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1、Unit SixUrging Establishment of L/C(催开信用证),Objectives,Introduction,Objectives,1.买方开立信用证的时间 2.卖方催开信用证的一般情况 3.撰写催开信用证的信函时的注意事项 4.催开信用证的信函的撰写,通过本章的学习，帮助学生掌握:,Introduction,When shall L/C be opened:,It is the usual practice that the letter of credit is to be opened and to reach the sellers 30 days ahead
2、of shipment so as to give the seller enough time to make preparation for shipment,such as making the goods ready and booking shipping space.For prompt shipment,it is advisable that the letter of credit be issued in good time.,Introduction,Principles of writing letters urging establishment of L/C:,No
3、 suggestion of annoyance is allowed to be shown in the letter urging establishment of L/C.It is not advisable,except under special conditions,to start off too strongly by blaming the buyer for not executing the contract.The first message sent should therefore be a polite note saying that the goods o
4、rdered are ready but the relevant letter of credit has not yet be received.If the first message brings no reply,a second one will be sent.This one,though still restrained,will express disappointment and surprise.,Introduction,The following structure is for your reference in writing a letter urging e
5、stablishment of L/C:,Open the letter in a positive way.For example,in the first paragraph the seller usually informs the buyer that the goods are ready for dispatch or that the shipping space has already been booked.Politely push the buyers to open the L/C without delay,either by referring to the st
6、ipulations of the contract or by reminding the buyers of the seriousness of not opening the L/C in time.3.Express expectations and ask the buyers to take immediate action.,Unit SixL/C Amendment&Extension(信用证的修改与展期),Objectives,Introduction,Objectives,1.在国际贸易中改证和展证的一般情况 2.需要修改信用证的一般情况 3.信用证需要展期的一般情况 4
7、.要求改证和展证的函电的撰写,通过本章的学习，帮助学生掌握:,Introduction,Why does the exporter have to amend the L/C:,It is essential for the exporter to do so because a minor difference between the clauses of the L/C and the terms stipulated in the sales contract or sales confirmation,if not discovered or duly amended,may caus
8、e the seller much inconvenience because the negotiating bank will refuse to make the payment.,Introduction,In what cases extension of the L/C is necessary:,There are times when the exporter fails to get the goods ready for the shipment in time or the importer requests that shipment be postponed for
9、one reason or another.Under such circumstances,the exporter will have to ask for extension of the expiry date as well as the date of shipment of the L/C.,Introduction,The following structure is for your reference in writing a letter asking for L/C amendment or extension:,1.Acknowledge receipt of the
10、 L/C and thank the buyer for opening it.2.Point out the problem politely and ask the buyer to make the amendment accordingly.Usually,detailed and courteous explanations for such a request should be provided.3.End the letter in a way that encourages thebuyer to take immediate action.,Unit SevenShipme
11、nt(装运),Objectives,Introduction,Objectives,1.常见的国际货物运输方式 2.国际货物运输涉及的环节 3.国际货物运输涉及的当事人 4.装运指示的内容 5.装运通知的内容 6.有关货物运输的信函的撰写,通过本章的学习，帮助学生掌握:,Introduction,Three parties involved in the movement of the goods:,the consigner(发货人)who sends the goods;the carrier(承运人)who carries them;the consignee(收货人)who recei
12、ves them at the destination.,Introduction,Letters regarding shipment are usually written for the following purpose:,to send shipping instructions and urge an early shipment(敦促早日装运)to amend shipping terms(装运条款)to give shipping advice(装运通知),Introduction,A shipping advice usually contains the following
13、 points:,the date and number of bill of lading(B/L,提单)the date and number of the contract the names of commodities and their quality and value the name of the carrying vessel the name of the shipping port/loading port(装货港)the estimated time of departure(EDT，预定起航日期)the name of the destination port(目的
14、港)the estimated time of arrival(ETA，预定到港日期)a list of the relevant shipping documents(货运单据)thanks for patronage,Introduction,In writing a letter concerning shipment,the following structure is still applicable:,Open the letter in a positive way.Especially when negative information is conveyed,great ca
15、re should be taken.Explain the problem in great detail to try to persuade the reader into accepting the request or to make the reader fully aware of the request.Close the letter by expressing good wishes to encourage the reader to cooperate.,Unit SevenPacking&Shipping Marks(包装和唛头),Objectives,Introdu
16、ction,Objectives,1.影响包装的因素 2.包装的类型 3.运输标志的类型 4.有关包装和运输标志的商务信函的撰写,通过本章的学习，帮助学生掌握:,Introduction,Factors which influence the nature of packing:,value of the goods nature of the transit nature of the cargo compliance with customers or statutory requirements resale value of packing materials,general frag
17、ility of cargo variation in temperature during the course of the transit ease of handling and stowage insurance acceptance conditions cost of packing,Introduction,Two forms of packing:,large packing/outer packing,i.e.packing for transportation small packing/inner packing,i.e.packaging or sales packi
18、ng,Introduction,Three principal types of marking which may have to be done on export packages:,The consignees own distinctive marks Any official mark required by authorities Special directions or warnings,Introduction,Letters with such a purpose is usually written in the following way:,1.Open the le
19、tter by pointing out the problem under discussion.2.Explain the packing and shipping arrangements in great detail.In case the writer wants the reader to change the packing method or to accept the changed packing method,detailed reasons should be provided.3.End the letter by asking for cooperation or expressing wishes for an early reply.,
