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1、定语从句,The Attributive Clause,定 语 从 句,定语从句的相关概念关系代词、关系副词的基本用法that和which用法的区别关系代词前介词的确定as和which用法的区别限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句,一 What is Attributive Clause?,I will never forget the exciting day.,定语（单个单词，前置）,I will never forget the exciting day in that village.,定语（介词短语，后置）,翻译：我永远忘不了我们在那个小村庄里渡过的那一天。,Q1:通过什么桥梁将句子连接
2、起来？,连词,Q2 定语从句的连接词叫/什么？,关系词,I will never forget the day that/which we spent in that village.,关系词在从句中充当spend 的宾语。所以叫关系代词，,认一认,Lets recognize the Attributive Clause,1.Thinkers who have changed the world do not seem to have much in common.It seems that creative thinking,which is one of the most highly
3、valued skills in society,is a matter of habits.,3.As is known to everyone,the moon travels round the earth once every month.(2001全国高考),5.The reason why he missed the speech is that he forgot the time.6.The reason that he gave us sounded reasonable.7.Ill never forget the day that we spent together in
4、 Paris.8.Ill remember the day when we stayed together at that time.9.This is the factory that we visited last year.10.This is the house where Lincoln once lived.,1.定义：,在复合句中修饰 _ 或 _的从句.,2.先行词：,_ 被修饰的名词或代词,关系代词、关系副词：,3.引导定语从句的词_,关系代词：_,关系副词：_,when,where,why等,who,whom,whose,which,that,as,总结：定语从句的相关概念,
5、名词,代词,二 关系代词、关系副词的基本用法.关系词选择两个窍门：,1.看从句的动词是及物还是不及物动词。是及物动词，而且没有宾语，即可以直接将先行词带进从句中，一定用关系代词；是不及物动词，即一定要加一个介词才能将先行词带进从句中的，就用关系副词。,I will never forget the day _ I spent in that village.I will never forget the day _ I worked in that village.,which/that/,when/on which,2.如果从句缺主语，宾语和表语(定语)，一定是用关系代词如果不缺主语，宾语和
6、表语，一定用关系副词,Ill never forget the day _ we spent together in Paris.Ill remember the day _ we stayed together at that time.,that/which/不填,when,关系词 的 选 择,当先行词为,当从句中缺少,引导词,人,主 语,人,宾 语,物,主语 或 宾语,人 或 物,定 语,地 点,状 语,地 点,主语 或 宾语,who,that,who,whom,that,that,which,whose,where,that,which,当先行词为,当从句中缺少,引导词,时 间,状 语
7、,时 间,主语 或 宾语,原 因,主语 或 宾语,原 因,状 语,当指代一个句子或句子的一部分,主语 或 宾语,the way,状 语,when,that,which,that,which,why,as,which,that,in which,/,当见到介词关系代词，只在_中选。,which 或whom,填一填：,a、This is the place_ he works.,This is the place _we visited last year.,b、That was the time _he arrived.,Do you still remember the days _ we s
8、pent together?,c、This is the reason _ he went.,The reason _he gave us was quite reasonable.,where,that/which,when,that/which,why,that/which,This is the hotel_ we will stay at.This is the hotel_ we will stay.This is the hotel_ we will stay.This is the hotel _ we will visit.This hotel is_ we will stay
9、 at.This hotel is_ we will visit.This hotel is_ we will stay.This hotel is_ we will visit.Is this hotel _ we will visit?,that/which,where,at which,that/which,the one(that),the one(that),where,what,the one,三 that 和which用法的区别,(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much 等不定代词时。,I am su
10、re she has something(that)you can borrow.,(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。,Ive read all the books that are not mine.,1、宜用that不用which的情况,(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。,This is the first book(that)he has read.,This is the very book that belongs to him.,(4)先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。,(
11、5)主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句（为避免重复）Who is the girl that drove the car?Which is the book that you want?,(6).先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。e.g.We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.,当引导词在从句中作表语时China isnt the country that it used to be.,(1)关系代词前有介词时There are many trees under which they can have a res
12、t.,2、只用which不用that的情况,(2)在非限制性定语从句中 Football,which is a very popular game,is played all over the world.,(3)which 可以用来修饰整个句子，而that不能。He was admitted to Beijing University,which made his parents very happy.,Correct the following mistakes:,1.Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory?,2.Th
13、e third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou.,3.The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.,who,that,which,that,which,that,4.This is the bike by that I go to school every day.,which,which,5.She heard a terrible noise,that brought her heart into her mouth.,若引导词作介词的宾语，介词可以提前，构
14、成介词+关系词的形式.,Is this the library(which)you borrow books from?,Is this the library from which you borrow books?,The man(whom)I nodded to is Mr.Li.,The man to whom I nodded is Mr.Li.,四 介词+关系代词,介词的提前,如何选用正确的介词？看从句动词与先行词能用什么介词正确地相连接。具体方法如下：,先行词为人,关系代词用whom;先行词为物,关系代词用which.关系代词在介词后不能用that,关系代词也不能省.如介词放在句
15、尾,引导词可用that 或who,而且可以省去:关系代词和关系副词可转换:where,when,why=介词+which,1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，e.g.Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：1949 was the year in which the P.R.C.was founded.,
16、4.非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如,e.g.There are 50 students in our class,two-thirds of whom have been to Beijing.,5.Whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，如：,e.g.They live in a house,whose door opens to the south.,They lived in a house,of which the door opens to the south.They lived in a house,the door
17、of which open to the south.,注：当先行词是way（方式方法）时，根据英语的习惯常用that和in which 来引导定语从句，而且也常常省略；另外当先行词是time（次），其前面用序数词修饰时，根据英语的习惯常用that来代替for which 来引导定从。如：1)This is the first time(that)we shall see an English film.2)The way(that)we did it is very simple.,如果定语从句中的介词短语是固定搭配，则介词不能提前,eg:1)He is the man who I am l
18、ooking for.,2)He is the man who I am looking after.,3)He is the man who I am looking at.,Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions:The sun gives us heat and light,_ which we cant live.2.The student _ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class.3.Ill never forget the day _ which
19、she said good-bye to me.,without,about/to,on,4.Who can give me the reason _ which he hasnt turned up yet?5.This is the reason _ _ he left his hometown.(=why)6.Ill never forget the day _ _ we stayed together.(=when),for,for which,on which,7.This is the girl _ _ I learned the news.8.The person _ _ I s
20、poke just now is the manager that I told you about.9.Ill show you a store _ _ you may buy all that you need.(=where)10.I dont like the way _ _ you laughed at her.(=that;),in which,in which,to whom,from whom,难点解析：关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构：1.介词+whomwhichThe woman general still remember the day on which she joine
21、d the army.2.介词+短语+whichwhomThe fisherman lived in a small house in front of which lies a well.,3.不定代词或数词+which whom There are many books here,none of which belongs to me.China has a lot of famous writers,one of whom is Luxun.4.名词+of which She mentioned a magazine,the title of which I have forgotten
22、.,做做试试：He paid the boy$10 for washing ten windows,most of _ had not been cleaned for at least one year.In the dark street,there was not a single person _ she could turn for help.China has a lot of islands,the largest _ is Taiwan.The old lady had noe son and two daughters,_ _ _ treated her well,_ mad
23、e her very sad.There are forty students in our class,_ _ 20 are girls;the rest are boys.,which,to whom,of which,none of whom,which,of whom,思考：关系副词when,where,why等于什么？,关系副词都等于一个适当的介词which，在从句中作状语,1.Do you still remember the day when(on which)we went to visit the museum together?,When=in/at/on/+which;,
24、Where=in/at/on/+which;,Why=for/+which,2.This is the factory where(in which)my father once worked.,3.This is the reason why(for which)he was late.,五 as与which引导定语从句时的区别,两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。,2.当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。e.g.Such books as you tell me are interesting.I have the same plan as you
25、.,1.关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。e.g.As we all know,the earth is round.,4.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。,3.当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。.,e.g.She has married again,as was expected.She has married again,which was unexpected.,e.g.She has been late again,as was expe
26、cted.Tom has made great progress,which made us happy.,It rained hard yesterday,_ prevented us from going to the park.A.that B.which C.as D.it,2._ is mentioned above,the number of the students in senior schools is increasing.A.Which B.As C.That D.What,B,B,3.Chongqing is not the same city _ we have se
27、en in other places.A.that B.which C.不填 D.as,4.Alec asked the policeman_ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.(2000NMET)A.with whom B.who C.with him D.whom,D,A,六 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句,限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整.一般用逗号把主句和从句分开,引导词：who,whom,whose
28、,which,of which,when,where等，不用that,不能省略,引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略,The man who came here yesterday has come again.,My sister,who is twenty,works in a bank.,Mr.king,whose leg was badly hurt,was taken to hospital quickly.,The boss in whose department Mr.king worked had heard about the accident.,七 学生
29、常见的定语从句的使用错误：1.Do you like the bike your friend gave it to you?2.This is the very place where we visited many years ago.3.There are ten students are playing basketball on the playground.,多词,漏引导词,错用引导词,4.English is a subject I am interested.5.Can you show me the book which have been translated into E
30、nglish by Smith?,漏介词,主谓不一致,有从句没主句6.Guangdong which called as“the king of fruit”从句不是一个有主语有谓语的句子，而只是介词短语7.Guangdong which in the south is a developed province 从句远离先行词，或先行词错误(动词等等）,写一写,Lets write some sentences,using the Attributive clause.,1.我们打算建一个小花园，供休息、读书。(in which)2.中国有很多的岛屿，其中最大的是台湾岛。(the larges
31、t of which),We are to build a small garden,where/in which we can do some reading and take a rest.,China has a lot of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan.,3.结果天气很好，这出乎我们的意料。(turn out)(which)4.正如我们都知道的，高中学生的数量正在增加。(as),The weather turned out to be good,which was more than we could expect.,As we all know,the number of the students in senior school is increasing.,Goodbye!,
