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1、2023/10/6,1,高三英语总复习语法系列训练,基本句型,2023/10/6,2,什么是句子？,句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有？！,I am a teacher.Are you a student?How beautiful the girl is!,2023/10/6,3,句子包括哪些成分？,主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当它的位置一般在句首,The girl is pretty.Reading is useful.（习惯性的动作）To see is to belie
2、ve.（一次性动作）They are good friends.,2023/10/6,4,用v-ing作主语翻译下列句子,1.吸烟会导致多种健康问题。Smoking causes a lot of health problems.2.学好英语是很重要的learning English well is very important.3.保护环境是重要的。Protecting the enviroment is important.4.玩电脑游戏是不好的Playing computer game is not good.,2023/10/6,5,用to do 作主语翻译下列句子,控制水污染是一个大
3、问题。To control the water pollution is a big problem.2.完成家庭作业对于我们来说是容易的。To finish the homework is easy for us.3.克服这个困难不容易。Overcoming this difficulty is not easy for us.4.为人民服务是我们的荣幸。To serve the people is our honor.,2023/10/6,6,用从句 作主语翻译下列句子,我们需要的是时间。What we need is time.2.选择哪一个对于我来说是很难的。Which one to
4、choose is difficult for me.3.你没有来是一个遗憾。That you didnt come is a pity.4.我们是否应该控制污染是一个大问题。Whether we should control the pollution is abig problem.,2023/10/6,7,用it 作主语翻译下列句子,对于我们来说保护环境是重要的。It is important for us to protect environment.2.戒烟对他来说是困难的。It is hard for him to quit smoking.3.保持身体健康是至关重要的。It is
5、 important for us to keep healthy.4.和你谈话是我的荣幸。It is my honor to talk with you.,2023/10/6,8,翻译下列句子,完成哪项工作之花了我五分钟。To finish the work took me only 5 minutes.It took me only five minutes to finish the job2.在美国的所有公共场所抽烟禁止抽烟。Smoking in the public places in the UnitedStates is prohibited(禁止)3.到年底完成这项工作是不可能
6、的。To finish the work by the end of this year isimpossibleIt is impossible to finish the work by the end of this year.,2023/10/6,9,翻译下列句子,他花了如此少的时间久完成了作文让我很惊讶That he finished writing the composition insuch a short time surprised me.2.谁将成为我们班班长还没有决定。Who will be our monitor hasnt been decidedyet.3.到底是什
7、么导致了那场事故还不得而知。What caused the accident remains unknown 4.你做的任何事情都是正确的。Whatever you did is right.,2023/10/6,10,谓语：,谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成,1.They are teachers.2.She looks well.3.He studies hard.4.He laughed at his classmates.5.He can speak English.6.Fog gathers at the sea.,2023/10/6,11,谓语：,简单
8、谓语由一个动词或者动词短语构成,1.He practices running every morning.2.We plant trees in spring every year.3.The plane took off at seven oclock.4.He likes watching TV5.She worked out this problem,2023/10/6,12,谓语：,复合谓语（1）系动词+标语（2）情态动词/助动词+动词原形,1.They are accountants.2.The food tastes good3.The truth is that we have
9、lost.4.She remained there.5.He is a courageous man6.Her goal is to catch up with Mary.,2023/10/6,13,谓语：,系动词，包括1)Be 动词：am,is,are,was,were 2)感观动词：sound,look,taste,feel,smell 3)趋势动词：appear,become,grow,get,turn,seem,remain（剩下,余留）,go,2023/10/6,14,谓语：,1.We could use this reference book to work out the pro
10、blem precisely.2.They could accelerate the speed.3.They could tell if he was sailing on his correct rather a random caurse.4.We have identified the robber.5.Using navigational instruments have reduced the tendency to make mistake.,2023/10/6,15,划分出下列句子的谓语：,1.I wont do it again.2.The weather gets wame
11、r,and the days get longer.3.He seemed rather tired last night.4.Keep quite and listen to me.5.He looked worried.6.I am answering your question.,2023/10/6,16,划分出下列句子的谓语,1.Xiao Li went to bed as soon as he came home.2.Ill go when I have had my dinner.3.I want to help him.4.I dont know what to do.5.I d
12、ont think(that)he is right.6.I enjoy living here.,2023/10/6,17,宾语,宾语是谓语动作的承受者，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后,She plays the piano.He often helps me.I like watching TV.She likes to go to shop this afternoon.I think that he is good guy.,2023/10/6,18,划分出下列句子中的宾语,1.My parents bought me a co
13、mputer 2.We all like to go to school.3.I think he is right.4.She is playing the piano now.5.He told me that he would go to the college the next year 6.I dont know if there will be a bus any more.,2023/10/6,19,划分出下列句子中的宾语,7.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.8.Do you know who has won Red Aler
14、t game?9.I dont know whom you should depend on.,2023/10/6,20,定语,定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以充当定语,The black bike is mine.Whats your name?A broken vase.I have 5 books.A sleeping boy.They made paper flowers.The boy in the room is Jack.I have something to do.It is a swimming pool.,2023/
15、10/6,21,状语,状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当,He did it carefully.Without his help,we couldnt work it out.In order to catch up with my classmates,I must study hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.He is writing with a pen.,2023/10/6,22,宾语补足语,在英语中，有些句子只有宾语
16、并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当,If you let me go,Ill make you king.Leave the door open.We found John out when we arrived.Make yourself at home.I saw him enter the hall.The boss keeps them working all day.I heard my name called.,2023/10/6,23,表语：
17、,表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面,I am a teacher.She is happy.Everybody is here.They are at home now.My job is to teach English.Seeing is believing.,2023/10/6,24,2023/10/6,25,指出下列句子划线部分是什么成分,The students got on the school bus.He handed me the newspaper.I shall answer your q
18、uestion after class.What a beautiful Chinese painting!They went hunting together early in the morning.His job is to train swimmers.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.There is going to be an American film tonight.He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.,2023/10/6,26,指出下列句子划线部分是什么成分,His wish i
19、s to become a scientist.He managed to finish the work in time.Tom came to ask me for advice.He found it important to master English.Do you have anything else to say?To be honest,your pronunciation is not so good.Would you please tell me your address?He sat there,reading a newspaper.,2023/10/6,27,指出下
20、列句子划线部分是什么成分,It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.He noticed a man enter the room.The apples tasted sweet.,2023/10/6,28,判断句型并分析句子成分,He will be eighteen next year.The teacher told us to do Exercise1.We had got to the station before seven oclock.My class is big.Stop talking.I got to see
21、 my uncle once a week.It rained heavily yesterday.We made him our team leader.,2023/10/6,29,1.You are right.(99),2.The playground is now in front of the school.(99),5.60%of the students are against the idea of entrance fees.(02),4.Opinions are divided on the question.(02),3.It was 7:15 on the mornin
22、g of February 8,2000.(00),英语基本句型-1 主系表句型与高考书面表达,2023/10/6,30,6.,but the most common way is to hold a birthday party,(05),7.The reason is that it takes less time to understand the whole story.(06),9.As we all know,a good learning environment is vital if we want to study English well.(07),8.In a word,
23、to read the original work is better than to see the film based on it.(06),英语基本句型-1 主系表句型,2023/10/6,31,基本句型一主语+系动词+表语：A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.The plan sounds perfect.This material feels soft.,系动词词义不完整，在句中不能单独使用（除省略句外），后面必须接有表语，系动词和表语一起构成合成谓语。,2023/10/6,32,一、系动词的分类：常见的系动
24、词大致可分为三类。第一类：表示特征或状态的，有be，look，feel，seem，appear，smell，taste，sound，turn out（结果是、证明是）等。Youll be all right soon.You dont look very well.I feel rather cold.,2023/10/6,33,He seems to be ill.It appears that he is unhappy.The roses smell sweet.The mixture tasted horrible.How sweet the music sounds!The day
25、turned out(to be)a fine one.,2023/10/6,34,第二类：表示从一种状态到另一种状态的变化，有become，get，grow，turn，fall，go，come，run等。He became a world-famous scientist.It is getting warmer and warmer.It grew dark.The food has turned bad.,2023/10/6,35,Yesterday he suddenly fell ill.Marys face went red.His dream has come true.The
26、boys blood ran cold.,2023/10/6,36,第三类：表示保持状态的，有keep，remain，continue，stay等。Keep quiet,children!The weather continued fine for a long time.It remains to be proved.,2023/10/6,37,系动词后的表语可以是名词、代词、数词、形容词、分词、动名词、不定式、副词、介词短语、词组、从句，系动词be可用于上述所有情况。The news was surprising.（分词）His job is teaching English.（动名词）T
27、he only method is to give the child more help.（不定式）I must be off now.（副词）The bridge is under construction.（介词短语）That would be a great weight off my mind.（词组）This is why he was late.（从句）,2023/10/6,38,所有的系动词都可接形容词作表语，此处略举数例。Our future will be beautiful.She looks unhappy today.Do you feel cold？You seem
28、/appear ill.The food tastes delicious.The weather is turning/growing/becoming/getting cold.He often went hungry.,2023/10/6,39,3.能用不定式作表语的系动词有：appear，seem，get，prove，remain，turn out等。She appears/seems to be very young.He appears/seems to have caught cold.They got to be friends。The meeting turned out t
29、o be successful.The theory proved to be right.Much remains to be done.,2023/10/6,40,4.能接从句的有：be，seem，appear，sound，look等。Thats why he fell ill.My idea is that we should help him.It seems/appears to me that something is wrong.It sounds to me as if someone were trying to get into the house.Your voice s
30、ounds as if you had a cold.It looks as if it is going to rain.,2023/10/6,41,5.能接介词短语的有：be，feel，look，sound，taste，remain等。be是特别活跃的系动词，其后可接很多介词短语作表语。He is at home/in the library/on the way home/on holiday.They are on duty/on strike/on leave.The road is under repair.,2023/10/6,42,其他系动词能和介词搭配的范围很小。如：It f
31、eels like a rain.It looks like a rain.It sounds like a train going under my room.It tastes of apples.（这有苹果的味道。）The concert remains in my memory.,2023/10/6,43,6.能接分词的系动词有：be，become，get，grow，seem，appear等。His report was surpring/disappointing/delighting/moving/astonishing The boy was moved/delighted/su
32、rprised/disappointed/astonished。He has become/got/grown/interested in modern physics。He seems/appears drunk。系动词后还可接代词、数词、动名词、副词及其词组，基本都是be的用法。其他系动词几乎不能这样用或很少这样用。,page43,2023/10/6,44,一.纵观历年的高考题，对系动词的考查一直是高考中非常重要的热点之一，对于考生来说也是难点所在。高考对系动词考查的覆盖面广，涉及的系动词较多，重点考查的是 get，其次是 feel 和 remain，考查的难度在逐年增大。二.对表示状态变
33、化的系动词的考查 英语中常见的表示状态变化的系动词有 get，turn，turn out（结果是），go，come（成为），fall，become 等。,2023/10/6,45,1.对 get 的考查 get 表示状态的改变，意为“变成，变得，做成”，它后面可以接形容词、v-ing 形式、过去分词等。Sarah,hurry up.Im afraid you wont have time to _ before the party.（NMET 2004）A.get changed B.get change C.get changing D.get to change,2023/10/6,46,
34、Be careful when you cross this very busy street,if not,you may _ run over by a car.（2002 北京卷）A.have B.get C.become D.turn As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends.（NMET2001）A.separated B.spared C.lost D.missed,分析：例中考查的是“get 过去分词”构成的系表结构。例 get changed 意为“换衣服”，例 get run over 意为“碾过，压过”，例 get
35、separated 意思是“冲散，分离”，所以正确答案分别是 A、B、B。,2023/10/6,47,2.对 go 的考查 系动词 go 的意义是“变成，成为”，后多跟形容词，如 go bad,go mad,go wrong,go hungry,go sour 等。例如：On hearing the news of the accident in coal mine,she _ pale.（2004 湖北卷）A.got B.changed C.went D.appeared,分析：该题考查的是“go+adj.”系表结构。got 和 changed 不能与 pale 搭配起来表达这一状态的变化，
36、而 appeared 是表示状态存在的系动词。所以正确答案是 C。,2023/10/6,48,3.对 fall 的考查 系动词 fall 表示“（不知不觉地或突然地）进入状态”，后常跟形容词、副词或介词短语等，如：fall ill（生病），fall apart（散开），fall asleep,fall into a deep sleep（睡熟）。例如：As she _ the newspaper,Granny _ asleep.（NMET1995）A.read;was falling B.was reading;fell C.was reading;was falling D.read;fel
37、l,分析：该题第二空考查的是系动词“fall+adj.”结构，fall asleep 是短暂性动词短语，不能用于进行时态，故正确答案是 B。句意是“她读报时，奶奶睡着了。”,2023/10/6,49,三.对表示状态存在的系动词的考查 常见的有 be,seem,appear,look,feel,smell,sound,keep,taste,remain,prove,stay,lie（处于某种状态），stand（处于某种状态）等。1.对 remain 的考查 系动词 remain 的意思是“保持，继续，依然不变”，后常接名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式等。Having a trip abroa
38、d is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.（NMET2002）A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.seen,2023/10/6,50,Although he has taken a lot of medicine,his health _ poor.（2002 上海春招）A.proves B.remainsC.maintains D.continues,分析：例中的 remain 是个半系动词，“有待被看，证实”，所以应用不定式的被动式，故答
39、案是 B。例中 remain poor 意为“仍然很差”，maintain 意为“维持，保持，继续”，不与形容词 poor 连用，所以正确答案是 B。,2023/10/6,51,2.对 stay 的考查 stay 意为“保持原状，维持”，后面可以接形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等。The weather has stayed warm all week.Why dont you put the meat in the fridge?It will _ fresh for several days.（NMET2003）A.be stayed B.stay C.be staying D.have s
40、tayed,分析：该题考查的是系动词 stay 后接形容词（fresh）的系表结构，它表示一种存在的状态，主动形式表示被动意义，这种结构一般不能用于进行时态，所以正确答案是 B。,2023/10/6,52,3.对 appear 的考查 appear 的含义是“似乎，好像，看来（如关于某人的性格、感情或意图）”，此时不用进行式，后接形容词、名词、动词不定式等。She appeared rather upset about something.看来有些什么事使她心烦。Do let your mother know all the truth.She appears _ everything.（上海
41、 2001）A.to tell B.to be told C.to be telling D.to have been told,2023/10/6,53,分析：句意是“一定要把一切真相告诉你妈妈。她看上去已经知道一切事情。”句中 tell 后面没有宾语，故用不定式的被动式，又因为“知道一切”发生在“告诉真相”之前，要用完成式。所以正确答案是 D。,4.对 feel 的考查 feel 的意思是“感觉是，似乎”，后常接形容词、副词、介词短语等。I love to go to the seaside in summer.It _ good to lie in the sun or swim in
42、the cool sea.（NMET 1996）A.does B.feels C.gets D.makes,2023/10/6,54,-Do you like the material?-Yes,it _ very soft.(NMET1994)A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt,分析：这两道考题考查的是“fell+adj.”的系表结构。例中 feel good 意为“感觉舒服”；例 feel soft 意为“摸上去软和”，此时，主动结构表示被动的含义。所以正确答案分别是 B 和 C。,2023/10/6,55,5.对系动词 look 的考查 look
43、有“看来，显得”等意，后面常接形容词、介词短语、不定式短语、从句等。The plan looks good on paper,but will it work?这个计划从表面上看来不错，但能行得通吗？-You dont look very _.Are you ill?-No,Im just a bit tired.(2003 北京春招)A.good B.well C.strong D.healthy,分析：尽管提供的四个备选项都是形容词，但 look well 的意思是“看上去气色好”，符合对话的语境，故正确答案是 B。,2023/10/6,56,6.对 sound 的考查 sound 有“听
44、起来，令人觉得，似乎”等含义，后面可以接形容词、名词短语、介词短语、不定式等。She sounds to be a very strange woman.听起来她似乎是一个非常古怪的女人。What he said sounds _.（1993 上海卷）A.nicely B.pleasantly C.friendly D.wonderfully,分析：四个选项中只有 friendly 是形容词，可以和 sound 连用构成系表结构，其他三项都是副词，只能作状语不能作表语，所以正确答案是 C。,2023/10/6,57,7.对 taste 的考查 taste 在使用时不用进行时态，含义是“尝起来，
45、有某种特殊的味道”，一般接形容词构成系表结构。These oranges taste nice.这些橙子味道很好。These oranges taste _.（MET1991）A.good B.well C.to be good D.to be well,分析：taste 是系动词，所以要用形容词 good 作其表语。well 作形容词时，意思是“健康的”，只能形容人，不能形容物。故正确答案是 A。,2023/10/6,58,8.对 smell 的考查 smell 经常与形容词连用，意思是“闻起来，有气味，发出的气味”。This book smells old.这本书有一股霉味。We dont
46、 care if a hunting dog smells _,but we really dont want him to smell _.（1995 上海卷）A.well;well B.bad;bad C.well;badly D.badly;bad,分析：第一空前的 smell 是不及物动词，意为“嗅，闻，有嗅觉”，副词 badly 修饰 smells；而第二空前的 smell 是系动词，与形容词 bad 构成系表结构。答案为D,2023/10/6,59,英语基本句型-2 主谓结构与高考书面表达,2.Quite a few changes have taken place.(99),4.
47、Whats more,I can go to bed earlier.,3.The car didnt stop but drove off at great speed heading west.(00),1.He fell with a cry.(00),2023/10/6,60,英语基本句型-2 主谓结构与高考书面表达,6.I think I can stay at home,reading quietly in a situation of my own.(06),5.,at which friends get together to have fun drinking,singing
48、 and dancing.(05),2023/10/6,61,主谓结构 本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。如：The sun rises.Tom has already left.主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。,如:1.The red sun rises in the east.2.So they had to travel by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4.She sat there alone,reading a novel.5.He came back w
49、hen we were eating.6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake,but strong ones may stay up.,2023/10/6,62,1她昨天回家很晚。2会议将持续两个小时。3在过去的十年里我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化.41919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。5每天八时开始上课。,2.The meeting will last two hours.,3.Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.,4.The May
50、 Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.,5.Classes begin at eight every day.,1.She went home very late yesterday evening.,2023/10/6,63,6这个重五公斤。7五年前我住在北京。8秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。9我的爷爷早晨起得很早。10.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。,6.This box weighs five kilos.,7.I lived in Beijing five years ago.,8.In autumn,some birds fly to
