs in credit management provided via CompuScans training division 另外，对信用管理的技术培训和发展规划在CompuScan的培训部展开Outcomes are to improved MCI standards/professionalism and promote best practice 结果是要得到更完善的标准和专业素质，来推动最好的实践Banking sector t
20、raining authority recently funded a skills training and development project to MCIs to the value of R78million(US$12million)银行部门的培训主管最近为小额贷款机构的技术培训和发展计划筹集了一笔价值7800万兰特（1200万美元）的资金,Benefit to borrowers(1)对借款者的好处,MCIs must test a borrowers ability to repay prior to entering into a loan agreement(afford
21、ability)小额贷款机构必须在达成贷款合同之前检测借款者的偿付能力Data used to test ability to repay from MCI/consumer data 来自小额贷款机构或消费者的用于检测偿付能力的数据Today MCIs are making more informed lending decisions due to more comprehensive MCI/consumer data,attributed to the NLR 如今，由于提供了更加详实的贷款机构或消费者数据，小额贷款机构制定贷款决策的信息就更加丰富African Bank,South
22、Africas largest MCI,reported in their 2004 interim results that their non-performing loans were decreasing 非洲银行及南非最大的小额贷款机构的2004年中期报告就表明它们的不良贷款正在减少 This can be taken as an indicator that levels of borrower over-indebtedness are declining,leading to a trend of fewer judgments and summonses for debts
23、借款者过度借债水平正在下降这一点可以被看作一个指标，表明了法律纠纷不断减少的趋势,Graphs show a marked decline in the percentage of judgments and summonses for debts in the last 12 month period.下图显示在过去了12个月中债务纠纷是显著减少的,Benefit to borrowers(2)对借款者的好处,Benefit to borrowers(3)对借款者的好处,Interest rate decline trend has been noticed in the last 18 m
24、onth period by the larger MCIs that provide short term loans,由较大的小额贷款机构在过去的18个月里提供的短期贷款表明，利率呈下降趋势This can be attributed to increased competitive forces in the short term loans market,mainly by the bigger MCIs that provide short term loans,这一点归功于短期借贷市场的激烈竞争，这种竞争主要是由提供短期贷款的较大型机构引起的But an assumption ca
25、n also be made that due to the MCI ability to make more informed decisions via CR data results in increased MCI efficiency.Thus the savings derived from greater efficiencies,pass onto consumer by means of lower interest rates.但是我们仍然可以作出这样的判断，即由于征信局提供了数据，小额贷款机构就有能力作出更细致的决策，从而增加了小额贷款机构的效率。所以，更高效率带来的成本
26、节约通过更低的利率转移到了消费者Another noticeable trend is that the loan size(capital amount)has started to increase slightly in the last 12 months,另外一个趋势是在过去的12个月里，贷款规模开始轻微地增加了This could be attributed to the MCI ability to make more informed decisions via CR data,这一点也是由于小额贷款机构可以获得更多信息而能作出更加周密的决策了But also to the f
27、act that the borrowers debt repayments are slightly lower,due to better interest rates.但同时也是由于更有利的利率使得借款者的偿付成本降低了,Where to for CompuScan 未来发展方向,In the local market,the focus is on product development:在当地市场，主要是产品开发Application and bureau scores for MCIs 小额贷款机构的开展和评分Systems,methodologies and informatio
28、n to assist MCIs diversify into micro/small business lending 帮助小额贷款机构向小型商业借贷机构发展的体制、方法和信息*MCIs are under political pressure to diversify into micro/small business lending 政治压力 Expansion into other markets is also on the cards and numerous scoping missions have been undertaken and strategies are bein
29、g developed:向其它市场扩展也是一项内容，我们正在开展许多开阔视野的活动，一些策略也正在被开发 From a technological point of view,setting-up-shop in a market with low enquiry volumes is doable,as long as the target market has a decent telecommunication infrastructure,which is affordable by the MCIs in the target market.从技术的角度来讲，只要目标市场拥有不错的电
30、讯基础设施，建立一个小型的信用公司就是可行的。However,what can hinder the feasibility of entering and operating in a market with low volumes is the cost of providing the required sales,service,support and training.MCIs rely heavily on training and support.然而，影响进入市场并在其中经营的可行性的障碍就是提供要求的产品、服务、支持和培训所需要的成本。而小额贷款机构对支持和培训是严重依赖的,Thank you 谢谢,Comments welcome 欢迎评论,
